>From alex Mon Sep 11 18:04:58 MSD 1995 THREE-SIDED EFFECT by Alexander V. Frolov INTRODUCTION The Theory for gravity as an induced effect that exists as superposition of another forces of Nature is developed mainly for the quantum level. This approach uses the term "zero-point fluctuation" to describe the process of virtual electron-positron pair creation and annihilation [1]. In the present paper, the author tries to find the reason for the existence of gravity without the application of quantum mechanics, since gravity displays itself mainly at the macrosystem level, as the gravitational field of a planet, for example. The conclusion was made that Conservation of Energy, in the general sense, is Conservation of the zero-point energy level, or Conservation of Rest. COMPENSATION OF GRAVITY The gravitational field can not be SCREENED by means of a shield like an electrical field ( the anti-matter version is not discussed here ) but there exists technology for the COMPENSATION of gravitation. It is the inertial propulsion method [2]. When a mass-object is moving along a circumference, a centrifugal force is created in all radial directions but there is no radial propulsion force created in this case. But if the trajectory of movement is asymmetrical, the acceleration in one part of it will differ from the acceleration in other parts. So, using the well known formula: F=Ma, where F-force M-mass a-acceleration This describes the process that demonstrates the second Newton Law: The action is equal to reaction, in general words. When action leads to acceleration the reaction force is created. Note, that this case is connected with the acceleration of curved-line motion. But in a general case we can find the demonstration of this Law in any area, and for linear movement also. When the velocity of a mass-object is increasing, the force against it is created also and we call it "the inertia". But there is the question: Did "inertia" exist "inside" of the body while it was at rest? In other words, is inertia the inner property of a mass-object or is inertia created when the energy of a body is increasing or decreasing? This question can be formulated for electromagnetic induction also. When action is created from the change of a magnetic field, a reaction is created also as an induced secondary field that springs up to compensate the primary change. So, electromagnetic induction can be considered as an analogy with inertia and does the question "Is inertia an inner property of a mass-object?" have the solution now: Like the version for the electromagnetic law of induction when the induced secondary field did not exist before a change in the primary field, the inertia can not exist as an inner property of the mass-object. In both cases this "secondary effect" is a property of space-time but not the mass-object or coil of wire. Note, that demonstration of this effect is defined by the value of mass or parameters of electromagnetic systems for certain cases. Also, the question of two masses ( inertial and rest ) does not exist since there is at-rest mass only, inertial mass is created or vanishes. In a special case, the G-mass can be compensated by inertial mass. The example was considered in old physics textbooks. When mass is rotating around a horizontal axis caused by centifugal force, there is no weight-effect of this mass on the axis. When modern scientists observed the decrease of weight for the rotating mass it is the same "old news". This means that weight (main G-force attracting the mass-object to the planet) is compensated by means of simple motion. So, without this motion the gravity exists as a result of another motion, of another process. In considering the connection between electricity and gravity, transformation of electrical power in gravity and possibility for the opposite transformation is developed now as "electrogravity". The analogy with the above approach is in asymmetry for the electrical potential field that can be created to get the propulsion force [3] or power [4]. But there is no motion in these electrostatical technologies and the only explanation is in the concepts of E. Whittaker [5] for the electrical potential field as a bi-directional flow of energy. By this conception, the inner structure of electric potential is created from two opposite and balanced parts: photons radiating from charged mass and anti-photons flowing into it. Note, that photons exist in direct time but anti-photons exist in reverse time. This oncoming flow of anti-photons is developing from Future time to Past time, from our point of view. Because of this, we can not observe the ordinary flow of photons in an electrical potential field; photons are balanced by anti-photons in the time axis. But according to Whittaker, they both exist in potential structure. If one half of the inner structure of an electric potential is changed when a potential is applied to make work and create power, the other half (reverse-time energy flow) must react to this change. So, compensation of time in the form of deceleration of the rate of time can take place here. Let's detail the term "time" as the other side of gravity. TIME AS A RADIUS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL CURVATURE So, let's suppose that a mass-object is moving along a curved trajectory and F = Ma is created in radial directions non-equally: in certain radial directions the trajectory is more curved than in other parts. The acceleration is asymmetrical as well as force. There is some linear propulsion force in this radial direction where the gradient of curvature exists. Now we have another question: Is the inertial propulsion system drive for non-reactive motion only (that allows us to create new, without-support non-reactive crafts) or is something else created here? The supposition is that it is impossible to create a propulsion force as motion IN SPACE ONLY by means of inertial the method. Systems working with the inner property of space-time ( inertia ) propulsion