Electrogravitics Reference List
Date: Fri, 1 Mar 1996 15:40:06 -0600 (CST)
From: Robert Stirniman
Subject: Updated Electrogravitics List
This file contains an electrogravitics reference
list, copied ad hoc from various other files
and sources, with commentary by yours truly.
Prepared by: Robert Stirniman (robert@wwa.com)
This Update: March 1, 1996
Danger Will Robinson! Some of the following information is serious,
and some is nonsense. Some of the things that might at first seem
to be nonsense, are not. And some things referenced below, which
come from serious credentialed scientists, are in fact nonsense.
Whatever the case, it's been included. Good luck sorting it out.
Understanding gravity is a matter of time.
SHORTCUTS
Internet Sites
Elektromagnum web site by David Jonsson:
http://www.newphys.se/elektromagnum/
KeelyNet:
http://www.keelynet.com/
http://www.newphys.se/elektromagnum/physics/KeelyNet/
Los Alamos National Lab Physics E-Print Archive:
http://xxx.lanl.gov/
Center for Gravitational Physics and Geometry:
http://vishnu.nirvana.phys.psu.edu/
Bill Beaty's Weird Science, Anomalous Physics, Free-Energy, Tesla Society:
http://www.eskimo.com/~billb/
http://www.eskimo.com/~billb/freenrg/antigrav.html
The Institute For New Energy, Patrick Bailey, homepage :
http://www.padrak.com/ine/
Digital Equipment Corp's Alta Vista web search engine. If
you can't find it with this, it ain't out there yet.
http://www.altavista.digital.com/
Elsevier Science. Search or browse the table of contents of more
than 900 science and technology journals. Data since early 1995.
http://www.elsevier.nl/cas/estoc/
Norman Redington's website, The Net Advance of Physics, recent
preprints and papers describing new developments in physics:
http://pobox.com/~redingtn
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University's Aerospace Virtual Library:
http://macwww.db.erau.edu/www_virtual_lib/aerospace.html
Jack R. Hunt Memorial Library (aerospace):
http://amelia.db.erau.edu/
American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics (AIAA) home page:
http://www-leland.stanford.edu/group/aiaa/national
NASA Langley Research Center Library:
http://blearg.larc.nasa.gov/library/larc-lib.html
NASA Scientific and Technical Information:
http://www.sti.nasa.gov/STI-homepage.html
University of Alabama at Hunstville. Dr Ning Li and Dr Douglas Torr.
Microgravity research consultants to NASA's Marshall Space Center.
http://isl-garnet.uah.edu/RR93/uahmatsci.html
The Microgravity Research Experiments (MICREX) Data Base
http://samson2.msfc.nasa.gov/fame/exps/kaw-sl3.html
Interstellar Propulsion Society:
http://www.digimark.net/ips/
National Science Foundation World Wide Web Server.
Find out where your science tax dollars are going.
http://stis.nsf.gov/
Nexus magazine web page:
http://www.peg.apc.org/~nexus/
Home page of New Scientist magazine:
http://www.newscientist.com/pstourist/index.html
The Farce of Physics:
http://www.germany.eu.net/books/farce
The World Wide Web Virtual Library: Sumeria/Technology
http://lablinks.com/sumeria/tech.html
The Society for the Advancement of Autodynamics website:
http://www.webcom.com/~saa
Popular Mechanics' Tech Update Article Archive:
http://popularmechanics.com/cgi-bin/wais.pl
Fortean web site:
http://www.clas.ufl.edu/anthro/fortpages.html.
Homepage of Apeiron Magazine:
http://montreal.aei.ca:80/~apeiron/
Borderland Sciences Research Foundation ftp site:
ftp: northcoast.com/pub/bsrf
Homepage of the International Society of Unified Science,
for advancing the Reciprocal System Theory of Dewey B. Larson:
http://infox.eunet.cz/interpres/sr/isus/index.html
Frank Lofaro's homepage, including alternative science links,
and two articles by Whittaker written in 1903 and 1904 about
scalar field theory and free energy:
http://www.unlv.edu/~ftlofaro/
Homepage of the Oppositely Charged Twin Monopole (OCTM) theory
of matter, "Gravity is a Push", US patent number 5,377,936:
http://www.epicom.com/gravitypush
Dr Eujin Jeong's Dipole Theory of Gravity homepage:
http://www.realtime.net/~ejeong
Levesque's (laurent@ee.umanitoba.ca) web site:
http://www.ee.umanitoba.ca/~laurent
UFOs and the New Physics:
http://www.hia.com/hia/pcr/ufo.html
-----------------------------------------------------------------
There is a fairly large body of evidence which supports the idea
of a strong relationship, and possibly an equivalent fundamental
source, for electromagnetism and gravitation. Many references to this
effect are contained in this resource list. But for now, let's forget
about the experimental evidence and theoretical ideas which are
presented here, and begin with first principles.
What if our knowledge of physics had evolved differently?
What if no one had ever given a thought to any theory of gravitation,
before we discovered the principles and theories of electromagnetics
and the two nuclear forces. We might have developed some fairly good
theories which unify the "three" forces. We would know that clumps of
matter are held together primarily by electromagnetic forces. And we
would find experimentally that if we separate some of these clumps of
matter, a small force continues to exist which trys to bring them back
together. Would it seem rational to speculate that this force is something
entirely new and completely different from electromagnetics? Would it
not be a great foolishness to invent something new and call it gravity
and claim that it has no relationship with the known forces, and then
write elaborate mathematical theories which describe it solely as geometry?
Or, would it be more rational to see it as what it probably is --
a manifestation of the electromagnetic forces which we already know
to hold matter together?
Could it be that electric charge is a fundamental thing, and inertial
mass is merely a shadow of something primal, and what we know as a
gravitational field is merely the net result of other primary fields?
Geometrize it if you find it useful to do so, but please recognize that
defining gravity as geometry lends no information to the understanding
of its cause.
Of all the forces we know, there is none stronger than a paradigm.
-- Robert Stirniman
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GENERAL RELATIVITY & QUANTUM COSMOLOGY, ABSTRACT GR-QC/9512027
From: kldalton@cs.clemson.edu
Date: Tue, 12 Dec 1995 11:30:30 -0500
Author(s): Kenneth Dalton
Journal-ref: Hadronic J. 17 (1994) 483-501
Hypothesis: The electromagnetic field is the source of gravitation.
This treatment of gravitation is consistent with the quantum theory
of matter, which holds that electric charge (or `generalized
charge') is the most fundamental attribute of matter. Experimental
predictions of the theory include: (1) any massive body generates a
time-dependent gravitational field; (2) there is a linear
correlation between the gravitational red-shift of a stellar source
and the energy of cosmic rays emitted by that source, given by $
{\Delta \nu}/{\nu_0} = energy (eV)/10^{27} $; (3) the maximum energy
of cosmic rays is $ 10^{27} $ eV; (4) this limit is associated with
an infinitely red-shifted stellar object, an ``electrostatic
black-hole,'' at the potential $ c^2/G^{1/2} = 10^{27} $ volts.
Finally, the theory predicts that the gravitational potential near
any charged elementary particle is many orders of magnitude greater
than the Newtonian value.
HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS - THEORY, ABSTRACT HEP-TH/9601066
From: Kenichi Horie
Date: Sat, 13 Jan 1996 14:41:29 +0900
Geometric Interpretation of Electromagnetism in a Gravitational Theory with
Torsion and Spinorial Matter
Author(s): Kenichi Horie (KEK Japan)
Comments: Ph.D. thesis, 98 pages, LaTeX file, ca 276kB
Possible geometric frameworks for a unified theory of gravity and
electromagnetism are investigated: General relativity is enlarged by
allowing for an arbitrary complex linear connection and by
constructing an extended spinor derivative based on the complex
connection. Thereby the spacetime torsion not only is coupled to the
spin of fermions and causes a four-fermion contact interaction, but
the non-metric vector-part of torsion is also related to the
electromagnetic potential. However, this long-standing relation is
shown to be valid only in a special U(1) gauge, and it is a formal
consequence of the underlying extended geometry.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Salem, Kenneth G.
The new gravity : a new force, a new mass, a new acceleration : unifying
gravity with light / Kenneth G. Salem. 1st ed. Johnstown, PA : Salem Books,
c1994. xiii, 181 p. : ill. ; 22 cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: QC794.6.G7 S26 1994
SUBJECTS: Unified field theories. Gravitation. Electromagnetic interactions.
ISBN: 0962539813
Green, James A.
Gravitation & the electroform model : from general relativity to unified
field theory / by James A. Green. 7th ed. [Wichita, Kan.] : Greenwood
Research, c1994. 33 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: QC178 .G68 1994
SUBJECTS: Gravitation. Unified field theories. Astrophysics.
"Wichita State University Physics Graduate Seminar, Dec.1993 and Dec. 1994"
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Another very interesting research on anti-gravity is done (and still
going on) by the Japanese prof. Shinishi SEIKE. He published his
findings in the book " The Principles of Ultra Relativity ".
For his highly mathematical (no nonsense) book write to:
Shinichi SEIKE
G Research Institute
Box 33
UWAJIMA/Ehime (798)
JAPAN
Patents for anti-gravity devices and systems have been issued to
Brown, Hooper, Wallace, and others.
US Patents Awarded to Townsend Brown --
300,311 T.T.Brown Nov. 15, 1928 A Method of and an Apparatus
or Machine for Producing Force
or Motion
1,974,483 T.T.Brown Sept. 25, 1934 Electrostatic Motor
2,949,550 T.T.Brown Aug. 16, 1960 Electrokinetic Apparatus
3,022,430 T.T.Brown Feb. 20, 1962 Electrokinetic Generator
3,187,206 T.T.Brown June 1, 1965 Electrokinetic Apparatus
3,296,491 T.T.Brown Jan. 3, 1967 Method and Apparatus for Produc-
ing Ions and Electrically-Charged
Aerosols
3,518,462 T.T.Brown June 30, 1970 Fluid Flow Control System
______________________________________________________________________
Dr. late William J. Hooper, BA, MA, PhD in Physics was affiliated with
the University of California at Berkley, and was Professor Emeritus,
when he died in 1971. His works are documented and he gained two U.S.
patents for his "ALL-ELECTRIC MOTIONAL FIELD GENERATOR".
He claimed use of the "Motional Electric Field" to produce gravity and
anti-gravity for use in SPACECRAFT and AIRCRAFT. Indeed, in U.S. patent
#3,610,971 you can see a Flying Saucer diagram is used as an example
in Figure 7.
-- James Hartman, CaluNET Future Science Administrator
US Patent #3,610,971. "All Electric Motional Electric Field Generator",
Awarded to William Hooper, April 1969
US Patent # 3,656,013. "Apparatus for Generating Motional Electric Field",
Awarded to William Hooper, April 1972
Hooper, W. J. (1974). New Horizons in Electric, Magnetic and
Gravitational Field Theory, Electrodynamic Gravity, Inc. 1969
Frances G. Gibson, "THE ALL-ELECTRIC FIELD GENERATOR AND ITS POTENTIAL",
Electrodynamic Gravity, Inc., 1983
"Electric Propulsion Study", Dr. Dennis Cravens, SAIC Corp,
prepared for USAF Astronautics Lab at Edwards AFB, August 1990
-- Section 3.7 Non-Inductive Coils
Several authors have suggested that v x B term in the Lorentz
expression should be called into question. Several unverified
experimental results have ever been made. An experiment is
suggested to test one or several of these theoretical views.
This is an area where the experimental procedure is workable
and the outcome could have direct results in the area of inertia
forces.
During the late 60's William J. Hooper put forth an interesting
theory involving the v x B terms dynamic electrical circuits.
There was and is uncertainty as to the exact physical understanding
of the Biot-Savart-Lorentz law and Ampere's law involving the set
of reaction forces. Peter Graneau has studied these expressions.
Hoopers view was that there are three different types of electric
fields due to the distribution of electric field, and two due
to induction.
At the heart of the issue is the connection of the magnetic field
and its source in the charged particles. EM theory is presently
consistent with the idea that spinning magnetic dipoles create
effects indistinguishable from charged particles. There has been
no critical experiment which can disprove whether a magnetic flux
rotates with its source. If it does co-move with its source then
it is logical to assume that a motional electric field in a fixed
reference frame of the current induces a magnetic field. This
concept is likewise consistent with a field-free interpretation
such as Ampere's original laws.
(with 4 pages more about Hooper's theories)
FREE FALL OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES: ON MOVING BODIES AND THEIR
ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCES, by Nils Rognerud 1994 (nils@ccnet.com)
(available at the elektromagnum web site)
This paper is a review of the problem of the observable action of
gravitational forces on charged particles. The author discusses the
induced electric fields and the sometimes overlooked unique physical
properties. He analyzes several experiments, showing the reality of
the induced electric fields. The current interpretation, based on the
idea of only one electric field, with certain characteristics, is
compared with alternative approaches.
The Hooper Coil:
The author has tested a setup by pulsing strong currents, opposite and
equal, through multiple parallel conductors. The configuration of the
conductors in this type of experiment will cancel the B-fields, while
still producing an Em field, in accordance with Eq. 4.2. This is
similar to an experiment by Hooper (W. J. Hooper), who successfully
predicted and measured the motional electric field - all in zero
resultant B-field.
Interestingly, all of the above experiments can influence an electron
with a zero B-field, in the region of the electron. This has some
profound implications - one of which is that the motional electric
force field is immune to electrostatic or magnetic shielding.
