Global Web Presence for CR

Phil Hughes

December 28, 2000 Updated: Wed Jan 31 07:49:43 PST 2001

A plan that would get all in Costa Rica who wanted it to be on the web.

Table of Contents

1: Why One Global Site?

2: Funding

3: Advantages to Costa Rica

4: Where I Fit In

5: Implementation Details

6: Samples



This is a proposal to create a common, universal, multi-lingual web presence for all businesses and organizations within Costa Rica. This site is not intended to replace current private or government-run site. The intent is to augment these existing sites and encourage the creation of additional web presence in Costa Rica.

This site will include:

  • General information about Costa Rica and links to other sources of information. (The intent here is to, as much as possible, link to existing sites.)
  • A web page for any entity (vendor) that wishes to be listed. (This is the majority of the new content.)
  • Multi-lingual access with all non-vendor information in initially Spanish and English with later expansion to additional languages.
  • Support for multi-lingual content in each vendor entry.
  • Discussions associated with all vendor entries.
  • A sophisticated search mechanism.
  • All of these features would be available free of charge to listed vendors as well as web users.

    Some definitions are in order:

    universal
    Every business entity will have the right to be listed.

    common
    Every business entity--whether it is a sole proprietorship or a large corporation will have equal access to a web presence.

    free
    There will be no mandatory costs associated with having a listing and associated discussion.

    The basic vendor presence will include:

  • Alphabetical listing
  • Descriptive entries in multiple languages
  • Search by location (locale and locator map)
  • Search by business type
  • Search by multiple keywords
  • Optional link to additional web presence
  • Additionally, the following services will be available on the site for a fee:

  • Vendor logo
  • Custom web pages
  • E-commerce capabilities
  • Paid advertising (web banners)
  • Those companies who do not have the interest or expertise in creating their own presence may contract with others to perform the task. A listing of Certified Content Providers (CCPs) which can perform this service will be available on the web site. This registration process will involve a small fee and will help ensure high quality entries.

    1: Why One Global Site?

    Right now there are a whole host of different sites--some that cater to tourism, some that specifically address moving to Costa Rica, some that a specific to sale of real estate and so on. On the government end there is ICE's White Pages and pages of specific agencies such as CINDE.

    Each of these sites has a specific purpose. Commercial sites tend to be built to make money for a particular segment of the economy whereas government sites tend to be there to decrease the cost and time involved in distributing information.

    These are all well and good but, for the person searching for information, having one consistent way to search for that information rather than a long list possible locations is what is needed. In addition, as web technology evolves, the way of presenting information changes. Three examples here are: describe(

    Wireless Access Protocol (WAP)
    This is the protocol used by celluar phones for web access. Because of display limitations, how the information is presented is quite different from traditional web browsers.

    Bandwidth Considerations
    For low-speed Internet connections, graphics-intensive web sites are a big waste of time. While ultimately, a graphics-intensive page may be necessary, for example, to display a specific product, efficient searches may require close to a text-only page.

    New Postal Addresses
    If the new postal service plan to replace the current landmark and meter system of addresses is a success, all address information will need to be updated. Besides offering a central place for this information, this site could be instrumental in the success of the post office plan. )

    Rather than expect each web site to address these different technologies, incorporating these considerations into the design of one master site is more efficient for everyone as well as making it possible to more quickly offer all informaiton on Costa Rica in an up-and-coming format

    While many private companies could develop the type of system being proposed here, there is a significant advantage to government involvement. Much like health care, the cost of multiple providers makes a single-provider solution optimal. One provider with equal treatment for anyone interested in the service adds significant credibility to the solution. This will both encourage businesses to participate and increase access volume.

    That said, this system is not trying to compete with a private web presence for anyone wishing to have that presence. This system will act as the presence for anyone new to the web but will also act as a master index for everyone who has their own web site. Having such an index available for free will likely encourage companies who, up to now, have not been on the web to create their own sites.

    2: Funding

    This project will become self-supporting. By will become I mean that there will be startup costs but operational revenues will cover operational expenses with a surplus that will, eventually, pay back startup costs.

    Startup Costs

    It is expected that much of the startup costs will be in the form of salaries. It is our intent to employ Costa Rican workers wherever possible. The other startup costs could be covered by either government or private investment as well as grants. There is nothing in this plan that dictates which must be done and, in fact, a combination of government and private financing may be the best solution. For example, it might be desirable that the government pay individual salaries and private financing and grants be used for equipment acquisition.

    Cost/Revenue Sharing

    The development model I propose will minimize startup costs, encourage participation and help distribute revenues to those who see this system as good for all involved. Specifically, the use of contractors (Certified Content Providers) to help develop content makes this possible.

    These companies or individuals will be offered an opportunity to seek whatever business they want with regard to vendor listings. Their fees will be paid by the vendors themselves. Their own business sense and ambition will determine their level of income from the project.

    Ongoing Revenue Sources

    There are many sources of ongoing revenue. They include:

    Direct Income Sources

    icons or logos
    I small graphic associated with an otherwise free entry. This could be in the form of a company logo or an icon that indicates a particular industry or type of business.

    Banner ads
    Standard banner ads that are displayed on web pages. The intent is to allow vendors to purchase specified numbers of impressions.

    Web hosting sales
    Renting server space and bandwidth for those who wish to host their custom space on our servers.

    E-commerce fees
    Monthly and transaction fees for those businesses who elect to use our secure e-commerce capabilities.

    Certification fees
    Fees charged to register Certified Content Providers.

    Surveys
    Custom surveys, based on our web statistics, can be preformed at a vendor's request.