force have the time-direction component also. So, inertial propulsion systems must demonstrate some chronal effects. Let's consider the nature of time as spatial curvature since just the asymmetrical curved trajectory for a mass-object was considered above as the method for creation of a non-reactive propulsion force. So, for linear curvature, the formula is: p = 1/r ,where p is curvature [1/m] r is radius [ m ] In even curved surface the curvature is defined as p = 1/r + 1/r So, p = 2/r [1/m] Two formulas above you can find in any mathematical reference book. The case for curved three-dimensional space was not considered but in support of this analogy, the next formula is available here: p = 3/r [1/m] So, spatial curvature can be described by linear radius value and factor 3. Now let's find another analogy. For light as an electromagnetic wave there is the well-known formula: l = c/f [ m ] where l is wave length [ m ] c is velocity of light [m/s] f is frequency [1/s] The factor "c" is equal to 3 with some deviation. Let's assume that the two formulas above describe the same process. It is the process of the creation of space-time where time is a three-dimensional curvature only. It is the other side of the same coin: radius and curvature, but three-dimensional curvature can not be observed in 3-space, by definition of curvature. Note: We can observe and create the process for a line to curve in a circumference, or for a surface to curve it in a sphere. Also we can observe or create the time. The nature of time must be the same for a line, surface or 3-space. It is the process or change of space in direction that does not exist in this space. This direction can be created only in a new dimension. This new dimension for a line is the flat, and for a surface it is the 3-space. For 3-space, the new dimension is time. "The Action is Curvature of the World" wrote Pavel D. Ouspensky [6] and it means that when one tries to understand 3-curvature geometrically he makes a mistake. Action or process in time is 3-curvature. In physics any new property is created as the result of change of the old property: charge, current, induced magnetic field and so on. The new property is a new dimension. So, for frequency of oscillations the formula is: f = 3/l [1/s] where l - wave-lenght in [m] The velocity of light here is equal to 3. The mathematical degree e8 is omited since it is the question of scale of measurement only. So, the analogy between 3-curvature and frequency: p = 3/r [1/m] and f = 3/l [1/s] Three-dimensional radius: R = 1/p = r/3 [m] Time as period of oscillations: T = 1/f = l/3 [s] Time can be considered as equivalent of R if linear radius r and wave-lenght l are the same. It is condition for spatial resonance effect. Note, that "m" and "s" are not the same if the length in meters is measured in 3-space. But for a new dimension it is possible to use equal units for "m" of 4th dimension and the conventional "second". Also, light ( photons ) is possible in 3-space only as process in such sort spatial resonator. TIME AND ELECTRICAL CHARGE The time is an effect of three-dimensional ( spatial ) curvature for a certain mass-object. There is no absolute time without certain mass. There is a concept stating that "mass is time". Let's note, that in electricity the mass-analogy is charge and the Whittaker's bi-directional structure of potential explains the charge-time analogy. Please compare the formula for energy of a charged condenser: E = 1/2 ( C Uexp2) where E is energy of condenser C is capacity U is pressure ( voltage ) and the formula for kinetic energy: E = 1/2 ( M Vexp2) where E is energy of mass-object M is mass V is velocity The Time - Mass - Charge analogy is clear. CONCLUSIONS The time of our system is a result of the motion of the planet mass and certain calculations can demonstrate it. It is possible to find the correlation between parameters of motion of our planet and the structure of periodic law for chemical elements, however, it is not the goal of this paper. Note here the following: "curved space" is a term for the description of the process only. It is a certain process for a certain mass and mainly we observe the result of the mass-process of the Earth. There is the conception of "own space frequency" - OSF that defines all mass-processes of certain planets. This concept is developed in articles by Michael S. Eltsin, Russia, Moscow. Now we have a question of common sense: Can we observe a mass-object only if this mass-process has the same parameters ( the frequency ) like us? But what if there are some differences ? How to create the "chronal heterodyne" to observe another reality, real worlds existing for another OSF? It is connected with many anomalous phenomenons. The deviation of the velocity of light from factor 3 in our reality is the reason for discussion about the non-discrete but uninterrupted nature of dimensionality. This allow us to develop an approach for gradual change of dimensionality of space-time. Perhaps, inertial propulsion systems will prove it soon since non-reactive movement must be movement both in space and in time. For power systems, the non-reactive force means the possibility to create output power without reaction on the primary input power source. It is a well-known idea of the free energy or over-unit device, so call "perpetual mobile". And it is possible if the output power is a result of non-reactive force ( in electromagnetics or electrostatics also ) since the theory above explains the process of creation of time as spatial (three-dimensional) curvature. The free over-unity power can be created only jointly with the gravity/time effect. This approach allows development of a new concept for spacecraft. Before it, the anti-gravity drive was considered as a system that must consume tremendous power from the source, from on-board nuclear station, for example. But according to the three-sided effect, some systems can generate free over-unity power by means of transformation of the