Experimentally, it can be confirmed that the motional electric field
is immune to shielding and follows the boundary conditions of the
magnetic (not electric) field. The only way to shield a motional
electric field is to use a magnetic shield around the source of the
magnetic flux - containing it at the source. These effects are not
startling if one remembers that the motional electric field is a
magnetic effect and that a magnetic field has a different boundary
condition than the electric field.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
US Patent #3626605 -- "Method and Apparatus for Generating
a Secondary Gravitational Force Field"
Awarded to Henry Wm Wallace of Ardmore PA Dec 14, 1971
US Patent #3626606 -- "Method and Apparatus for Generating a
Dynamic Force Field"
Awarded to Henry Wm Wallace of Ardmore PA Dec 14, 1971
US Patent #3823570 -- "Heat Pump" (based on technology
similar to the above two inventions)
Awarded to Henry Wm Wallace of Freeport NY July 16, 1973
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Gravity is a PUSH!
United States Patent Number 5,377,936
NET KINETIC ENERGY DIFFERENTIAL GUIDANCE AND PROPULSION SYSTEM FOR
SATELLITES AND SPACE VEHICLES
------------------------------------------------------------------------
In the early 1960s, Erwin Saxl conducted a series of experiments which
seemed to illustrate a non-zero coupling between EM and gravitational
fields. He claimed to see a change in the period of a torque pendulum
when its electric potential was raised.
US Patent # 3357253 -- "Device and Method for Measuring Gravitational
and Other Forces", awarded to E.J. Saxl, December 1967
"An Electrically Charged Torque Pendulum", by E.J. Saxl,
Nature 203, Page 136, July 11 1963.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
US patent number #5,076,971.
Barker places radioactive elements inside the sphere of a
Van de Graaff generator, runs it at a negative potential for several
minutes/hours/days -- and finds that the rate of radioactive decay
is extremely enhanced -- with some relationship to the magnitude of
the negative potential.
The principal investigator undertook a series of experiments to test
the "Barker effect" and the "Keller Catalytic Process" in changing the
rate of radioactive decay of heavy elements (elements heavier than
lead, such as radium, thorium, or uranium, all of which are
radioactive). Barker claims that subjecting radioactive materials to
high electrostatic potentials (50,000 volts to 500,000 volts) can
increase or decrease the rate of radioactive decay, with short
exposures of the high voltage capable of inducing erratic decay rates
which slowly return to normal over a period of weeks. Keller claims
that subjecting radioactive materials to the high heat and fusing
reaction of a chemical process (Keller Catalytic Process) can
eliminate the radioactivity completely.
-- Michael Mandeville http://www.aa.net/~mwm/dexmrad1.html
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Carr, Otis (1959). "Amusement Device," (i.e. A Flying Saucer),
US Patent No. 2,912,244.
Otis Carr's work involved counter-rotating charged discs that
supposedly produced thrust when they reached a certain speed in
relation the the earth's rotational speed and became activated by
free energy from space. Maybe he did have something."
-- James E. Cox
Carr's work is similar in some respects to Hooper's inventions. In both
cases, an anti-gravitational effect is reported to result from equal and
opposite electric currents. Furthermore, one of Hooper's embodiments, the
pancake coil, has an uncanny resemblance to the gravitational shielding
experiments which were recently conducted in Tampere Finland (1992 and 1995).
Except that in the Tampere experiments, the equal and opposite current is
generated in a superconductor disk by way of the Meissner effect. Will we
soon begin to recognize value of the discoveries that Carr made nearly 40
years ago, and Hooper made over 25 years ago?
-- Robert Stirniman
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF HOOPER'S GRAVITY-ELECTROMAGNETIC COUPLING CONCEPT
National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Lewis Research Center,
Cleveland, OH. MILLIS, MARC G. WILLIAMSON, GARY SCOTT JUN. 1995 12 PAGES
Presented at the 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, San Diego CA,
10-12 Jul. 1995; sponsored by AIAA, ASME, SAE, and ASEE NASA-TM-106963
E-9719 NAS 1.15:106963 AIAA PAPER 95-2601 Avail: CASI HC A03/MF A01
Experiments were conducted to test assertions from Patent 3,610,971, by W.J.
Hooper that self-canceling electromagnetic coils can reduce the weight of
objects placed underneath. No weight changes were observed within the
detectability of the instrumentation. More careful examination of the patent
and other reports from Hooper led to the conclusion that Hooper may have
misinterpreted thermal effects as his 'Motional Field' effects. There is a
possibility that the claimed effects are below the detection thresholds of
the instrumentation used for these tests.
CASI Accession Number: N95-28893
I have two problems with the methodology used by the NASA scientists in
the above experiment.
First -- The amount of ampere-turns used in the NASA experiment was
substantially lower than the amount used by Hooper. Hooper found that
his effect increased in proportion the square of the current. If you
were motivated to verify that the Hooper effect exists, would you not
try to conduct the experiment with MORE current, rather than less?
Second -- NASA conducted it's tests by energizing the coils and making
measurements in an immediate on-off mode, rather than letting things
run for a while as Hooper did. NASA's reason for doing this was to
avoid errors due to thermal effects. This makes sense. But what does
not make sense is that if you are trying to verify an original experiment
and you make changes, you have an obligation to also conduct the
experiment in it's original mode. To do otherwise is bad science.
But what could be wrong with testing things in an immediate on-off mode?
Well, it can be seen in other experiments that a gravitational effect
sometimes results from macroscopic spin alignment of the quantum
angular momentum of a large number of microscopic particles. It has
been demonstrated in other experiments that it takes time for these
particles to come into alignment. For example in the inventions of
Henry Wallace it sometimes took minutes for the "kinemassic" gravito-
magnetic field to fully manifest itself. The reason that it takes time
for particles to come into alignment, could be much the same reason that
it takes time to permanently magnetize a magnet. Wallace found that the
"kinemassic" effect occurs with elemental materials which have a component
of unpaired spin in the atomic nucleus. This includes all common isotopes
of copper, which of course is the material used in Hooper's coils.
Incidently, NASA essentially has an economic monopoly in the lucrative
market for microgravity materials research.
-- Robert Stirniman
------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Hooper effect can be readily demonstrated in the "Two Moving
Magnets Experiment". In this experiment, magnetic flux is provided by
equal strength opposite pole magnets, moving uniformly in opposite
directions. The induced motional electric field that is generated
in a conductor, is found to be twice that which would result from
a single magnet, while remarkably, the sum of the magnetic B field
is zero. This experiment is easy to setup and verify in any electronics
laboratory with a pair of magnets, a wire, and a voltmeter. In fact,
you may wrap the conductor, in electrostatic or magnetic shielding,
and find the same result.
-- Nils Rognerud
Oleg Jefimenko, "Causality, Electromagnetic Induction, and Gravitation",
Electret Scientific, Star City, (1992)
Oleg Jefimenko, "Force Exerted on a Stationary Charge by a Moving
Electric Current or a Moving Magnet", American Journal of Physics,
Vol 61, pages 218-222 (1993)
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Apparently, there are some VERY interesting clues to the nature of the
universe that are related to the phenomenon of SPIN. It might get very
interesting if someone were to make a project of assembling in one place
all the information that has been observed, alleged, suspected, or
speculated about concerning unexpected effects related to spin, along
with all the traditional Newtonian results, stir, add some seasoning,
and see what comes out.
For example, in quantum mechanics, if you want to measure the spin axis
of an electron, you do an experiment in which you ASSUME an axis, make a
measurement of the correlation (the dot product) of that axis with
the actual axis of spin for that electron, and theory says you can
determine at least how close your guess was.
It was a major surprise for the first expermienters with this to find that
the guess was always right: whatever spin axis you assume turns out to be
correct, exactly dead accurate. You must be a VERY good guesser. Out of
this experimental result came the concept of "isospin". Which in itself
is kind of weird in that objects with zero radius can still exhibit spinx.
But I find the idea that the spin is wherever you guess it might be to be
even weirder and to need a better model that predicts this result.
-- John Sangster
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Paper: gr-qc/9311036
From: jaegukim@cc.kangwon.ac.kr
Date: Tue, 30 Nov 93 13:47:52 +0900
Gravitational Field of a Moving Spinning Point Particle,
by Jaegu Kim, 7 pages,
The gravitational and electromagnetic fields of a moving charged
spinning point particle are obtained in the Lorentz covariant form
by transforming the Kerr--Newman solution in Boyer--Lindquist
coordinates to the one in the coordinate system which resembles the
isotropic coordinates and then covariantizing it. It is shown that
the general relativistic proper time at the location of the particle
is the same as the special relativistic one and the gravitational
and electromagnetic self forces vanish.
Jaegu Kim, "Gravitational Field of a Moving Point Particle", Journal
of the Korean Physical Society, Vol 27 No 5, Oct 94, Pages 484-492
Jaegu Kim, "Gravitational Field of a Moving Spinning Point Particle",
Journal of the Korean Physical Society, Vol 27 No 5, Oct 94, Pages 479-483
In the above papers, Dr. Kim derives solutions for the Einstein-Maxwell
equations for: a charged massless point particle, a point particle having
mass but no charge, a point particle having mass and charge, a massless
point particle with charge and spin, and finally -- a point particle having
charge, mass, and spin. He determines that there is a region of space
around a charged spinning mass in which the gravitational force is negative.
The ability to generate a negative gravity effect may come as no surprise
to experimenters who have worked with Bose-Einstein condensates, superfluids,
or superconductor material in which the angular momentum of quantum level
particles can become aligned along a "macroscopic" spin axis. And it is
probably also not a surprise to those who have looked at devices such as
the inventions of Henry Wallace, in which a macroscopic body is mechanically
spun at high speed in order to cause a "kinemassic" gravito-magnetic field
due to spin alignment of the nucleus of elemental materials having an odd
number of nucleons (un-paired spin).
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Paper: GR-QC/9504023
Date: Mon, 17 Apr 1995 10:43:50 +0900
Title: Pure spin-connection formulation of gravity and classification
of energy-momentum tensors
Author: Mathias PILLIN
Report-no: YITP/U-95-12
It is shown how the different irreducibility classes of the
energy-momentum tensor allow for a pure spin-connection formulation.
Ambiguities in this formulation especially concerning the need for
constraints are clarified.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
From: R.Bursill@sheffield.ac.uk (R Bursill)
Subject: Hi Tc SC and gravitational shielding
Date: Fri, 6 Oct 1995 03:14:41 GMT
Is anyone familiar with the experiments in Tampere Finland, by
Podkletnov et al on weak gravitational shielding from a Meissner
levitating, rotating disk of high-Tc superconducting material?
The paper is: E. Podkletnov and R. Nieminen, Physica C 203 (1992) 441.
E. Podkletnov and A. D. Levit have another paper now, a Tampere
University of Technology report, January 1995 (Finland),
the experiment having being repeated (I assume no one
believed it the first time?).
In the 1st experiment a 5 g sample of silicon dioxide was found
to loose around 0.05 % of its weight when placed at a distance of
15 mm from the SC disk. The SC disk had diameter 145 mm and thickness
6 mm. Under rotation of the disk the effect increased up to 0.3 %.
In the 2nd experiment samples of different composition and
weight (10-50 g) were placed at distances of 25 mm to 1.5 m from
the disk. The mass loss went as high as around 2 %.
I found out about this through a theoretical preprint by Giovanni
Modanese, a Von Humboldt Fellow from the Max Plank institute. The
preprint no. is MPI-PhT/95-44, May 1995. A colleage got it from
hep-th@babbage.sissa.it, paper 9505094. Modanese thinks that it is
something to do with the bose condensate from the SC interacting
with the gravitational field. He uses some non-perturbative quantum
theory on the Regge lattice to attempt to understand the effect.
Must be a little bit like explaining cold fusion with the standard
tools - couldn't be done. We all know what happened to cold fusion
but at the time a professor from my department said in a public
lecture that the product of the believability and the potential
importance if true was of order 1.
- Robert Bursill
-------------------------------------------------------------------
E. Podkletnov and R. Nieminen, "A Possibility of Gravitational
Force Shielding by Bulk YBa2Cu3O7-x Superconductor",
Physica C 203 (1992) pp 441-444.
E. Podkletnov and A.D. Levi, "Gravitational Shielding Properties
of Composite Bulk YBa2Cu3O7-x Superconductor Below 70 C Under
Electro-Magnetic Field", Tampere University of Technology report
MSU-95 chem, January 1995.
HEP-TH/9505094
Theoretical analysis of a reported weak gravitational shielding effect
Author: G. Modanese (Max-Planck-Institut, Munich)
Report-no: MPI-PhT/95-44 May 1995
Under special conditions (Meissner-effect levitation and rapid
rotation) a disk of high-Tc superconducting material has recently
been found to produce a weak shielding of the gravitational field.
We show that this phenomenon has no explanation in the standard
gravity theories, except possibly in the non-perturbative quantum
theory on the Regge lattice. More data, and independent repetitions
of the experiment are however necessary.
ABSTRACT SUPR-CON/9601001
From: Modanese Giovanni
Date: Wed, 17 Jan 1996 21:54:45 +0100 (MET)
Updating the analysis of Tampere's weak gravitational shielding experiment
Author: Giovanni Modanese
Report-no: UTF-367/96
The most recent data about the weak gravitational shielding produced
in Tampere by Podkletnov and coworkers through a levitating and
rotating HTC superconducting disk show a very weak dependence of the
shielding value ($\sim 1 \%$) on the height above the disk. We show
that whilst this behaviour is incompatible with an intuitive
vectorial picture of the shielding, it is consistently explained by
our theoretical model. The expulsive force observed at the border of
the shielded zone is due to energy conservation.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
NASA is conducting experiments similar to the anti-gravity shielding
experiments done in Tampere Finland. A scientist named Ning Li at the
University of Alabama Huntsville, is reported to be consulting with NASA.
She has written some interesting articles about the relationship between
superconductors and gravtiation. Here are references to some of her
published articles, and a few related items:
AUTHOR(s): Li, Ning and Torr, D.G.
