Eyewitness David P. deVries noted:

"...about midnight I heard a great shrieking, & I ran to the ramparts of the fort... Saw nothing but firing, & heard the shrieks of the savages murdered in their sleep. When it was day the soldiers returned to the fort, having massacred or murdered 80 Indians, & considering they had done a deed of Roman valor, in murdering so many in their sleep; where infants were torn from mother's breasts, & hacked to pieces in the presence of the parents, & the pieces thrown into the fire & in the water, & other sucklings, being bound top small boards, were cut, stuck, pierced, & miserably massacred in a manner to move a heart of stone... Some came to our people in the country with their hands, some with their legs cut off, & some holding their entrails in their arms, & others had such horrible cuts & gashes, that worse than they were could never happen."

1707 -- In Venice, dramatist Carlo Goldoni lives. Altered the commedia dell'arte dramatic form by creating realistic characters, tightly constructed plots, & a new spirit of gaiety & spontaneity, as a founder of Italian realistic comedy.
http://www.imagi-nation.com/moonstruck/clsc93.html


1778 -- José de San Martín lives, liberator of Argentina, Chile, Peru.


1814 -- Taras Shevchenko lives. Born into serfdom in Morintsy, Ukraine of the Russian Empire, he becomes the foremost Ukrainian poet of the 19th century & a major figure of the Ukrainian national revival.


1825 -- US: Robert Owen, a socialist, announces New Harmony utopian plan in Indiana to government dignitaries in the Hall of the US House of Representatives.

On Robert Owen, Kenneth Rexroth's chapter in Communalism.
See also, http://www.marxists.org/glossary/people/o/w.htm#owen

Daily Bleed Saint 2004
Lighthouse keeper,
proto-feminist lifestyle adventuress.

http://www.lkwdpl.org/wihohio/lewi-ida.htm




1845 -- Belgium: Victor Dave lives. Membre de l'Internationale & militant anarchiste belge. Fils du président de la Cour des comptes Belge, il fait des études supérieures à la Faculté de Lettres de Liège puis à l'Université libre de Bruxelles, & an advocate of libertarian socialism.

http://ytak.club.fr/fevrier4.html#22

1860 -- US: Whites massacre Indian women & children, Humboldt Bay, California.


1862 -- US: Congress authorizes the first "greenbacks." Within three years they depreciated to 39 cents per dollar in value.


1870 -- US: Hiram Revels becomes the first black US Senator.


1874 -- US: Skokomish Indian reservation established (near Shelton, Washington).
http://www.janm.org/projects/clasc/resources.htm



1882 -- Ludvig Nordström lives, Härnösand. Swedish writer of realistic, socially conscious work.

1882 -- Poland (?): According to Dusseldorf police records, today is the birthday of Ret Marut (the anarchist best known as B. Traven, author of such novels as The Treasure of the Sierra Madre, The Death Ship, The Rebellion of the Hanged, The White Rose, etc.).
[Source: Calendar Riots]

"I am no more important than the typographer of my books, than the worker who labours in the factory that makes the paper ... Without them, there would be no books for the readers & it would do no good that I could write them."

1892 -- France: Andre Soudy (1892-1913) lives, Beaugency, Loiret.

French anarchist illegalist, member of the Bonnot Gang. Soudy first met Bonnot & other gang members at the anarchist Romainville colony (where "L'anarchie" was published). On March 25, 1912, Soudy took part in an attack in which two people were killed. He was captured March 30, 1912, sentenced to death February 28, 1913 & guillotined with Raymond Callemin & Antoine Monier on April 21, 1913. [Details / context]

1894 -- US: Steele MacKaye dies in Buffalo, New York. American playwright/actor/theater manager who patents over 100 theatrical inventions, including folding theater seats.


1894 -- Germany: Ernst Friedrich (1894-1967), founder of the Berlin Peace Museum, German anarchist pacifist, lives.

"Without social revolution there can be no lasting peace....We must prepare systematically an uprising against war."

His book War Against War made a strong impression on Friedrich's contemporaries & was widely read & discussed. Never before had a German audience been subjected to such horrendous images of the savagery & destruction of WWI.

Friedrich helped form a "Revolutionary Pacifist Group" whose membership included such figures as Kurt Tucholsky, Walter Mehring, & the Expressionist writer Ernst Toller.