gravitational field. Such at power source is a gravity propulsion system also. So, to create gravity spacecraft it is not necessary to spend the power. There are problems for the transformation of generated power in heat and the utilization of it. So, it is the "three-sided effect" [7]. Power in a general sense can be considered as the result of a change of the form of energy. In over-unity cases output power can be considered as the result of the change of space-time parameters ( curvature of space and rate of time ). In this case the source of energy is the gravitational field or flow of time, from the other side. The Law of Conservation is true but it is necessary to generalize it for the multidimensional case. Before it, this Law was considered for three dimensions only and possibility the change of gravity and time was not considered in text-books. I'm sure that there are other theories which also interpret the Law of Conservation loosely. I offer the next formulation: < The total energy of a system is the sum of the energy of the < processes of space/time and the processes of space/reverse-time; < it is constant and it is equal to zero [8]. From this point of view, all that we can observe in the material world is only one half of the Universe since any power process is compensated by equal power anti-process in the reverse-time part of the Universe. It is Newton's second Law for action and reaction in multidimensional version. The system tries to keep at rest and the only way for it is the zero-point of the sum for equal and opposite processes. Any power can be created from zero, but jointly with the opposite process of the same power level, like the positron-electron pair. Note, there is the possibility for three equal processes, and jointly they create the zero-point level of energy. For many processes it is possible also and it is the base for a new science that operates not just with two (negative-positive, 1/0 and so on) information states [9]. For three-polarity "electricity", for example, it is A,B,C types of charges completed from positive - negative elements. The sum of A, B, C is equal to zero like sum of positive and negative charges. The Zero-point energetics approach is available for development of uninterrupted mentality also. New logic can avoid "yes-no" discrete solutions that allow finding the answer in the process of formulation of the question. The Zero-point conservation idea is not only a technical conception. Russian scientist N.A.Kozyrev [10] created "cause-effect" mechanics and experimentally demonstrated changes of the density of time ( cohesion of cause-effect connection ). By Kozyrev's theory and experiments, time is source of energy and living systems are using the flow of time as a vital energy source. The same principle explains the nature of energetics of stars, transforming energy from the flow of time to energy of light radiation. The most important aspect here is the possibility for control of cohesion and stability of cause-effect connections for any processes. Since Time is the rate of transformation of cause in effect, by Kozyrev, gravity propulsion systems must create changes in the casuality of the material world in the area of its operating. It means that the quantum world laws can act at macrosystem level for such sort systems creating local gravity/time. Alexander V. Frolov P.O.Box 37, St.-Petersburg, 193024, Russia. E-mail: alex@frolov.spb.su References: 1. H.E.Puthoff, The energetic vacuum: implications for energy research, Speculations in science and technology, vol.13, No.3, p.247. 2. Thomas Valone, Inertial propulsion... Newsletter of Planetary Association for Clean Energy, vol.7 No.1, p.6-12. Published by PACE, Inc. 100 Bronson Av.,Suite 1001, Ottawa, Ontario K1R 6G8, Canada. 3. Re NASA electrostatic levitation experiments and Thomas Townsend Brown's research look the Newsletter of Planetary Association for Clean Energy, vol.7 No.4.p.7. July, 1994. "Electrogravitics developments" reprinted from NEXUS Special. 4. "The Swiss Methernitha-Linden Converter", p.3-6. Space Energy Newsletter, June 1993, vol.4 No.2. Published by Space Energy Association, P.O.Box 11422, Clearwater, FL 34616, USA. My understanding of this electrostatic machine allows development of a simple scheme: self-rotating thanks to electrostatic forces disk and ordinary electrical generator connected with axis of disk. 5. Conception of Edmund Whittaker ( papers of 1903 -1904 ) is developed by T.E.Bearden in his book "Gravitobiology", published by Tesla Book Co., P.O.Box 121873, Chula Vista, CA 91912, USA. 6. P.D. Ouspensky, A New Model of the Universe, New York, 1971.p.433 in Russian edition of 1993. 7. Example of joint demonstration of "gravity/chronal/over-unit power" effect is invention of Ivan Stepanovitch Filimonenko of 1960. His version of cold fusion system produced: 1. Heat power 2. Motive force without fling back of mass 3. Influence on time-period of half-decay. Article of N.E.Zaev published in "Izobretatel i Razionalizator", Russia, No.1 1995, p.8-9. 8. Alexander V. Frolov, The Application of Potential Energy for Creation of Power, New Energy News, vol.2, No.1, May 1994. Published by Institute for New Energy, P.O.Box 58639, Salt Like City, UT 84158-8639, USA. 9. V.V.Lensky, General for Many-Polarity, Irkutsk, Russia, 1986. Published in Russian by Irkutsk University. 10. N.A.Kozyrev, Selected works, 1991, published by University of St.-Petersburg, in Russian. =========================================================== Any comments and critics are welcome. This article can be free published in any Newsletter, Magazine and so on. Please, send me copy if you re-print it in press. If somebody can offer help in experiments or job in research laboratory, please contact with me. Alexander V. Frolov P.O.Box 37, 193024, St.-Petersburg, Russia alex@frolov.spb.su --- Alexander V. Frolov email: alex@frolov.spb.su P. O. Box 37, St.-Petersburg, 193024, Russia """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""