TITLE(s) Effects of a Gravitomagnetic Field on pure superconductors
In: Phys. Rev. D,
JAN 15 1993 v 43 n 2 Page 457
AUTHOR(s): Torr, Douglas G. Li, Ning
TITLE(s): Gravitoelectric-Electric Coupling via Superconductivity.
In: Foundations of physics letters.
AUG 01 1993 v 6 n 4 Page 371
AUTHOR(s): Li, Ning and Torr, D.G.
TITLE(s): Gravitational effects on the magnetic attenuation of
superconductors.
In: Physical review. b, condensed matter.
SEP 01 1992 v 46 n 9 Page 5489
AUTHOR(s): Peng, Huei
TITLE(s): A New Approach to Studying Local Gravitomagnetic Effects on
a Superconductor.
In: General relativity and gravitation.
JUN 01 1990 v 22 n 6 Page 609
AUTHOR(s): Mashhoon, Bahram Paik, Jung Ho Will, Clifford M.
TITLE(s): Detection of the gravitomagnetic field using an orbiting
superconducting gravity gradiometer. Theoretical principles.
In: Physical review. D, Particles and fields.
MAY 15 1989 v 39 n 10 Page 2825
I haven't had the opportunity to read the articles by Drs. Li and Torr,
but I am told that in one of her articles, Dr Li provides the following
interesting comment --
" a detectable gravitomagnetic field, and in the presence of a
time-dependent applied magnetic vector potential field, a
detectable gravitoelectric field could be produced"
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
There is also some information about Dr Ning Li at:
http://isl-garnet.uah.edu/RR93/uahmatsci.html
Dr Li is with the Applied Materials Lab at the University of Alabama
at Huntsville. She works closely with Dr Douglas Torr. One of their primary
interests is development and production of exotic materials in a microgravity
environment -- a peculiar coincidence, or maybe not, with the writing
of physical theories about how to produce anti-gravity in the laboratory.
Here's an unusual article from the website.
---------------
Can gravity be 'made' in the laboratory?
A theory that might lead to the creation of measurable manmade
gravitational fields has been developed by physicists at UAH.
If the theoretical work is borne out in the laboratory, it will prove
that physicist Albert Einstein was correct in predicting that moving
matter generates two kinds of gravitational fields: gravito-magnetic
and gravito-electric. The 'artificial' gravitational field would be
generated inside a container made of a superconducting material, said
Dr. Douglas Torr, a research professor of physics and director of
UAH's Optical Aeronomy Laboratory. "I think we can at the very least
generate a microscopic field ..." If Einstein was right, the amount of
gravito-magnetic energy produced by an object is proportional to its
mass and its movement, explained Dr. Ning Li, a research scientist in
UAH's Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research. To create the
artificial gravitational fields, Torr and Li propose placing a
superconducting container in a magnetic field to align ions that are
spinning or rotating in tiny circles inside the superconducting
material. Their theory predicts the existence of ionic spin or
rotation in a superconductor in a magnetic field.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
There are persistent rumors among UFO-buffs that NASA already has an
operating microgravity chamber, located in Houston TX and/or Huntsville AL.
One person, Robert Oechsler, reports that he has personally been inside
NASA's antigrav chamber. But, that's another story. For more info, see
the books "Alien Contact" and "Alien Update" by Timothy Good.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Paper: hep-th/9412243
From: Vu.Ho@sci.monash.edu.au
Date: Sat, 31 Dec 1994 17:06:38 +1100
Title: Gravity as a coupling of two electromagnetic fields
Author: Vu B Ho
A discussion on a possibility to represent gravity as a coupling of
two equal and opposite electrogmanetic fields. Classically the
existence of equal and opposite electromagnetic fields can be
ignored altogether. However, the problem can be viewed differently
if we want to take into account possible quantum effects. We know
that in quantum mechanics the potentials themselves may be significant
and they may determine the dynamics of a particle in a region where
the fields vanish. (Aharonov and Bohm 1959, Peshkin and Tonomura 1983)
AN EXPERIMENT TO TEST THE GRAVITATIONAL AHARONOV-BOHM EFFECT
Ho, Vu B. Morgan, Michael J. Monash University, Clayton, Victoria,
Australia 1994 8 PAGES, Australian Journal of Physics
(ISSN 0004-9506) vol. 47, no. 3 1994 p. 245-252 HTN-95-92507
The gravitational Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect is examined in the weak-field
approximation to general relativity. In analogy with the electromagnetic AB
effect, we find that a gravitoelectromagnetic 4-vector potential gives rise
to interference effects. A matter wave interferometry experiment, based on a
modification of the gravity-induced quantum interference experiment of
Colella, Overhauser and Werner (COW), is proposed to explicitly test the
gravitoelectric version of the AB effect in a uniform gravitational field.
CASI Accession Number: A95-87327
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
I recommend you get a copy of Aharonov and Bohm's classic paper
"Significance of Electromagnetic Potentials in the Quantum Theory"
published in The Physical Review in 1959. One of the important things
that Aharonov and Bohm did was to demonstrate that the electromagnetic
potentials are richer in properties than the Maxwell fields. The field
is an artifical mathematical construct from which emerges the whole idea
of a continuum. When you can wean yourself of this intellectual crutch
you will be ready to do real physics. Both GR and QM are addicted to
the same falsehood.
-- Charles Cagle
In the Aharonov-Bohm effect it has been determined theortically and
experimentally that there is a measurable effect on a charged particle
due to the electromagnetic vector potential. Which of course would be no
surprise, except that the effect occurs even in areas of space where
the value of the classical electromagnetic fields vanish. A quantum
phase shift, detectable via particle interferometry, is found to occur
due to the magnetic vector potential A. The effect on a charged particle
occurs in regions which are completely shielded from classical
electromagnetic fields.
A dual of the Aharonov-Bohm effect is the Aharonov-Casher effect,
where it is shown that measurable effects of spin-precession of a
particle's magnetic moment can occur due to the electric potential,
even in areas of space where the classical electrical field is
completely absent.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Prior to the revolutionary paper by Aharonov and Bohm in 1959, the
importance of the electomagnetic potential and related interferometry
effects, was suggested in articles by Edmund Whittaker in 1903 and 1904.
And, what is now known as the Aharonov-Bohm effect, was explicitly
identified in an earlier paper on electron optics by Ehrenberg and
Siday in 1949.
E.T. Whittaker, "On the partial differential equations of mathematical
physics," Mathematische Annalen, Vol 57, 1903, pages 333-355.
In this paper Whittaker demonstrates that all scalar EM potentials have
an internal, organized, bidirectional EM plane-wave structure. Thus
there exists an electromagnetics that is totally internal to the scalar
EM potential. Since vacuum/spacetime is scalar potential, then this
internal EM is in fact "internal" to the local potentialized vacuum/
spacetime.
-- Tom Bearden
E.T. Whittaker, "On an expression of the electromagnetic field due to
electrons by means of two scalar potential functions," Proceedings of
the London Mathematical Society, Series 2, Vol 1, 1904, pages 367-372.
In this paper Whittaker shows that all of classical electromagnetics
can be replaced by scalar potential interferometry. This ignored paper
anticipated the Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect by 55 years, and drastically
extended it as well. Indeed, it prescribes a macroscopic AB effect that
is distance-independent, providing a direct and engineerable mechanism
for action-at-a-distance. It also provides a testable hidden-variable
theory that predicts drastically new and novel effects.
-- Tom Bearden
W. Ehrenberg and R. W. Siday, Proc. Phys. Soc. London, B62, 8 (1949)
Ten years earlier than Aharonov and Bohm, Ehrenberg and Siday
formulated the science of electron optics by defining the electron
refractive-index as a function of electromagnetic potential. Near the
end of their paper, they discuss "a curious effect", which is exactly the
AB effect. On the two sides of a magnetic flux, the vector potential has
different values. This means a different refractive index for two
geometrically equivalent paths. This difference in refractive index
would cause an observable phase shift.
-- Jun Liu
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Y. Aharonov and D. Bohm, "Significance of Electromagnetic Potentials
in the Quantum Theory," Physical Review, Second Series, Vol 115 no 3,
pages 485-491 (1959)
Effects of potentials on charged particles exist even in the region
where all the fields (and therefore the forces on the particles) vanish,
contrary to classical electrodynamics. The quantum effects are due to
the phenomenon of interference. These effects occur in spite of Faraday
shielding. The Lorentz force does not appear anywhere in the fundamental
quantum theory, but appears only as an approximation that holds in the
classical limit. In QM, the fundamental physical entities are the
potentials, while the fields are derived from them by differentiation.
Herman Erlichson, "Aharonov-Bohm Effect and Quantum Effects on Charged
Particles in Field-Free Regions," American Journal of Physics,
Vol 38 No 2, Pages 162-173 (1970).
M. Danos, "Bohm-Aharonov effect. The quantum mechanics of the electrical
transformer," American Journal of Physics, Vol 50 No 1, pgs 64-66 (1982).
Bertram Schwarzschild, "Currents in normal-metal rings exhibit
Aharonov-Bohm Effect," Physics Today, Vol 39 No 1, pages 17-20 (Jan 1986)
S. Olariu and I. Iovitzu Popescu, "The quantum effects of electromagnetic
fluxes," Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol 57 No2, April 1985.
Yoseph Imry and Richard Webb, "Quantum Interference and the Aharonov-
Bohm Effect", Scientific American, April 1989, pages 56-62
E. Merzbacher, "Single Valuedness of Wave Functions", American Journal
of Physics, Vol 30 No 4, pages 237-247 (April 1962)
Yoseph Imry, "The Physics of Mesoscopic Systems", Directions in Condensed
Matter Physics, World Scientific Publishing (1986)
Richard Webb and Sean Washburn, "Quantum Interference Fluctuations
in Disordered Metals", Physics Today, Vol 41 No 12 pages 46-53, Dec 1989
"STAR WARS NOW! The Bohm-Aharonov Effect, Scalar Interferometry, and
Soviet Weaponization" By T. E. Bearden, Tesla Book Company
Peshkin M. and Lipkin H.J. "Topology, Locality, and Aharonov-Bohm
Effect with Neutrons" Physical review letters APR 10 1995 v 74 n 15
Yakir Aharonov and Ady Stern, "Origin of the geometric forces
accompanying Berry's geometric potentials", Physical Review letters.
DEC 21 1992 v 69 n 25 Page 3593
Yakir Aharonov, Jeeva Anandan, and Sandu Popescu, "Superpositions of
time evolutions of a quantum system and a quantum time-translation
machine." Physical review letters. JUN 18 1990 v 64 n 25 Page 2965
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
QUANTUM PHYSICS, ABSTRACT QUANT-PH/9506038
From: "Jun Liu"
Date: Sun, 25 Jun 1995 03:25:05 -0400
Potential Effect: Aharonov-Bohm Effect of Simply Connected Region
Author: Jun Liu
Comments: Prediction of a new effect. Numerical estimate given for
experimental verification. The referees disagree with each other on
the existence of this effect.
We study a generalization of Aharonov-Bohm effect, the potential
effect. The discussion is focused on field-free effects in simply
connected region, which obviously can not have any local field-flux.
Among the published discussions about this kind of effects, it is
generally agreed that this kind of effect does not exist due to
gauge invariance. However, there are also opinions that this effect
is a trivial variation of Aharonov-Bohm effect and therefore there
is no need to check its existence. To my knowledge, it has never
been tested. My first goal here is to supply enough theoretical
reason to motivate the experimental test of this effect. I start
with an intuitive derivation, then I introduce a wave-front theory
as a theoretical consideration. Logically, the existence of
potential effect implies the existence of the AB effect, but not
vice versa. The purpose of this paper is to provide a physical
connection in the opposite direction.
QUANTUM PHYSICS, ABSTRACT QUANT-PH/9510004
From: "Jun Liu"
Date: Thu, 5 Oct 1995 04:30:27 -0400
The Real Significance of the Electromagnetic Potentials
Author(s): J`un L'iu
The importance of the potential is revealed in a newly discovered
effect of the potential. This paper explore the same issue
introduced in quant-ph/9506038 from several different aspects
including electron optics and relativity. Some people fail to
recognize this effect due to a wrong application of gauge
invariance.
In the above two papers, Dr Liu proposes a theory of the electromagnetic
potential which is a radical extension of the well known Aharonov-Bohm
effect. In the second paper he is barely able to contain his frustration
about repeated publication rejections over the last four years from
leading physics journals. He provides a theoretical foundation for his
potential theory, as well as some relatively straight forward suggestions
for experiments which might confirm the theory. But there is an enormous
problem. Liu's theory violates the concept of invariance of physical
parameters under an electromagnetic gauge transformation. Electromagnetic
gauge invariance is a cornerstone in the foundation of quantum theory and
QED, and it is also part and parcel linked with the dogma of light speed
invariance. In other words, heresy.
The AB effect is invariant under an electromagnetic gauge transformation.
While a phase-shift occurs in the AB effect, it can be identified only
over a closed path and is impossible to identify with any specific
"local" region of space. Furthermore, in the AB effect, there is no
interaction relating to a transfer of energy or momentum. Maintaining
the idea of gauge invariance is a little harder to do in the Aharonov-Casher
effect, but it can be accomplished by "gauging away" the physical effects
of magnetic spin precession by using a combination of factors from the
classical Maxwell fields along with the electromagnetic potential. It
has the look of an elaborate parlor trick, but so does most of QED.