See:
http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/FriedrichErnst.htm

1898 -- US: Admiral Dewey is ordered to Hong Kong to prepare for an attack on the Philippines (Spanish-American War).


1900 -- Emma Goldman is scheduled to deliver her lecture "The Basis of Morality" in German. On Feb. 26, she is honored at a farewell concert & ball where she speaks about the striking Bohemian miners; other speakers include fellow anarchists Peter Kropotkin & Louise Michel.

Goldman begins debate in the anarchist press about the importance of developing consistent propaganda & supporting individual lecturers financially.

1902 -- US: The mill manager of the George A. Whiting Paper Company in Plover, Wisconsin, discharges a shipping clerk who is trying to organize workers in the plant.

His outraged co-workers hold a protest rally at which they form a lodge of the United Brotherhood of Paper Makers & demand that the company reinstate the clerk. When nothing happens, 25 union men shut down the plant & walk out, followed by about 20 women employed in the finishing room.

By April, strikes disrupt plants up & down the Wisconsin River Valley. The American Federation of Labor & the Wisconsin State Federation of Labor send support, but the companies stand firm &, by the end of April, defeat the strikers.

1904 -- John Millington Synge's Riders to the Sea opens at the Irish National Theatre Society; the audience is stunned, there is no applause.
http://drew.chaosfugue.org/syngeweb/cover.html


1907 -- George Bernard Shaw play "The Philanderer" premiers, London.


1908 -- US: Today the "Washington Post" proposes that ALL anarchists be put to death (whether culpable or not of any crime or offense). Charming journalistic legacy to warm the cockles of Rupert Murdoch, Fox News, et al.


1910 -- US: Walt Woodward lives (1910-2001). Inspired the main character in David Guterson's novel, Snow Falling in Cedar. Publisher/editor of the Bainbridge Review from 1940 to 1961 in Washington State, he opposed Japanese internment during WWII, the only newspaper on the West coast to do so & a stance which cost him subscribers & advertising revenue in this small island community.

The island's oldest, continuously operating farm — established in 1928 — is owned by 75-year-old Akio Suyematsu, who grows strawberries, pumpkins & Christmas trees.

World War II brought one of the saddest chapters of island history — the nation's first forced evacuation of residents of Japanese ancestry, most of them American citizens. On President Roosevelt's authority the army forced some 240 people, including Suyematsu's family, to leave -- mainly for California internment camps. They received a week's notice in March 1942 to dispose of their property.

http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/neighbors/bainbridge/hist26.html
http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=3111

1913 -- US: Passage of the 16th Amendment to the Constitution, authorizing the federal government to tax income.


1913 -- England: British feminist Emmeline Pankhurst on trial for bombing Chancellor of the Exchequer David Lloyd George's villa in Surrey a week ago. She takes responsibility for the event & describes it as "guerrilla warfare," as well as other violent acts aimed at bringing attention to the suffragette movement. She & her daughters Christabel & Sylvia have previously been arrested & jailed for inciting riots. She gets three years in prison.
http://www.geocities.com/ransome/022401r.html


1915 -- Italy: A Reggio Emilia la polizia di stato spara durante un comizio : un morto e vari feriti.
[Source: Crimini e Misfatti]


1917 -- Anthony Burgess lives, Manchester England. Novelist/critic, whose fiction is characterized by verbal inventiveness & social satire. His most famous book is A Clockwork Orange.
http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/burgess.htm


1918 -- US: Newspapers report on government charges that Emma Goldman & Alexander Berkman had worked with German spies in foreign countries, an allegation based on correspondence from Indian nationalist Har Dayal to Berkman found among the papers seized from the Mother Earth publishing office.



1919 -- Russia: The Cheka closes down "Vsegda Vpered." This marks a return to despotic rule by Bolsheviks. In January the Mensheviks were "legalized" & allowed to publish this paper in Moscow, but the short-lived era of relative freedom is no more.


1919 -- US: Some released conscientious objectors (COs) return government pay for non-combatant services.


1919 -- US: During this month “Go-Head!” — a circular attributed to “The American Anarchists” — appears throughout New England. In it, the American Anarchists, presumably the Italian-American Anarchists, threaten to “dynamite” officials in retaliation for the ongoing deportations & repression the anarchists are enduring.