Liu's theory predicts that the electromagnetic potential acts like
a kind of "refractive index" to wave propogation, and is similar in
some respects to what was predicted in the earlier paper on electron
optics by Ehrenberg and Siday in 1949. The result is that in some
circumstances an electromagnetic potential causes a change in wavelength,
and in other circumstances causes a change in phase (AB effect). An effect
on wavelength would be manifested as a change in the envelope of the
interference pattern, rather than merely a shift in the pattern. In Liu's
theory an exchange of energy and momentum becomes possible. His theory
is relatively easy to test and verify, but oddly or not, no one has yet
done so. Maybe because we already "know" it can't be true?
One interesting prediction of Liu's theory is that electromagnetic
potential will result in time dilation. He doesn't appear to be
aware that there is already experimental evidence that this occurs.
See references to inventions and experiments by people such as Saxl,
Barker, and Keller, which demonstrate time dilation in an electric
potential. Time dilation can be viewed equivalently as a shift in
wavelength. Liu wishes for someone to conduct an experiment to test
for a change in wavelength by using a quantum interferometer. A fine
idea. But what about those experimenters who have already measured
this effect with a clock? Also see a variety of references here to
theories and experiments which relate the scalar electric potential
to the gravitational field, and time dilation is a well know, and
experimentally verified, prediction of general relativity.
The Aharonov-Bohm effect has sparked a revolution in physical thought.
There are a variety of new ideas and experiments, such as verification
of Liu's theory, which could soon begin to fan it to a flame. When the
flame becomes sufficiently illuminating, watch the political scientists
begin to scramble for a comfortable seat nearer the fire.
-- Robert Stirniman
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Over the last five years, there have been over 300 papers published
about various aspects of Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher effects,
and quantum interferometry. The subject relates to nearly all aspects
of modern physics. Here are selected examples:
AUTHOR(s): Semon, Mark D.
TITLE(s): The Aharonov-Bohm Effect: Still a Thought-Provoking
Experiment.
In: Foundations of physics.
JUL 01 1988 v 18 n 7 Page 731
AUTHOR(s): Furuya, Kazuhito
TITLE(s): Transient Response of the Aharonov-Bohm Effect.
In: Japanese journal of applied physics. part 1,
FEB 01 1989 v 28 n 2 Page 303
AUTHOR(s): Chetouani, L. Guechi, L. Hammann, T.F.
TITLE(s): Exact path integral solution of the coulomb plus
Aharonov-Bohm potential.
In: Journal of mathematical physics.
MAR 01 1989 v 30 n 3 Page 655
AUTHOR(s): Lee, Patrick A.
TITLE(s): Gauge field, Aharonov-Bohm Flux, and high-Tc
superconductivity.
In: Physical review letters.
AUG 07 1989 v 63 n 6 Page 680
AUTHOR(s): Bezerra, V.B.
TITLE(s): Gravitational analogs of the Aharonov-Bohm effect.
In: Journal of mathematical physics.
DEC 01 1989 v 30 n 12 Page 2895
AUTHOR(s): Reznik, B. Aharonov, Y.
TITLE(s): Question of the nonlocality of the Aharonov-Casher effect.
In: Physical review. D, Particles and fields.
DEC 15 1989 v 40 n 12 Page 4178
AUTHOR(s): Stovicek, P.
TITLE(s): The Green function for the two-solenoid Aharonov-Bohm
effect.
In: Physics letters: [part A]
NOV 27 1989 v 142 n 1 Page 5
AUTHOR(s): Ellis, J.R.
TITLE(s): Dirac magnetic monopole and the Aharonov-Bohm solenoid in
the Poincare gauge.
In: Journal of physics A: Mathematical and general.
JAN 07 1990 v 23 n 1 Page 65
AUTHOR(s): Gerber, A. Deutscher, G.
TITLE(s): AC-to-DC conversion and Aharonov-Bohm effect in percolating
superconducting films.
In: Physical review letters.
MAR 26 1990 v 64 n 13 Page 1585
AUTHOR(s): Hagen, C.R.
TITLE(s): Exact equivalence of spin-1/2 Aharonov-Bohm and
Aharonov-Casher effects.
In: Physical review letters.
MAY 14 1990 v 64 n 20 Page 2347
AUTHOR(s): Afanase'ev, G.N.
TITLE(s): Old and new problems in the theory of the Aharonov-Bohm
effect.
In: Soviet journal of particles and nuclei.
JAN 01 1990 v 21 n 1 Page 74
AUTHOR(s): Silverman, M.P.
TITLE(s): Two-solenoid Aharonov-Bohm experiment with correlated
particles.
In: Physics letters: [part A]
AUG 13 1990 v 148 n 3/4 Page 154
AUTHOR(s): Gornicki, Pawel
TITLE(s): Aharonov-Bohm Effect Vacuum Polarization.
In: Annals of physics.
SEP 01 1990 v 202 n 2 Page 271
AUTHOR(s): Gal'tsov, D.V.
Voropaev, S.A.
TITLE(s): Bremsstrahlung polarization in the Aharonov-Bohm effect.
In: Moscow University physics bulletin.
1990 v 45 n 1 Page 8
AUTHOR(s): Padmanabhan, T.
TITLE(s): Vacuum polarization around an Aharonov-Bohm solenoid.
In: Pramana.
MAR 01 1991 v 36 n 3 Page 253
AUTHOR(s): Hagen, C.R.
TITLE(s): Spin dependence of the Aharonov-Bohm Effect.
In: International journal of modern physics A.
JUL 30 1991 v 6 n 18 Page 3119
AUTHOR(s): Dupuis, Nicolas Montambaux, Gilles
TITLE(s): Aharonov-Bohm flux and statistics of energy levels in
metals.
In: Physical review B: Condensed matter.
JUN 15 1991 v 43 n 18 Page 14390
AUTHOR(s): Ortiz, M.E.
TITLE(s): Gravitational anyons, Chern-Simons-Witten gravity and the
gravitational Aharonov-Bohm effect.
In: Nuclear physics. b.
SEP 30 1991 v 363 n 1 Page 185
AUTHOR(s): Bezerra, V.B.
TITLE(s): Gravitational Aharonov-Bohm effect in a locally flat
spacetime.
In: Classical and quantum gravity.
OCT 01 1991 v 8 n 10 Page 1939
AUTHOR(s): Sitenko, Y.A.
TITLE(s): The Aharonov-Bohm effect and the inducing of vacuum charge
by a singular magnetic string.
In: Nuclear physics. b.
MAR 23 1992 v 372 n 3 Page 622
AUTHOR(s): March-Russell, John Preskill, John Wilczek, Frank
TITLE(s): Internal frame dragging and a global analog of the
Aharonov-Bohm effect.
In: Physical review letters.
APR 27 1992 v 68 n 17 Page 2567
AUTHOR(s): Krive, I.V. Rozhavsky, A.S.
TITLE(s): Non-Traditional Aharonov-Bohm Effects in Condensed Matter.
In: International journal of modern physics. B.
MAY 10 1992 v 6 n 9 Page 1255
AUTHOR(s): Krive, I. V. Zvyagin, A. A.
TITLE(s): Aharonov-casher effect in half-integer spin
antiferromagnets.
In: Modern physics letters. B, Condensed matter ph
JUN 20 1992 v 6 n 14 Page 871
AUTHOR(s): Zubkov, M.A. Polikarpov, M.I.
TITLE(s): Aharonov-Bohm effect in lattice field theory.
In: JETP letters.
APR 25 1993 v 57 n 8 Page 461
AUTHOR(s): Duru, I. H.
TITLE(s): Casimir Force Between Two Aharonov-Bohm Solenoids.
In: Foundations of physics.
MAY 01 1993 v 23 n 5 Page 809
AUTHOR(s): Takai, Daisuke Ohta, Kuniichi
TITLE(s): Aharonov-Bohm effect in the presence of magnetic flux and
electrostatic potential.
In: Physical review. b, condensed matter.
JUL 15 1993 v 48 n 3 Page 1537
AUTHOR(s): Allman, B.E. Cimmino, A. Klein, A.G.
TITLE(s): Observation of the scalar Aharonov-Bohm effect by neutron
interferometry.
In: Physical review. A.
SEP 01 1993 v 48 n 3 Page 1799
AUTHOR(s): Jensen, Bjorn Kucera, Jaromir
TITLE(s): On a gravitational Aharonov-Bohm effect.
In: Journal of mathematical physics.
NOV 01 1993 v 34 n 11 Page 4975
AUTHOR(s): Maeda, J. Shizuya, K.
TITLE(s): Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher effects and
electromagnetic angular momentum.
In: Zeitschrift fur Physik C; particles and fields.
1993 v 60 n 2 Page 265
AUTHOR(s): Afanasiev, G.N.
TITLE(s): Toroidal solenoids in an electromagnetic field and toroidal
Aharonov-Casher effect.
In: Physica scripta.
OCT 01 1993 v 48 n 4 Page 385
AUTHOR(s): Moreau, William Ross, Dennis K.
TITLE(s): Complementary electric Aharonov-Bohm effect.
In: Physical review. A, Atomic, molecular, and opt
JUN 01 1994 v 49 n 6 Page 4348
AUTHOR(s): Ho, Vu B. Morgan, Michael J.
TITLE(s): An Experiment to Test the Gravitational Aharonov-Bohm
Effect.
In: Australian journal of physics.
1994 v 47 n 3 Page: 245
AUTHOR(s): Zeiske, K. Zinner, G. Helmcke, J.
TITLE(s): Atom interferometry in a static electric field: Measurement
of the Aharonov-Casher phase.
In: Applied physics. b, lasers and optics.
FEB 01 1995 v 60 n 2/3 Page: 205
AUTHOR(s): Sazonov, S.N.
TITLE(s): On Aharonov-Bohm Effect in Multiconnected Superconductor.
In: Acta physica Polonica, A.
DEC 01 1994 v 86 n 6 Page 987
AUTHOR(s): Reznik, B.
TITLE(s): Gravitational analogue of the Aharonov-Casher effect.
In: Physical review d: particles, fields, gravitat
MAR 15 1995 v 51 n 6 Page 3108
AUTHOR(s): Oh, Sangchul Ryu, Chang-Mo
TITLE(s): Persistent spin currents induced by the Aharonov-Casher
effect in mesoscopic rings.
In: Physical review B: Condensed matter.
MAY 15 1995 v 51 n 19 Page 13441
AUTHOR(s): Leadbeater, M. Lambert, C.J.
TITLE(s): Mesoscopic Superconducting Analogs of the
Aharonov-Bohm-Casher Effect.
In: Physical review letters.
MAY 29 1995 v 74 n 22 Page 4519
AUTHOR(s): Cook, Richard J. Fearn, Heidi Milonni, Peter W.
TITLE(s): Fizeau's experiment and the Aharonov-Bohm effect.
In: American journal of physics.
AUG 01 1995 v 63 n 8 Page 705
AUTHOR(s): Yi, J. Jeon, G. S. Choi, M. Y.
TITLE(s): Dual Aharonov-Casher effect and persistent dipole current.
In: Physical review B: Condensed matter.
SEP 15 1995 v 52 n 11 Page 7838
AUTHOR(s): Audretsch, Jurgen Jasper, Ulf Skarzhinsky, Vladimir D.
TITLE(s): Bremsstrahlung of relativistic electrons in the
Aharonov-Bohm potential.
In: Physical review d: particles, fields, gravitat
FEB 15 1996 v 53 n 4 Page 2178
AUTHOR(s): Skarzhinsky, Vladimir D. Audretsch, Jurgen Jasper, Ulf
TITLE(s): Electron-positron pair production in the Aharonov-Bohm
potential.
In: Physical review d: particles, fields, gravitat
FEB 15 1996 v 53 n 4 Page 2190
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Time out for a summary.
. Hooper, as well as Carr, Rognerud, Jefimenko, et al, find that a
electromagnetic effect which is not shieldable, and hence difficult
to distinguish from gravitation, results from equal and opposite
electric currents (dipole-current), and that a similar effect can
also be generated by a moving magnet or a moving electric current.
. Recent experiments in Tampere Finland, discover a gravitational
shielding effect from a levitated rotating superconductor disk.
This is similar in some respects to Hooper's invention, with the
equal-and-opposite electric current being generated in a superconductor
disk via the Meissner effect.
. Sansbury, Volkov, Brown, Teller, Blackett, Zollner, et al, provide
theoretical arguments as well as some experimental indications that
equal-and-opposite electric charge (dipole-charge) is similar, or
equivalent, to a static gravitational field. And that alignment of
electric dipoles in matter and in vacuum polarization, can result in
a force which is not shieldable, and not easily distinguishable from
gravity. Conversely, it is well know that a gravitational field, an
acceleration, or a mechanical force, causes a dipole moment (polarization)
to occur within a dielectric material.
. Wallace, Laithwaite, Barnett, et al, discover that gravitational
and electromagnetic field effects occur due to alignment of the
microscopic spin of quantum particles with the angular momentum
spin axis of a larger macroscopic body.
. Aharonov and Bohm discover that an effect can occur on an electrically
charged particle due to the magnetic vector potential, in regions of
space where the classic Maxwell fields vanish. Originally -- on the
outside of infinitely long solenoid coil (with the magnetic field
cancelled by equal-and-opposite currents). Others have conducted this
experiment using a toroidal coil coated with superconductor material
(generating an equal-and-opposite current) to cause the Maxwell magnetic
field to vanish. A similar effect, Aharonov-Casher is disovered to
occur due to the electric scalar potential, in regions of space where
the Maxwell electric field vanishes.
. Whittaker, and Eherenberg and Siday, have written theories which
are precursors to Aharonov-Bohm, suggesting that the electromagnetic
potential is a far richer and more fundamental thing than the
Maxwell fields. The classical Maxwell fields are regarded as
artifical abstractions. We can also note that Maxwell's theory
itself, was originally much richer in variables (20 equations and
20 unknowns), before it was simplified by Gibbs and Heaviside,
to the vector formlation which we know as "Maxwell's" equations.
. Vu Ho authors a recent paper suggesting experiments relating the
electromagnetic potential and the Aharonov-Bohm effect to gravitation.
And in a more recent paper, using the mathematics of differential
geometry and general relativity, Dr Ho demonstrates that gravity can
be expressed mathematically as a coupling of two equal-and-opposite
electromagnetic fields.
. Jun Liu authors recent papers suggesting that the electromagnetic
potential is of paramount importance. Liu's theory predicts that "local"
effects can result from the potential in regions where the Maxwell
fields vanish -- a violation of the theory of invariance under electric
gauge transformations. Liu theory predicts that time dilation will
occur in an electric potential. Saxl, Barker, and Keller have conducted
earlier experiments which demonstrate time dilation in an electric
potential.
. Ning Li, a consulting scientist to NASA's Marshall Space Center,
who we might presume to know something, authors papers about the
relationship of gravito-electric and and gravito-magnetic forces to
the electromagnetic potential, and methods for generation of
gravitational effects with superconductor material. According to
Dr Li -- "a detectable gravitomagnetic field, and in the presence
of a time-dependent applied magnetic vector potential field, a
detectable gravitoelectric field could be produced."
How many clues do we need? Equal-and-opposite electric sources (dipole-
charges and/or dipole-currents) appear to effect the electromagnetic
potential in ways which are indistinguishable from gravitation. And
you know what they say about things that look like a duck.
The net sum of equal and opposite electromagnetic vectors is a zero
vector, but it is NOT the same situation as no vector. For skeptics and
diehards who are still having a hard time accepting the idea of electro-
gravitics, here's a simple experiment. Stand on a train track between
two locomotives which are pushing on you with equal force in opposite
directions. You will exhibit no net motion. None the less, you may soon
begin to notice that something important is happening.
-- Robert Stirniman
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Jorge Pullin
Wed, 1 Feb 1995 22:55:17 -0500 (EST)
Matters of Gravity, a newsletter for the gravity community
Author: Jorge Pullin (PSU), editor.
Loops, knots, gauge theories and quantum gravity
Rodolfo Gambini and Jorge Pullin ; foreword by Abhay Ashtekar.
New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
Cambridge monographs on mathematical physics
ISBN 0-521-47332-2 (hc)
-----------------------------------------------------------------
A number of reports which have been prepared for the USAF are publicly
available, These reports can be obtained from the "Defense Technical
Information Center" (DTIC). Cameron Station, Alexandria VA 22304, 800-225-3842
Cravens D.L., "Electric Propulsion Study", Prepared for the Astronautics
Laboratory, Air Force Space Technology Center, at Edwards AFB. August 1990.
AL-TR-89-040
Mead F.B. Jr, et al, Advanced Propulsion Concepts - Project Outgrowth,
AFRPL-TR-72-31, (JUN 1972).
Mead F.B. Jr, "Exotic Concepts for Future Propulsion and Space
Travel", In Advanced Propulsion Concepts, 1989 JPM
Specialist Session, (JANNAF) Chemical Propulsion Information Agency, CPIA
Publication 528, p.93-99, (May 24, 1989).
Talley R.L, "Twenty First Century Propulsion Concept", Veritay Technology
Inc, East Amherst NY. Prepared for the Phillips Laboratory, Air Force
Systems Command, Propulsion Directorate, Edwards AFB. May 1991.
PL-TR-91-3009
Talley R.L., 21st Century Propulsion Concept, AFAL-TR-88-031, Apr 88.
Talley R.L., Final report on NYS contract no. (88)-166 of NYS Science
and Technology Foundation with Veritay Technology, Inc., P.O. Box 305,
East Amherst NY 14051.
Forward R.L., 21st Century Space Propulsion Study, AL-TR-90-030, Final
Report on Contract FO4611-87-C-0029, Air Force
Astronautics Lab (AFSC), (Oct 1990). --AND-- Forward,R.L., 21st Century
Space Propulsion Study (Addendum), PL-TR-91-3022,
Final (Addendum), OLAC Phillips Lab, formally known as Air Force
Astronautics Lab (AFSC), (June 1991).
Electric Propulsion Study by Dennis L. Cravens:
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
PREFACE ........................................... 1
I. INTRODUCTION ...................................... 2
1.1 Background and Theoretical Developments ....... 4
1.2 Measurement ................................... 6
1.3 Force Fields .................................. 8
1.4 Chirality - Odd Number Space-Like Dimensions .. 11
II. THEORIES .......................................... 13
2.1 Introduction .................................. 13
2.2 General Framework of Theory ................... 14
2.2.1 Born - Infield ............................ 17
2.2.2 Lande' .................................... 19
2.2.3 Podolsky .................................. 20
2.2.4 Corben .................................... 21
2.2.5 Flint ..................................... 21
2.2.6 Ingraham .................................. 21
2.2.7 Arctan Potential .......................... 23
2.2.8 Milne ..................................... 24
2.2.9 Williams .................................. 25
2.3 Development of 5-D EM Equations ............... 27
2.3.1 Modifications to Maxwell's Equations ...... 33
2.3.2 Lorentz Forces in 5-D ..................... 36
2.3.3 Wave Propagation in 5-Space ............... 38
2.3.4 Limits to Conversion Rates ................ 40
2.3.5 Reduction to Newton's Laws - PPN .......... 41
2.3.6 Thermoelectric Potentials in Gravity Field. 43
2.3.7 Field Vectors and Equations in 5-D ........ 44
2.4 Conservation Laws ............................. 47
2.4.1 Conservation of Energy .................... 48
2.4.2 Conservation of Linear Momentum ........... 50
2.4.3 Conservation of Angular Momentum .......... 51
2.4.4 Conservation of Parity .................... 53
2.4.5 Conservation of Pseudovectors ............. 54
2.4.6 Conditions for Non-Conservations .......... 58
2.5 Vacuum Fluctuations ........................... 60
2.6 Quantum Considerations ........................ 62
2.7 Compatibility of 10-D String Theories ......... 68
2.8 Mach's Principle .............................. 69
2.9 Rosen's Bi-Metric Theory ...................... 72
2.10 Non-Conservation .............................. 74
2.11 Particles in 5-D Spaces ....................... 76
III. EXPERIMENTS
3.1 Approach to Selection of Experiments .......... 78
3.2 Radiation Pressure ............................ 80
3.3 Biefeld-Brown Effects ......................... 83
3.4 Conductive Submarine .......................... 88
3.5 Gravitational Rotor ........................... 89
3.6 Spin Aligned Nuclei --
Magnetic and Rotational Alignment ............ 90
3.7 Non-Inductive Coils ........................... 94
3.8 EM Transparency of Conductive Media ........... 100
3.9 Magnetic Loop ................................. 101
3.10 Speed of Light in a Mass Flow ................. 103
3.11 Charged Torque Pendulum ....................... 105
3.12 Thermoelectric/Gravitational Effects .......... 107
3.13 Binary Pulsar ................................. 107
3.14 Proton Scattering ............................. 107
3.15 Inertial Mass Variation ....................... 107
3.16 An Improper Experiment ........................ 108
IV. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................. 110
-------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR(s): Woyk, E.
TITLE(s): Gravitomagnetics in Stationary Media.
In: The Astrophysical journal.
SEP 20 1994 v 433 n 1 p 1 Page 357
AUTHOR(s): Shahid-Saless, Bahman
TITLE(s): Local gravitomagnetic perturbations of the lunar orbit.
In: Physical review. D, Particles and fields.
DEC 15 1992 v 46 n 12 Page 5404
AUTHOR(s): Blockley, C.A. Stedman, G.E.
TITLE(s): Gravitomagnetic effects along polar geodesics about a
slowly rotating spherical mass in the PPN formalism.
In: Physics letters: [part A]
JUL 09 1990 v 147 n 4 Page 161
AUTHOR(s): Zhang, Xiao-He
TITLE(s): Interactions of magnetohydrodynamic waves with
gravitomagnetic fields, and their possible roles in
black-hole magnetospheres.
In: Physical review. D, Particles and fields.
DEC 15 1989 v 40 n 12
Page: 3858
AUTHOR(s): Khanna, Ramon
Camenzind, Max
TITLE(s): The Gravitomagnetic Dynamo Effect in Accretion Disks of
Rotating Black Holes.
In: The Astrophysical journal.
NOV 10 1994 v 435 n 2 p 2
AUTHOR(s): Casotto, S. Ciufolini, I. Vespe, F.
TITLE(s): Earth satellites and gravitomagnetic field.
In: Il nuovo cimento delle societa italiana di fisic
MAY 01 1990 v 105 n 5 Page 589
AUTHOR(s): Mashhoon, Bahram Paik, Jung Ho Will, Clifford M.
TITLE(s): Detection of the gravitomagnetic field using an orbiting
superconducting gravity gradiometer. Theoretical principles.
In: Physical review. D, Particles and fields.
MAY 15 1989 v 39 n 10 Page 2825
AUTHOR(s): Nordtvedt, K.
TITLE(s): Gravitomagnetic interaction and laser ranging to Earth
satellites.
In: Physical review letters.
DEC 05 1988 v 61 n 23 Page 2647
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
There is a reprint of an article that appeared
in "Interavia, Volume XI - No. 5, 1956" a March 23, 1956
article titled "Towards Flight without Stress or Strain...
or Weight" This article has a photograph of T.T.Brown holding one of
his flying disks, and another photograph of the flying
disk by itself. There is some info on the opperation of
the electrokinetic apparatus.
_____________________________________________________________________
The 1956 paper "The Gravitics Situation" (prepared by Gravity Rand
Ltd., a division of Aviation Studies Ltd. This includes six
appendices with papers by various authors including the text from T.
Townsend Brown's 1929 gravitor patent.
------------------------------------------------------------------
Many documents on Gravitoelectrics/Electrogravitation refer back
to the 1952 Project Winterhaven. That project is said to contain
information on a Mach 3 Combat Disc. Also, have any records related
to other Projects with Mr. T.T. Brown been produced. I have seen his
Lab notes 1 - 3 - 4. I was looking for 2 - 5 & 6. Also, the Bahnson
et al Brown lab notes during his research days at Bahnson Labs in North
Carolina 1957-60 period or about. I have a poor chopped up Lab Video
on the subject. I'm looking for the full video the 45 minute one. Mine
is a mere 23 minutes.
I have yet to track down an original document entitled: "The Flying Saucer:
The Application of the Biefeld-Brown Effect to the Solution of Space
Navigation" by Mason Rose. This 50's document details how a flying saucer
operates. I have a copy of a re-write and it is outstanding.
And I'm also looking for a document as seen on SIGHTINGS TV entitled:
"PROJECT SILVER BUG" the 1955 USAF Flying Saucer Tests.
Also, seeking a copy of PROJECT WINTERHAVEN by Thomas Townsend Brown on
a MACH-3 Combat Disc. The British had a stake in as well as the USAF.
It to is from the 1950's.
-- James Hartman, CaluNET - Future Science Admin.
----------------------------------------------------------------
The Biefeld-Brown (spelling is correct) effect is described generally
as the anomalous tendency of high voltage flat capacitors to display
movement towards (usually) the positive pole. Effects are most often
seen at potentials above 50kv. Thomas Townsend Brown held a few patents
on devices using it. It's very controversial and is part of the subject
of "electrogravitics", as some say that the BB effect is actually polar
gravity peeking out from behind a high electrical gradient within a
dielectric. Claims are that the mass of the dielectric is a factor in
the magnitude of the effect as well as the capacitance and the gradient
intensity. Should be fairly easy for the home-workshop experimenter to
get a look at, but the difficulty seems to be in isolating the effect
from ionic wind and simple electrostatic propulsive effects. Skeptics
claim that those forces are all it ever was, but a few reports indicate
that they may be wrong.
-- Rick Monteverde, Honolulu HI
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
The experiments involved freely suspended electrically charged
capacitors, which were determined to possess angular momentum
yet did not rotate. Source: Albert Einstein: Philosopher-
Scientist, P. Schilpp, editor, 3rd ed., 1988, pp 522-523.
Schilpp, Paul Arthur, 1897- ed.
Albert Einstein: philosopher-scientist. [3d ed.] La Salle, Ill., Open Court
[1970] xviii, 781 p. illus., facsim., ports. 25 cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: QC16.E5 S3 1970
--------------------------------------------------------------
>From Richard Feynman's Lectures on Physics we learn that there is
intrinsic field energy and momentum density associated with a static
electro-magnetic field configuration. When there is a change in the
magnetic field, this field energy and momentum can be directly
converted into kinetic energy and mechanical momentum. Feynman
illustrates this with an electromagnetic carousel paradox. In this
paradox, a dielectric disk (which is embedded with small charged spheres
along its circumference) rotates without any apparent "counter" torque
in the system. Before this rotation occurs, the dielectric disk is
immersed in a static magnetic field. The subsequent rotation occurs as
a consequence to reducing the previously static magnetic field to zero.
The angular momentum and rotational kinetic energy comes directly from
the initial static magnetic field.
"The Feynman Lectures on Physics" by Richard Feynman, R.B. Leighton, and
M. Sands, Volume II p 17-6
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
A Report on the T. Townsend Brown Conference:
"Focus on Unconventional Energies: A Symposium on Electrical Propulsion &
the Technology of Electro-Gravity"
April 15-16, 1994 Philadelphia Community College, Philadelphia, PA
This conference was held in tribute to Thomas Townsend Brown and I feel that
it was a great success. About 15 speakers and 80 attendees provided a brief
overview of Zero Point Energy theories, Free Energy devices, electrostatics
theory, and antigravity experiments and documentation. Attendees came from
as far away as California and Washington.