See Heroes & Martyrs: Emma Goldman, Sacco & Vanzetti, & the Revolutionary Struggle, an audio CD by Howard Zinn.
http://www.torremaggiore.com/saccoevanzetti/storia.html
http://infoshop.org/page/Sacco-Vanzetti

1920 -- US: Roberto Elia & Andrea Salsedo, anarchists who worked for the "Cronaca Sovversiva", are kidnapped by the Department of Justice without a warrant or being arrested. They are secretly confined & beaten in Department Justice (sic) offices until they agree to inform on their fellow anarchists. // Arrest of Andrea Salsedo & Roberto Elia (or March 8?), editors, for "interrogation" about the anarchist attacks of the previous year. Andrea Salsedo was suicided on May 3rd, defenestrated from the 14th floor of the "Department of Justice" where he was being questioned.

Attorney General Mitchell Palmer's reign of terror was going full steam against immigrant radicals. To Palmer & his zealous band of immigrant pursuers, they were on a mission to rid the country of "red Satans" or anarchists who seemed bent on dismantling America's free enterprise system.

Roberto Elia & Andrea Salsedo, anarchists who worked for the Cronaca Sovversiva, are taken into custody by the Department of Justice without a warrant or being arrested. They are held & beaten for 8 weeks, not allowed to contact family or friends or lawyers, in an effort to get them to inform on their fellow anarchists.

Salsedo was a member of the Galleani group & a comrade of Sacco & Vanzetti.

http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/SaccoV/chronology.html
http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Zinn/WarHealth_PeoplesHx.html
http://flag.blackened.net/daver/anarchism/saccvanz.html
http://ytak.club.fr/fevrier4.html#25

1920 -- William Faulkner poem "Fantoches" is published in "The Mississippian."


1922 -- Birthday of potato expert Donald MacLean, owner of a private collection of 367 varieties.
'Calendar Riots'


1924 -- US: Basket Weaving 101? Marie Boyd scores 156 points in Maryland HS basketball game (163-3).


1926 -- Author William Faulkner's first novel, Soldier's Pay, is published.


1931 -- US: After a week at William Randolph Hearst's estate, San Simeon, P. G. Wodehouse writes about dining there: "I sat Marion Davies' right the first night, then found myself being edged further & further away till I got to the extreme end... Another day, & I should have been feeding on the floor."
http://www.smart.net/~tak/wodehouse.html


1932 -- Pierre Lariviere (1884?-1932) dies. French anarchist, painter & caricaturist who illustrated some of Jean Grave's "Temps nouveaux."

Mobilized in 1914, he opposed the Manifesto of the 16 / Manifeste des sieze issued by Kropotkin. In 1916, Lariviere's poems were published in Ce qu'il faut dire, by Sébastien Faure, & he began collaborating, until 1927, on "Semeur" with Alphonse Barbe.

http://ytak.club.fr/fevrier4.html#25
http://tmh.floonet.net/index/one_t.html

1932 -- British volunteers organize nonviolent "Peace Army" to attempt to intervene in fighting in China.


1933 -- Author Heinrich Mann publishes his first exposure of the Nazis after leaving Germany.



1942 -- US: The Navy orders Japanese American residents of Terminal Island near Los Angeles Harbor to leave in 48 hours. They are the first group to be removed en masse & suffer especially heavy losses as a result.
http://www.janm.org/projects/clasc/resources.htm
http://www.janet.org/janet_history/niiya_chron.html



1943 -- George Harrison lives, Liverpool, England. Guitarist for rock band The Beatles; also did other stuff.


1945 -- Japan: US planes carpet-bomb Tokyo civilian residential centers.


1949 -- US: Actor Robert Mitchum is released from a Los Angeles County prison farm after serving a 2-month sentence for marijuana possession.


1956 -- Russia: Gluttons For Punishment? At the Russian Communist Party Congress Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader Khruschev denounces Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader Uncle Joe Stalin's crimes. ("How do I love, thee? Let me count the ways!")


1957 -- US: Grave Matters? Posthumously, in "Life" magazine, right-winger John von Neumann advocates preemptive bombing of the Soviet Union.


1957 -- US: Supreme Court voids Michigan law banning sale of books that might corrupt youth. Obviously, in retrospect, Michigan's claim was correct.


1958 -- England: The Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) is launched in the UK.


1960 -- John Cage's "Music for Amplified Toy Pianos" premiers, Middletown, Ct.


1960 -- Lillian Hellman play "Toys in the Attic" opens on Broadway (556 perfs).