The conference program advertised the following topics: "A Review of
Advanced Energy Devices: Evidence, Promises, and Dangers" by Patrick Bailey
(VP INE); "Thomas Townsend Brown's Electro-Gravities Research in the 1950's"
by Tom Valone (Integrity Institute); "The Role of Electro-Statics" by
Charles Yost (Electric Spacecraft Journal); "Thomas Townsend Brown's
Research: A Challenge to Modern Science" by Elizabeth Rauscher (Tecnic
Research Laboratories); "Electro-Gravitic Theory: Explaining the Operating
Principle of Brown's Electric Disks" by Paul LaViolette (The Starburst
Foundation); "A Panel Discussion on Biefeld-Brown and Beyond;" "Vortices
in the Zero Point Energy" by Moray King; "Design of a Compact Marx Generator
Triggered by a Blumlein Capacitor" by George Hathaway; "Thomas Townsend
Brown's Final Gravito-Electric Research" by Josh Reynolds (New Wave
Partners); "Townsend Brown Effects Reviewed" by Ron Kovac; "Pushing the
Boundaries: Electro-Hydro Dynamic Potentials ..." by Henry Monteith, and
"Gravity Drop Tests" by Don Kelly (SEA).
- Patrick Bailey
I have the audio tapes from the T.T. Brown conference, 11 tapes
in all, and I got a lot of good information from it.
- Bob Reim (reim@advantor.com)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
There is a connection between Townsend Brown and UFOs. Brown was the
founder of NICAP (National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena)
Project Skylight, and Brown served as Vice Chairman pro tempore during
during NICAP's organizational period in 1956.
Partial biography of Thomas Townsend Brown:
1922-23, private research laboratory, Pasadena, California; 1924-25,
special electronics research, Denison University, Department of Physics;
1926-30, private research laboratory (astrophysics), Zanesville, Ohio, in
collaboration with Dr. Paul Biefeld, Swazey Observatory, Granville, Ohio;
1930-33, Naval Research Laboratory (radiation and spectroscopy), Washington,
DC; ... 1938, Assistant Engineering Officer (Lt. jg USNR) shakedown cruise
USS NASHVILLE to Europe; 1939-40, Materials and Processes Engineer
(aircraft), Glenn L. Martin Company, Baltimore; 1940-41, Officer-in-charge
(Lt. USNR), Magnetic and Acoustic Minesweeping, Research and Development,
Bureau of Ships, Navy Department, Washington, D. C.; 1942-43, Officer-in-
charge (Lt. Comdr. USNR), Atlantic Fleet Radar Materiel School and Gyro-
compass School, Naval Operating Base, Norfolk, Virginia; 1944-45, Radar
Consultant, Advanced Design Section, Lockheed Aircraft Corporation,
Burbank, California; ...
Also, there was a T.T. Brown on the Condon committee for UFO studies.
And some of Brown's above described Navy duties are coincident with
some of the times and places in stories about the Montauk Project/
Philadelphia Experiment.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Quotation from a letter to William Moore from T. Townsend Brown dated
12/17/76 --
"I am still working on petroelectricity and the project is
housed largely at Stanford Research Institute with additional assistance
being provided by the University of California - Berkeley and the Ames
Research center of NASA. Unfortunately, under the circumstances, while
this project is being evaluated for funding by ERDA we should not and
cannot publish details..."
"Your next question concerns the airfoils. As far as I am
aware, no rf is radiated. There is, of course, a static d.c. field
which accompanies the airfoils in flight."
------------------------------------------------------------------------
It is very interesting to note that Townsend Brown was the pioneer in
this field, and was not able to obtain very much support for his work
until the 1950's. During that time, there was much discussion of
gravity and antigravity within the aerospace industry and in the
magazine "Aviation Week." Then the Gravity Research Group (GRG)
published a detailed summary report of their review of research into
"Electrostatic Motion, Dynamic Counterbary, and Barycentric Control"
(i.e. "Antigravity"). This report is the last public report that
any researchers have been able to find for us that deals with the
physical effects of electrostatics, electrodynamics, and gravity control.
(It is also worth noting that this report was found in the Wright
Patterson Air Force Base Library "TL 565 A9" and was not listed in the
library catalog). So, after the mid-1950's to the present, no other
information regarding the technology of electrodynamics and its effect
on gravity has been able to be found in any of the un-classified U.S.
literature.
- Patrick Bailey
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
I have the FIVE (5) lab books of TT Brown's R&D at the Bahnson Co. in
Salem, N. Carolina 1958-9. I also have some other letters and drawings of
the lab plus the only surviving 16mm colour film of the various stages of
his work at Bahnson Labs.
I was in contact with Dr Brown in 1983 by phone and by mail. He died of
lung cancer not long after in Oct of 1985. He told me that a lot of people
including Bill Morre had attributed more to his work than he had really
done. In particular, he was only marginally connected with the Philadelphia
Experiment as such. His main theme of R&D was dielectrics and the
Biefeld-Brown effect. He was not an electromagnetics man... only
electrostatics.
From 1983 to 1991 or so I was in frequent communication with J. Frank King
who was TT Brown's boss at the Bahnson Co. J. Frank was a good man and a
good friend of mine. He, too, died in Dec 1989. Before he died I was given
rights to reproduce and share letters, files, drawings, patent submissions,
films etc from his personal files on TT Brown, George Adamski, Dr Ilka, T
Henry Moray and others.
J Frank warned me a long time ago to take what TT Brown said with a 'grain
of salt' because Townsend had a habit of 'stretching the truth' a bit to
get funding which he was always in need of.... So, I warn you now in good
faith: If you seek lost or hidden technology in Brown's lab notes, I don't
think you will find it there; however, I am prepared to make photocopies
available to you.
There are about 750 pages in all. I would need to charge you AUS$50 per
notebook which would include the air mail charges as well. In US$ that
would be about US$38 per notebook. The film is available as are the
notebooks (I think) from The Electric Spacecraft Journal in the US
(Charles Yost on 704-252-8083, FAX 202-683-3511.
-- Stan Deyo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
As far as I know, the last thing Brown published before his
death was, "On The Possibilities of Optical-Frequency Gravitational
Radiation", 2/14/1976 and 8/30/1976. I don't know where it was
originally published. But you can get copy from:
Rex Research, P.O. Box 19250, Jean NV 89019
It is part of NR 046-BT2/B17-BRV "T. Brown: Petro-Voltaics"
(Gravito-Electric Conversion). Most people think Brown was just
into flying capacitors he was into much much more...
-- Bob Paddock
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Here are some titles by Townsend Brown:
"The Wizard of Electro-Gravity: The Man Who Discovered how UFOs
are powered." by William L. Moore. In UFO Report magazine. Unfortunately the
issue date is not on this copy, and the magazine is at work.
A lot of the same information can be found in the book "The
Philadelphia Experiment: Project Invisibility" by William L. Moore with
Charles Berlitz. Chapter 10 "The Force Fields of Townsend Brown".
These two items are the same, I just don't know which one came first.
Also there is more than one book with the title "The
Philadelphia Experiment". You want the one with ISBN 0-449-20526-6.
"The Townsend Brown Electro-Gravity Device: A Comprehensive
Evaluation by the Office of NAVAL Research" 15 September 1952.
Such as "How I Control Gravity by T. Townsend Brown" from
Science and Invention Magazine Aug. 1929.
"Townsend Brown and his Anti-Gravity Discs" by Gaston Burridge
in Fate Magazine. No issue date is visible.
"Electrical Self-Potential in Rocks" by T.Townsend Brown, some
time after 1/1976, but again no source is visible.
"Another Step Toward Anti-Gravity" by Gaston Burridge in The
American Mercury, June 1958, p77.
"Towards Flight without Stress or Strain... or Weight" by Intel,
Washington, D.C. [Doesn't make since but that is what it says.]
Some one just on the list here just reinvented "The Fluid Pump"
by T.Townsend Brown for the Whitehall-Rand Group, Washington DC
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Paper: gr-qc/9207002
From: RCAPOVI%CINVESMX.BITNET@ricevm1.rice.edu
Date: Tue, 21 Jul 1992 17:52 CST
Title: Remarks on Pure Spin Connection Formulations of Gravity
Authors: Riccardo Capovilla and Ted Jacobson
Abstract: In the derivation of a pure spin connection action
functional for gravity two methods have been proposed. The first
starts from a first order lagrangian formulation, the second from a
hamiltonian formulation. In this note we show that they lead to
identical results for the specific cases of pure gravity with or
without a cosmological constant.
Paper: hep-th/9210110 (Phys. Rev. D47, R5214 (1993).)
From: pullin@mail.physics.utah.edu (Jorge Pullin)
Date: Tue, 20 Oct 92 11:18:14 MDT
QUANTUM EINSTEIN-MAXWELL FIELDS: A UNIFIED VIEWPOINT FROM THE LOOP
REPRESENTATION, R. Gambini, J. Pullin, 13pp. no figures.
We propose a naive unification of Electromagnetism and General
Relativity based on enlarging the gauge group of Ashtekar's new
variables. We construct the connection and loop representations and
analyze the space of states. In the loop representation, the
wavefunctions depend on two loops, each of them carrying information
about both gravitation and electromagnetism. We find that the
Chern-Simons form and the Jones Polynomial play a role in the model.
Paper: gr-qc/9301012
From: porrati@MAFALDA.PHYSICS.NYU.EDU (Massimo Porrati)
Date: Wed, 13 Jan 93 20:17:21 -0500
Massive Spin-5/2 Fields Coupled to Gravity: Tree-Level Unitarity vs. the
Equivalence Principle, Massimo Porrati, 6 pages.
I show that the gravitational scattering amplitudes of a spin-5/2
field with mass $m\ll M_{Pl}$ violate tree-level unitarity at
energies $\sqrt{s}\approx\sqrt{mM_{Pl}}$ if the coupling to gravity
is minimal. Unitarity up to energies $\sqrt{s}\approx M_{Pl}$ is
restored by adding a suitable non-minimal term, which gives rise to
interactions violating the (strong) equivalence principle. These
interactions are only relevant at distances $d\lequiv 1/m$.
Paper: gr-qc/9303014
From: ISTVAN@RMK520.RMKI.KFKI.HU
Date: Wed, 10 Mar 1993 16:24:01 +0100 (WET)
MAXWELL FIELDS IN SPACETIMES ADMITTING NON-NULL KILLING VECTORS, by Istvan
Racz, 7 pages,PACS numbers: 04.20.Cv, 04.20.Me, 04.40.+c
We consider source-free electromagnetic fields in spacetimes
possessing a non-null Killing vector field, $\xi^a$. We assume
further that the electromagnetic field tensor, $F_{ab}$, is
invariant under the action of the isometry group induced by $\xi^a$.
It is proved that whenever the two potentials associated with the
electromagnetic field are functionally independent the entire
content of Maxwell's equations is equivalent to the relation
$\n^aT_{ab}=0$. Since this relation is implied by Einstein's
equation we argue that it is enough to solve merely Einstein's
equation for these electrovac spacetimes because the relevant
equations of motion will be satisfied automatically. It is also
shown that for the exceptional case of functionally related
potentials $\n^aT_{ab}=0$ implies along with one of the relevant
equations of motion that the complementary equation concerning the
electromagnetic field is satisfied.
Paper: gr-qc/9310007 (Physica Scripta 48, 649 (1993))
From: harald@nordita.dk (Harald H. Soleng)
Date: Mon, 4 Oct 93 13:18:04 +0100
INVERSE SQUARE LAW OF GRAVITATION IN (2+1)-DIMENSIONAL SPACE-TIME AS A
CONSEQUENCE OF CASIMIR ENERGY, H. H. Soleng, 10 pages, LaTeX, Report:
UPR-0540-T, To appear in Physica Scripta.
The gravitational effect of vacuum polarization in space exterior to
a particle in (2+1)-dimensional Einstein theory is investigated. In
the weak field limit this gravitational field corresponds to an
inverse square law of gravitational attraction, even though the
gravitational mass of the quantum vacuum is negative. The paradox is
resolved by considering a particle of finite extension and taking
into account the vacuum polarization in its interior.
Paper: gr-qc/9310019
From: rri!bri@rri.ernet.in (B.R.Iyer)
Date: Tue, 12 Oct 93 12:44:52 IST
THE FRENET SERRET DESCRIPTION OF GYROSCOPIC PRECESSION B.R.Iyer and
C.V.Vishveshwara , 37 pages, Paper in Latex.
The phenomenon of gyroscopic precession is studied within the
framework of Frenet-Serret formalism adapted to quasi-Killing
trajectories. Its relation to the congruence vorticity is
highlighted with particular reference to the irrotational congruence
admitted by the stationary, axisymmetric spacetime. General
precession formulae are obtained for circular orbits with arbitrary
constant angular speeds. By successive reduction, different types of
precessions are derived for the Kerr - Schwarzschild - Minkowski
spacetime family. The phenomenon is studied in the case of other
interesting spacetimes, such as the De Sitter and Godel
universes as well as the general stationary, cylindrical, vacuum
spacetimes.
Paper: gr-qc/9310030
From: khatsymovsky
Date: Thu, 21 Oct 93 16:39:25 +0100
Can wormholes exist? V.Khatsymovsky, 10 pages, Plain LaTeX, preprint
UUITP-20/1993
Renormalized vacuum expectation values of electromagnetic
stress-energy tensor are calculated in the background
spherically-symmetrical metric of the wormhole's topology. Covariant
geodesic point separation method of regularization is used.
Violation of the weak energy condition at the throat of wormhole
takes place for geometry sufficiently close to that of infinitely
long wormhole of constant radius irrespectively of the detailed form
of metric. This is an argument in favour of possibility of existence
of selfconsistent wormhole in empty space maintained by vacuum field
fluctuations in the wormhole's background.