1963 -- Vee Jay Records, a small Chicago-based label, releases the first Beatles record in the US, "Please Please Me" backed with "Ask Me Why." A smash in the UK, barely noticed in the US.


1963 -- American Africanist academic Melville Herskovits dies, Evanston, Illinois. A student of Franz Boas, & advocate of "cultural relativism" which rejected Western claims to universality, & salvage of non-Western cultures & seeking to overcome the biases of ethnocentrism.

Daily Bleed Saint 2007
Pioneer American Africanist academic,
activist, historian.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_relativism

1964 -- US: Cassius Clay beats-up Sonny Liston for heavyweight championship. KO's him in seven. Apparently he earlier KOed singer Robert Goulet who forgot the words to the US national anthem while singing at the Liston-Clay (aka Ali) fight.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_versus_Liston


1964 -- US: 172,000 students boycott Chicago schools to protest segregation.


1965 -- Beatles begin filming their 2nd feature film "Help!" (Working title: "Eight Arms to Hold You").


1968 -- Discussing the war capacity of North Vietnam, a country that has been fighting for 23 years & just staged the massive Tet Offensive, Beloved & Respected Comrade US General William C. Westmoreland, master of history & grand prognosticator, declares:

"I do not believe Hanoi can hold up under a long war."

1970 -- US: Latvian-born American artist Mark Rothko commits suicide, New York City.



1970 -- US: Isla Vista Bank of America burns. Riot in Isla Vista, California, protesting "Chicago 7" guilty verdicts, ends with the Bank of America in flames, part of nationwide upheavals since the verdicts came down on the 19th: with "half a million people in the streets"; explosions in three office buildings in NY; explosions in California, Washington, Maryland, Michigan.

We all have our traits. I'm a slow learner. Mary Sue plays with money,
Bobby fire, & me knives. But I got burnt & John got cut. Mary Sue
should be dead.

— Amy Montgomery, "Just Learn"

"I don't know what money is today, & I don't think anybody at the Fed does either."

— Richard Pratt, Chairman of the Board of the Federal Home Loan Bank, 1982

http://www.islavista.org/sfm.html
http://www.islavista.org/ivriot1.html
http://www.islavistahistory.com/ivhistory/chapter2.2.html
http://www.spunk.org/library/misc/sp000127.txt

1972 -- Paul McCartney releases "Give Ireland Back to the Irish" single.


1975 -- US: Nation of Islam founder Elijah Muhammad dies.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation_of_Islam
http://www.noi.org/elijah_muhammad_history.htm

1977 -- Fire aboard the "Wawaiin Patriot", in the northern Pacific, results in a 99,000 ton oil spill.

"The very existence of the State demands that there be some privileged class vitally interested in maintaining that existence. & it is precisely the group interests of that class that are called patriotism."

— Michael Bakunin, Letters on Patriotism, 1869

1979 -- Beginning date of Annie Dillard book Teaching a Stone to Talk.



1980 --
http://www.islavistahistory.com/ivhistory/chapter2.2.html


1983 -- Playwright Tennessee Williams dies, age 71, in New York, after swallowing the cap of a small plastic bottle. New York newsman Storm Field calls him "Tennessee Ernie Williams."




1984 --

"I'm here! It's me! It's Mayor Koch! I'm here!"

       — New York mayor Ed Koch at the Berlin Wall announcing his presence to East German soldiers. The irrepressible clown Rudy "Where's My Fire Helmet?" Giuliani obviously took lessons from Ed for his post-Sept 11, 2001 persona.

http://www.olsommer.com/dc/rudy.html
http://web.archive.org/web/20070625152605/http://www.rs-renningen.bb.bw.schule.de/fotoex1.html

1985 -- US: Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader James Watt says he had never heard of the Holocaust until he became US secretary of the interior (under Reagan, of course) ("New Republic").


1986 -- Philippines: Mass demonstrations overthrow Marcos dictatorship, Manila.


1986 -- Egypt: Thousands of military police riot & destroy two luxury hotels.



1988 -- US: Sam Donaldson broadcasts excerpts from Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader acting President Reagan's private schedule for the day — a document that includes a completer script for everything he is to say in private meetings.

Among the "talking points" suggested: "Bob I appreciate you & your colleagues coming down today," "I want to thank all of you for your input," "God bless you all" & "Otis, what are your thoughts?"

http://deoxy.org/reagan.htm


1988 -- Bruce Springsteen's "Tunnel of Love Tour" begins in Worcester, Massachussetts.