Paper: hep-th/9402046
From: LANDI@SUHEP.PHY.SYR.EDU
Date: Tue, 08 Feb 1994 15:09:39 -0500 (EST)
GRAVITY AND ELECTROMAGNETISM IN NONCOMMUTATIVE GEOMETRY, Giovanni Landi,
Nguyen Ai Viet, Kameshwar C.Wali, 1 + 11 pages, Report # SU-4240-566,
We present a unified description of gravity and electromagnetism in
the framework of a Z2 noncommutative differential calculus. It
can be considered as a ``discrete version" of Kaluza-Klein theory,
where the fifth continuous dimension is replaced by two discrete
points. We derive an action which coincides with the dimensionally
reduced one of the ordinary Kaluza-Klein theory.
Paper: gr-qc/9404016
From: David Garfinkle
Date: Sun, 10 Apr 1994 17:44:50 -0400
Generating new magnetic universe solutions from old. By David Garfinkle and
M.A. Melvin. 17 pages
In this paper we apply the techniques which have been developed over
the last few decades for generating nontrivially new solutions of
the Einstein-Maxwell equations from seed solutions for simple
spacetimes. The simple seed spacetime which we choose is the
"magnetic universe" to which we apply the Ehlers transformation.
Three interesting non-singular metrics are generated. Two of these
may be described as "rotating magnetic universes" and the third as
an "evolving magnetic universe." Each is causally complete - in that
all timelike and lightlike geodesics do not end in a finite time or
affine parameter. We also give the electromagnetic field in each
case. For the two rotating stationary cases we give the projection
with respect to a stationary observer of the electromagnetic field
into electric and magnetic components.
Paper: gr-qc/9404065 (Phys. Rev. D50 (1994) 6190)
From: carroll@marie.mit.edu (Sean Carroll)
Date: Sun, 1 May 1994 16:35:00 -0400
Energy-Momentum Restrictions on the Creation of Gott Time Machines, by Sean
M. Carroll, Edward Farhi, Alan H. Guth, and Ken D. Olum. Plain TeX, 41 pages
incl. 9 figures. MIT-CTP #2252.
The discovery by Gott of a remarkably simple spacetime with closed
timelike curves (CTC's) provides a tool for investigating how the
creation of time machines is prevented in classical general
relativity. The Gott spacetime contains two infinitely long,
parallel cosmic strings, which can equivalently be viewed as point
masses in (2+1)-dimensional gravity. We examine the possibility of
building such a time machine in an open universe. Specifically, we
consider initial data specified on an edgeless, noncompact,
spacelike hypersurface, for which the total momentum is timelike
(i.e., not the momentum of a Gott spacetime). In contrast to the
case of a closed universe (in which Gott pairs, although not CTC's,
can be produced from the decay of stationary particles), we find
that there is never enough energy for a Gott-like time machine to
evolve from the specified data; it is impossible to accelerate two
particles to sufficiently high velocity. Thus, the no-CTC theorems
of Tipler and Hawking are enforced in an open (2+1)-dimensional
universe by a mechanism different from that which operates in a
closed universe. In proving our result, we develop a simple method
to understand the inequalities that restrict the result of combining
momenta in (2+1)-dimensional gravity.
Paper: gr-qc/9405050
From: MATSAS@IFT.UESP.ANSP.BR
Date: Mon, 23 May 1994 15:01 BSC (-0300 C)
DO INERTIAL ELECTRIC CHARGES RADIATE WITH RESPECT TO UNIFORMLY ACCELERATED
OBSERVERS?, George E.A. Matsas, 6 pages (REVTEX 3.0), IFT-P017/94.
We revisit the long standing problem of analyzing an inertial
electric charge from the point of view of uniformly accelerated
observers in the context of semi-classical gravity. We choose a
suitable set of accelerated observers with respect to which there is
no photon emission coming from the inertial charge. We discuss this
result against previous claims [F. Rohrlich, Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) vol:
22, 169 (1963)]. (This Essay was awarded a Honorable Mention for
1994 by the Gravity Research Foundation.)
Paper: gr-qc/9406032
From: wam@tdo-serv.lanl.gov (Warner A. Miller)
Date: Mon, 20 Jun 94 14:44:42 MDT
Spin Dynamics of the LAGEOS Satellite in Support of a Measurement of the
Earth's Gravitomagnetism, Salman Habib, Daniel E. Holz, Arkady Kheyfets,
Richard A. Matzner, Warner A. Miller and Brian W. Tolman, 16 pages, RevTeX,
LA-UR-94-1289. (Part I of II, postscript figures in Part II).
LAGEOS is an accurately-tracked, dense spherical satellite covered
with 426 retroreflectors. The tracking accuracy is such as to yield
a medium term (years to decades) inertial reference frame determined
via relatively inexpensive observations. This frame is used as an
adjunct to the more difficult and data intensive VLBI absolute frame
measurements. There is a substantial secular precession of the
satellite's line of nodes consistent with the classical, Newtonian
precession due to the non-sphericity of the earth. Ciufolini has
suggested the launch of an identical satellite (LAGEOS-3) into an
orbit supplementary to that of LAGEOS-1: LAGEOS-3 would then
experience an equal and opposite classical precession to that of
LAGEOS-1. Besides providing a more accurate real-time measurement of
the earth's length of day and polar wobble, this paired-satellite
experiment would provide the first direct measurement of the general
relativistic frame-dragging effect. Of the five dominant error
sources in this experiment, the largest one involves surface forces
on the satellite, and their consequent impact on the orbital nodal
precession. The surface forces are a function of the spin dynamics
of the satellite. Consequently, we undertake here a theoretical
effort to model the spin ndynamics of LAGEOS. In this paper we
present our preliminary results.
Paper: gr-qc/9407003
From: William Bruckman
Date: Tue, 5 Jul 94 09:06:49 EDT
Generation of Electro and Magneto Static Solutions of the Scalar-Tensor
Theories of Gravity, William Bruckman, 28 pages, LaTeX.
The field equations of the scalar-tensor theories of gravitation are
presented in different representations, related to each other by
conformal transformations of the metric. One of the representations
resembles the Jordan-Brans-Dicke theory, and is the starting point
for the generation of exact electrostatic and magnetostatic exterior
solutions. The corresponding solutions for each specific theory can
be obtained by transforming back to the original canonical
representation, and the conversions are given for the theories of
Jordan-Brans-Dicke, Barker, Schwinger, and conformally invariant
coupling. The electrostatic solutions represent the exterior metrics
and fields of configurations where the gravitational and electric
equipotential surfaces have the same symmetry. A particular family
of electrostatic solutions is developed, which includes as special
case the spherically symmetric solutions of the scalar-tensor
theories. As expected, they reduce to the well-known
Reissner-Nordstrom metric when the scalar field is set equal to
a constant. The analysis of the Jordan-Brans-Dicke metric yields an
upper bound for the mass-radius ratio of static stars, for a class
of interior structures.
Paper: gr-qc/9407030
From: Marco SISSA +39(40)3787522
Date: Thu, 21 Jul 1994 15:10:04 +0200
QUANTUM ELECTROMAGNETIC WORMHOLES AND GEOMETRICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE ELECTRIC
CHARGE by Marco Cavaglia 13 pages, PLAIN TEX, Report No: SISSA 92/94/A (to
appear in Phys. Rev. D15).
I present and discuss a class of solutions of the Wheeler-de Witt
equation describing wormholes generated by coupling of gravity to
the electromagnetic field for Kantowski-Sachs and Bianchi I
spacetimes. Since the electric charge can be viewed as electric
lines of force trapped in a finite region of spacetime, these
solutions can be interpreted as the quantum corresponding of the
Ein-stein--Rosen--Misner--Wheeler electromagnetic geon.
Paper: gr-qc/9409060 (Annals of Physics vol. 240 432--458 (1995))
From: soleng@surya11.cern.ch (Harald SOLENG)
Date: Thu, 29 Sep 94 14:01:03 +0100
Modification of the Coulomb potential from a Kaluza-Klein model with a
Gauss-Bonnet term in the action, by H. H. Soleng and O. Gron, 27 pages,
compressed and uuencoded postscript file with unpacking instructions; major
revision to section IV.D.2 on pages 15-16 ("Corrections to the Coulomb
potential at short distances") and to the figure on page 27,
to be published in The Annals of Physics (NY), NORDITA 94/50
In four dimensions a Gauss-Bonnet term in the action corresponds
to a total derivative, and it does not contribute to the classical
equations of motion. For higher-dimensional geometries this term has
the interesting property (shared with other dimensionally continued
Euler densities) that when the action is varied with respect to the
metric, it gives rise to a symmetric, covariantly conserved tensor
of rank two which is a function of the metric and its first and
second order derivatives. Here we review the unification of General
Relativity and electromagnetism in the classical five-dimensional,
restricted (with g55 = 1) Kaluza-Klein model. Then we discuss the
modifications of the Einstein-Maxwell theory that results from
adding the Gauss-Bonnet term in the action. The resulting
four-dimensional theory describes a non-linear U(1) gauge theory
non-minimally coupled to gravity. For a point charge at rest, we
find a perturbative solution for large distances which gives a
mass-dependent correction to the Coulomb potential. Near the source
we find a power-law solution which seems to cure the short-distance
divergency of the Coulomb potential. Possible ways to obtain an
experimental upper limit to the coupling of the hypothetical
Gauss-Bonnet term are also considered.
Paper: hep-th/9410046
From: M.J. Duff
Date: Fri, 7 Oct 94 13:04:15 BST
KALUZA-KLEIN THEORY IN PERSPECTIVE, M. J. Duff, 38 pages latex, NI-94-015
The Kaluza-Klein idea of extra spacetime dimensions continues to
pervade current attempts to unify the fundamental forces, but in
ways somewhat different from that originally envisaged. We present a
modern perspective on the role of internal dimensions in physics,
focussing in particular on superstring theory. A novel result is the
interpretation of Kaluza-Klein string states as extreme black
holes.(Talk delivered at the Oskar Klein Centenary Nobel Symposium,
Stockholm, September 19-21, 1994.)
Paper: gr-qc/9509018
From: nunez@venus.fisica.unlp.edu.ar (NUNEZ Carlos)
Date: Fri, 8 Sep 95 15:05:13 EST
Title: On Pseudospherically Symmetric Repulsive Gravitational Field
Authors: Luis A. Anchordoqui, Graciela S. Birman, Jose D. Edelstein
and Carlos Nunez Report-no: La Plata-Th 95/23
The solution of Einstein vacuum equation, for a static
pseudospherically symmetric system, is presented. It describes a
singular solution that produces a repulsive gravitational field with
an event horizon. We analyse particle motion in such a gravitational
field and comment on some interesting features of the solution.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
"The Origin of the Electromagnetic Interaction in Einstien's Unified
Field Theory", Antoci,S. General Relativity and Gravitation,
Vol 23 No 1, 1991
Recently it has been shown that, if sources are appended in a certain
way to the field equations of Einstein's unified theory, the contracted
Bianchi identities and the field operations appear endowed with definite
physical meaning. The theory looks like a gravoelectrodynamics in a
polarizable Riemmannian continuum. The wealth of the implied possibilities
is far richer than in the so-called Einstein-Maxwell theory.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Paper: HEP-TH/9411092
From: hssong@phyy.snu.ac.kr
Date: Mon, 14 Nov 94 15:19:29 KST
Title: Factorization and polarization in linearized gravity
Authors: S.Y. Choi, J.S. Shim, H.S. Song
Comments: 45 pages, figures are included (uses pictex), RevTex
Report-no: KEK-TH-415, HYUPT-94/10, SNUTP 94-03,
We investigate all the four-body graviton interaction processes:
gX -> gamma X, gX -> gX, and gg -> gg,
with X as an elementary particle of spin less than two in the
context of linearized gravity except the spin-3/2 case. We show
explicitly that gravitational gauge invariance and Lorentz
invariance cause every four-body graviton scattering amplitude to be
factorized. We explore the implications of this factorization
property by investigating polarization effects through the covariant
density matrix formalism in each four-body graviton scattering
process.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Causality, electromagnetic induction, and gravitation : a different approach
to the theory of electromagnetic and gravitational fields/ Oleg D. Jefimenko.
Star City [West Virginia] : Electret Scientific Co., c1992. xii, 180 p. :
LC CALL NUMBER: QC665.E4 J44 1992
SUBJECTS: Electromagnetic fields. Gravitational fields. Causality.
Maxwell Equations.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTER-GRAVITATION: The sustaining of an object in space by means
of a counter-gravitational effect produced through the
action of an electric field upon the object. Associated with
the effects of levitation in this manner, is a simultaneous
appearance of a strange luminous halo that appears at about
500,000 volts.
Sources: American Philosophical Society, Proceedings. Philadelphia,
PA, years 1914-1929. Articles on Charles F. Brush's
experiments.
Electrical Experimenter. "Can Electricity Destroy
Gravitation?", New York, March 1918.
Electrical Experimenter. "Piggott's Electro-gravitation
Experiment", Vol. 8, 1920.
Hooper, William J., New Horizons in Electric, Magnetic,
and Gravitational Field Theory, Principia College, Elsah,
IL, 1974.
The Scientific Papers of James Clerk Maxwell. Vol. II,
W.D. Niven (ed.), Constable & Co., London, 1965. "Le Sage
Theory of Gravitation".
Transactions of the Academy of Science. "Nipher's
Gravitation Experiments", Vol. 23, pp. 163-192+, St.
Louis, 1916.
US patent No. 1,006,786, Piggott.
3,518,462, Brown.
3,610,971, Hooper.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
"Journal of Propulsion and Power" of the AIAA, R.H. Woodward Waesche,
Science Applications International Corporation, Editor in Chief.
This Journal is devoted to the advancement of the science and technology
of aerospace propulsion and power through the dissemination of original
archival papers contributing to advancements in airbreathing, electric,
and advanced propulsion; solid and liquid rockets; fuels and propellants;
power generation and conversion for aerospace vehicles; and the application
of aerospace science and technology to terrestrial energy devices and
systems. It is intended to provide readers of the Journal, with primary
interests in propulsion and power, access to papers spanning the range from
research through development to applications. Papers in these disciplines
and the sciences of combustion, fluid mechanics, and solid mechanics as
directly related to propulsion and power are solicited.
Published Bimonthly
AIAA Members $42.00 per year ($72.00 outside North America)
Institutions $300.00 per year ($360.00 outside North America)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
I have recently come into possession of a paper on magneto-gravitics
and field resonance systems, presented by A.C. Holt from NASA Johnson
Space Center to the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics'
16th Joint Propulsion Conference, June 30-July 2, 1980.
Holt presents a project using an already existing system known as the
Coherent Field and Energy Resonance System (CoFERS) [probably located
at Los Alamos Labs' High Magnetic Field Research Laboratory].
CoFERS utilizes a toroidal-shaped energy guide with megagauss magnetic
field sources located along radius vectors equally spaced around the toroid.
CoFERS is shaped like a thick flying disc.
Holt goes on to say: "By converying an object's normal space-time
energy pattern to an energy pattern which differs substantially from the
normal pattern, the gravitational forces acting on the object are changed.
The object's new pattern interacts with the surrounding space-time and
virtual energy patterns, such that the interactive forces are substantially
altered. The alteration of the characteristics of the continuous field of
force results in the apparent motion of the object *through space-time*."
[...] "Since the gravitational forces acting on the propulsion system can be
quickly altered to achieve the desired motion, the *spacecraft* can make
right-angle turns at very-high velocities without adversely affecting the
crew or system elements. The effective gravitational field the *spacecraft/
aircraft* experiences can be nearly simultaneously reoriented at a 90-
degree angle, resulting in a smooth continuous motion as far as the
occupants are concerned." [ ... ] "The gravimagnetic system is perhaps
best suited for use in and around ... a large mass such as the Earth."
"While the gravimagnetic system is likely to be the first field-dependent
propulsion system developed, the field resonance system will **bring stellar
and galactic travel out of the realm of science fiction**. The field
resonance system artificially generates an energy pattern which precisely
matches or resonates with a virtual pattern associated with a distent
space-time point. According to the model, if a fundamental or precise
resonance is established, (using hydromagnetic wave fine-tuning techniques),
the spacecraft will be very strongly and equally repelled by surrounding
virtual patterns. At the same time, through the virtual many-dimensional
structure of space-time, a very strong attraction with the virtual pattern
of a distant space-time point will exist. ...this combination of very
strong forces will result in the translocation of the spacecraft from its
initial position through the many-dimensional virtual structure to the
distant space-time point. [ ... ] "A space-time 'jump' already appears to
be supported by astrophysical research."
Should you wish the entirety of this report, "Prospects for a Breakthrough
in Field Dependent Propulsion" by A.C. Holt, you can order it from AeroPlus
Dispatch, 1722 Gilbreth Road, Burlingame, CA 94010; phone: (800)-662-AERO.
The paper/conference number is AIAA-80-1233 (American Institute of
Aeronautics and Astronautics, June 30-July 2, 1980 - 16th Annual Conference.
-- Rich Boylan
There is also a great article discussing the work of A.C. Holt in the
Electric Spacecraft Journal: Issue No. 5, June 30, 1992.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
GENERAL RELATIVITY & QUANTUM COSMOLOGY, ABSTRACT GR-QC/9601024
From: MONTANARI@axpfe1.fe.infn.it
Date: Wed, 17 Jan 1996 13:01:16 +0100 (CET)
Coherent Interaction of a Monochromatic Gravitational Wave with both
Matter and Electromagnetic Circuits
Author(s): Enrico Montanari (1) , Pierluigi Fortini (1) ((1)
University of Ferrara,INFN sezione di Ferrara, Italy)
The interaction of a gravitational wave with a system made of an RLC
circuit forming one end of a mechanical harmonic oscillator is
investigated. We show that, in some configurations, the coherent
interaction of the wave with both the mechanical oscillator and the
RLC circuit gives rise to a mechanical quality factor increase of
the electromagnetic signal. When this system is used as an amplifier
of gravitational periodic signals a sensitivity of $10^{-30}$ on the
amplitude of the metric could be achieved.
GENERAL RELATIVITY & QUANTUM COSMOLOGY, ABSTRACT GR-QC/9602004
From: wells@cfaitamp2.harvard.edu (Jack Wells)
Date: Thu, 1 Feb 1996 16:50:06 -0500
Gravitational Interaction of Spinning Bodies, Center-of-Mass Coordinate
and Radiation of Compact Binary Systems
Author(s): I.B. Khriplovich, A.A. Pomeransky
Spin-orbit and spin-spin effects in the gravitational interaction
are treated in a close analogy with the fine and hyperfine
interactions in atoms. The proper definition of the cener-of-mass
coordinate is discussed. The technique developed is applied then to
the gravitational radiation of compact binary stars. Our result for
the spin-orbit correction differs from that obtained by other
authors. New effects possible for the motion of a spinning particle
in a gravitational field are pointed out. The corresponding
corrections, nonlinear in spin, are in principle of the same order
of magnitude as the ordinary spin-spin interaction.
HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS - THEORY, ABSTRACT HEP-TH/9601119
From: gonzalez@fyma.ucl.ac.be
Date: Tue, 23 Jan 1996 10:03:41 +0100 (MET)
Spinning Relativistic Particle in an External Electromagnetic Field
Author(s): M. Chaichian , R. Gonzalez Felipe , D. Louis Martinez
The Hamiltonian formulation of the motion of a spinning relativistic
particle in an external electromagnetic field is considered. The
approach is based on the introduction of new coordinates and their
conjugated momenta to describe the spin degrees of freedom together
with an appropriate set of constraints in the Dirac formulation. For
particles with gyromagnetic ratio $g=2$, the equations of motion do
not predict any deviation from the standard Lorentz force, while for
$g \neq 2$ an additional force, which corresponds to the magnetic
dipole force, is obtained.
HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS - PHENOMENOLOGY, ABSTRACT HEP-PH/9601280
From: MAREK@taunivm.tau.ac.il
Date: 16 Jan 96 19:19 IST
The Strange Spin of the Nucleon
Authors: John Ellis (CERN) , Marek Karliner (Tel-Aviv Univ.)
Comments: Invited Lectures at the International School of Nucleon Spin
Structure, Erice, August 1995.
The recent series of experiments on polarized lepton-nucleon
scattering have provided a strange new twist in the story of the
nucleon, some of whose aspects are reviewed in these lectures. In
the first lecture, we review some issues arising in the analysis of
the data on polarized structure functions, focusing in particular on
the importance and treatment of high-order QCD perturbation theory.
In the second lecture some possible interpretations of the ``EMC
spin effect" are reviewed, principally in the chiral soliton
(Skyrmion) approach, but also interpretations related to the axial
$U(1)$ anomaly. This lecture also discusses other indications from
recent LEAR data for an $\bar{s} s$ component in the nucleon wave
function, and discusses test of a model for this component. Finally,
the third lecture reviews the implications of polarized structure
functions measurements for experiments to search for cold dark
matter particles, such as the lightest supersymmetric particle and
the axion, after reviewing briefly the astrophysical and
cosmological evidence for cold dark matter.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
"Mechanical Propulsion From Unsymmetrical Magnetic Induction Fields"
by: R.L. Schlicher A.W. Biggs W.J. Tedeschi
31st AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit,
July 10-12 1995
A method is presented for generating mechanical spacecraft propulsion
from unsymmetrical magnetic induction fields. It is based on an
unsymmetrical three-dimensional loop antenna structure driven by a
repetitively-pulsed high-current power supply. Antenna geometry is
optimized for generating propulsive thrust rather than radiating
electromagnetic energy. A magnetic field density gradient imbalances
the magneto-mechanical forces that result from the interations of
the internal magnetic induction field with the current in the conductors
of the antenna structure.
From Richard Feynman's Lectures on Physics we learn that there is
intrinsic field energy and momentum density associated with a static
electro-magnetic field configuration. When there is a change in the
magnetic field, this field energy and momentum can be directly
converted into kinetic energy and mechanical momentum. Feynman
illustrates this with an electromagnetic carousel paradox. In this
paradox, a dielectric disk (which is embedded with small charged spheres
along its circumference) rotates without any apparent "counter" torque
in the system. Before this rotation occurs, the dielectric disk is
immersed in a static magnetic field. The subsequent rotation occurs as
a consequence to reducing the previously static magnetic field to zero.
The angular momentum and rotational kinetic energy comes directly from
the initial static magnetic field.
"The Feynman Lectures on Physics" by Richard Feynman, R.B. Leighton, and
M. Sands, Volume II p 17-6
"Nonlinear Electromagnetic Propulsion System and Method", R.L. Schlicher
Nineteenth Power Modulation Symposium of the IEEE, 1990 Page 139
"Classical Electrodynamics" by C.D. Jackson, 2nd Edition, John Wiley and
Sons, New York, 1975
"The Feynman Lectures on Physics" Richard Feynman, R.B. Leighton, and
M. Sands, Volume II p 27-9
US Patent #5142861, "Nonlinear Electromagnetic Propulsion System",
R.L. Schlicher et al. 1992
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dr Peter Graneau has conducted experiments which he claims provide
a demonstration of departure from classical electrodynamics at
high currents levels. A force is found to exist in a direction
longitudinal to current flow. Graneau ran a variety of types
of experiments with a metal rod conductor immersed in a conductive
fluid (mercury, or saline solution). With high amperage passing
through the solution the metal rod is found to move in a longitudinal
direction. There is no known explanation in conventional EM theory.
This force may be similar to the force (v X B) that William Hooper
finds in a noninductive coil. Or Graneau's longitudinal force may be
a coupling between the electromagnetic and inertial/gravitational
fields, which is predicted by some 5-D unified EM/gravitational
theories -- predicted to result from a divergence of the electric
current vector field. Graneau's experiments should be relatively
easy to duplicate. I can find no record that anyone has ever done so.
Graneau has also discovered apparently anomalous forces and effects
in high energy electromechanical devices such as rail guns and
induction motors.
AUTHOR: Graneau, Peter.
TITLE: Ampere-Neumann electrodynamics of metals/Peter Graneau.
PUBL.: Nonantuma, MA. : Hadronic Press,
FORMAT: ix, 311 p. : ill. ; 23 cm.
DATE: 1985
SUBJECT Metals--Electric properties--History.
Free electron theory of metals--History.
Electrodynamics--History.
Electric conductors--History.
ISBN: 0911767371
AUTHOR: Graneau, Peter
TITLE: Electromagnetic Jet Propulsion in the Direction
of Current Flow
In: Nature
June 18, 1982 No 295 Page 311
AUTHOR(s): Graneau, P.
TITLE(s): Ampere force calculation for filament fusion experiments.
In: Physics letters. a
MAR 22 1993 v 174 n 5/6 Page 421
AUTHOR(s): Graneau, P.
TITLE(s): Comment on "The motionally induced back-EMF in railguns".
In: Physics letters: [part A]
DEC 02 1991 v 160 n 5 Page 490
AUTHOR(s): Graneau, Peter
TITLE(s): The Difference between Newtonian and Relativistic Forces.
In: Foundations of physics letters.
OCT 01 1993 v 6 n 5 Page 491
AUTHOR(s): Graneau, P.
TITLE(s): Electrodynamic momentum measurements.
In: Journal of physics d: applied physics.
DEC 01 1988 v 21 n 12 Page 1826
AUTHOR(s): Graneau, P.
TITLE(s): Far-action versus contact action.
In: Speculations in science and technology.
1990 v 13 n 3 Page 191
AUTHOR(s): Graneau, Peter
TITLE(s): Inertia's Riddle.
Summary: Inertia has been misunderstood ever since the time of
Galileo says Dr. Graneau.
In: Electronics world + wireless world.
JAN 01 1990 v 96 n 1647 Page 60
AUTHOR(s): Graneau, P.
TITLE(s): Longitudinal forces in Ampere's wire-arc experiment.
In: Physics letters: [part A]
MAY 08 1989 v 137 n 3 Page 87
AUTHOR(s): Graneau, P. Thompson, D.S. Morrill, S.L.
TITLE(s): The motionally induced back-emf in railguns.
In: Physics letters: [part A]
APR 30 1990 v 145 n 8/9 Page 396
AUTHOR(s): Graneau, Peter
TITLE(s): Nonlocal Action in the Induction Motor.
In: Foundations of physics letters.
OCT 01 1991 v 4 n 5 Page 499
AUTHOR(s): Graneau, P. Graneau, N.
TITLE(s): The role of Ampere forces in nuclear fusion.
In: Physics letters: [part A]
MAY 04 1992 v 165 n 1 Page 1
AUTHOR: Graneau, Peter.
TITLE: Underground power transmission : the science, technology,
and economics of high voltage cables / Peter Graneau.
PUBL.: New York : Wiley,
FORMAT: x, 515 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.
DATE: 1979
SUBJECT: Electric cables
Electric power transmission
Electric lines--Underground
ISBN: 0471057576
----------------------------------------------------------------------
I see that Graneau has devoted himself to the electric railgun. I
looked a bit into this phenomena in 1994. I will now be able look a
bit further. It seems that Graneau beleives in free energy in vacuum.
The railgun and the theories about it are very controversial. There
is a conflict between PhD Witalis, who works for the Swedish Defense,
and the established plasmaphysiscists here in Uppsala. Witalis has
condemned controlled hot fusion.
-- David Jo