1989 -- Hungary: First independent blue-collar labor union in Communist Hungary is formed.


1989 -- México: Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader President Carlos Salinas frees 1,000 political prisoners.


1990 -- Nicaragua: Voters elect opponent Violetta Chamorro, dump Sandinistas, replace Daniel Ortega as president.
http://www.lonelyplanet.com/worldguide/nicaragua/


1990 -- Russia: 200,000 demonstrate for democratic reforms, Moskva.


1990 -- Bulgaria: 100,000 people demonstrate for the opposition.


1991 -- Warsaw Pact votes to dissolve after 35 years.


1991 -- Kuwait: More than 500 oil wellheads in Kuwait are afire; meanwhile Black rain falls for 10 hours in southeastern Turkey.


1993 -- India: 60,000 arrested to prevent a BJP demonstration.


1994 -- Israel: Jewish settler opens fire, kills 29 Palestinians praying in a mosque in Hebron. Oddly, Israeli government does not rush to declare martial law & bulldoze Jewish homes in response.

Baruch Goldberg, the American-born Orthodox Israeli doctor who murdered 29 Arabs with an automatic weapon & subsequently beaten to death, was proclaimed by some Jews to be kadosh (meaning "holy").

"Baruch Goldstein was the greatest Jew alive," declared a Jerusalem teacher, Samuel Hacohen. Rabbi Yaacov Perin, at Goldberg's funeral, announced that "One million Arabs are not worth a Jewish fingernail."

http://web.archive.org/web/20050307035355/http://massmurder.zyns.com/baruch_goldstein.html
http://www.jewishtribalreview.org/11cosmo.htm

1999 -- A Guatemalan report blames the military, the paramilitary & the US for most of the 200,000 deaths in the country's 36-year civil war.


1999 -- Korea: North Korean Woo Yong Gak, probably the world's longest-serving political prisoner, is released by South Korea after 41 years in solitary confinement.


2000 -- US: Four NYC cops are acquitted of murdering an unarmed black man, Amadou Diallo (they shot him 41 times on his own doorstep). "To Serve, Protect & in Bad Need of Target Practice..."


2002 --

Spain: Isabel Mesa Delgado (b.1913) dies. Militant anarcho-syndicalist, member of the CNT from the age of 14, secretary of Valencian Mujeres Libres &, following the defeat of the revolution, organized a clandestine resistance group & provided aid to prisoners & their families under the fascist dicatatorship. With the death of Franco Isabel, she helped with new libertarian projects, like Radio Klara & the ateneo "Al Margen." “I am daughter, granddaughter & biznieta of anarchists.” Dead at the age of 88, her coffin was draped with a black flag, as she wanted, with her true name stitched on it (rather than the alias "Carmen Delgado Palomares," which she adopted in 1941), & the song «A las barricadas» in accompaniment.

2006 -- A hermit no more, Science Fiction author Octavia Butler (1947-2006) dies, Seattle, Washington. African-American woman & lesbian. Winner of Hugo & Nebula awards, & the first sci-fi writer to receive a MacArthur Foundation "genius grant."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octavia_E._Butler


2006 -- US: Neo-Nazi march in Orlando, Florida's black community. Wearing swastikas & holding signs declaring "White Pride," 22 neo-Nazis are protected from 500 counterprotesters by about 300 police officers.

In 2007 it is revealed the provocation was organized by a paid FBI informant. Neo-Nazi Bill White (!), a former spokesman for the National Socialist Movement said Gletty did a lot for the cause, & American National Socialism has a lot to thank the FBI for. Black community leaders are outraged, but Andy Rosenkranz, state regional director for the neo-fascist Anti-Defamation League (ADL) applauded the FBI's action.

http://www.jonesreport.com/articles/150207_neo_nazi_fbi.html

3500 --

Let a new earth rise. Let another world be born. Let a bloody peace be written in the sky. Let a second generation full of courage issue forth; let a people loving freedom come to growth. Let a beauty full of healing & a strength of final clenching be the pulsing in our spirits & our blood. Let the martial songs be written, let the dirges disappear. Let a race of men now rise & take control.

     — Margaret Walker, "For My People"

http://www.writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/50s/walker-margaret.html

5000 --

---

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