    Note that Certified Content Providers should receive a percentage of the ICON, banner ad and web space sales revenue. This will encourage them to offer this to their customers along with the development of the customer's free presence.

    Indirect Income Sources

  • Additional Internet users (benefits ICE and RACSA)
  • Increased tourism and trade
  • Postage and export fees
  • More income potential of skilled work-force
  • 3: Advantages to Costa Rica

    The Internet is clearly the wave of the future. Used correctly, it offers an amazing vehicle for promotion. Those who don't use it will be left out.

    The goal here is to figure out how to reap the benefits of the Internet without spending heavily. It is also an advantage if any necessary spending can be done locally (within Costa Rica) rather than on outside equipment and services.

    Minimization of Hardware Costs

    The purchase of computer hardware, much like automobiles, exports capital from Costa Rica. Any sort of Internet presence is going to require investing in computer hardware. The best approach here is to make sure that the correct decisions are made to optimize the use of that hardware.

    The best way to optimize that hardware use is with efficient software. For example, a performance advantage of 10 to 1 is easily obtained by selecting efficient web server and database software. Larger advantages are possible by customization.

    Minimization of Software Costs

    Like hardware, software purchases export money from Costa Rica. However, there is software available for free that will perform the necessary tasks to establish this web presence. Specifically, I am talking about:

  • The Linux operating system -- Linux is similar to the UNIX system that RACSA uses but is available for free and can be run on various hardware platforms including inexpensive Personal Computers. Linux is extremely reliable and efficient when used as the base for a web server.
  • Apache web server -- Apache is a web server that was developed to, once again, offer efficient web service in a number of different environments. Because of it's usefulness and market penetration (the majority of the web servers on the Internet today run Apache and most of those Apache sites run on Linux systems). Like Linux, Apache is available for free.
  • PHP -- PHP is a scripting language designed specifically for the World Wide Web. This makes it possible to build dynamic web content by accessing stored information in a database. Once again, it is efficient and available for free.
  • MySQL or PostgreSQL -- These are two databases. They are both available for free. At this time it is too early to determine which database would be the correct choice for this project as they each have advantages. For example, MySQL offers the fastest data access but the record locking capabilities of PostgreSQL offers better overall performance as the number of record updates increases.

    The database selection decision can be delayed because it is possible in PHP to abstract the database interface. This means that all the programming can be done independent of which database is being used except one small interface module.

  • Note that the word free has two meanings here. Besides all of the proposed software being available at no cost, the source code is also included. This means that local modifications can be made the the code if desired and that you will never become victim to a software vendor's changing policies for new releases and support.

    An additional advantage of using Linux is that Ticos will become familiar with Linux and can use it for other software projects within Costa Rica. This additional work will again decrease the amount of capital that will need to be exported and will create jobs.

    Government Benefits

  • Universal access -- All businesses in Costa Rica will have equal opportunity to be listed. This means from large corporations all the way down to a soda run from someone's home. Any system that offers universal access also offers universal appeal. This is much like the recent decision to make e-mail addresses available to everyone.
  • The whole plan is progressive -- This plan has a very progressive appearance showing that the government wants to do what is best for the citizens of Costa Rica. While sounding very ambitions, the project is easy to start and can grow organically.
  • Opposition

    Will there be opposition to this plan? No plan will appear to be the right answer for everyone. For example, the use of free software will be criticized proprietary software companies as well as hardware manufacturers. Why? Because they would benefit financially from an approach that included their products.

    This approach is, however, better for Costa Rica and is, therefore, defensible.

    4: Where I Fit In

    My Vested Interests

    The quick, condensed version, is that I want to promote Linux. This would be a great project to do that. It will be self-supporting (could even make a profit) so it is free Linux promotion.

    In addition, if the project is a success in Costa Rica, similar projects could be spawned in other countries. Again, this all benefits the Linux community.

    Why I Am the Right Person

    Basically, there are three reasons I am the right person to head up this effort:

    1. I have been a member of the Linux community for eight years. My roots go back to before there was any commercial involvement in Linux and, in fact, I can be credited as being one of the significant players in helping commercialize Linux through, among other things, the publication of Linux Journal.

      Because of my long history with Linux I know and am respected by all the major players in the market. This means it is very likely that I could get companies to donate hardware and software to the project, significantly decreasing startup costs.

    2. Prior to getting into the publishing business I held jobs as a programmer, systems analyst and systems design specialist. For fifteen years I specialized in on-line and real-time systems. This work included, for example, being lead design specialist for the State of Washington's Business License Center. This experience gives me the necessary background to lead the development effort for this project. In addition, I have worked with many programmers in the Linux community making it easier for me to locate needed talent.
    3. My first trip to Costa Rica was in 1999. The trip was a bonus for my sales employees and showed me what a interesting and beautiful country Costa Rica is. Now, after three trips to Costa Rica (the last one being for most of the month of December, 2000) I know that a move to Costa Rica is what I want to do. Being able to bring my knowledge and help Costa Rica make another leap forward in the world of on-line communications fits my life goals.

    5: Implementation Details

    This paper is not intended to be a technical implementation plan. However, it is very important that those individuals who are evaluating the plan understand the scope of the project, the general organization and the general plan for implementation.

    In addition, there will need to be some decisions make within the government as to how the government/private partnerships will work. This will require an understanding of some details.

    Scope

    The plan is to offer web space to every business entity in Costa Rica. According to the Mercantile Register's Office, there are about 284,000 companies registered. Information from CINDE indicates that official businesses amount for 43% of the total businesses in Costa Rica so it is safe to assume there is appoximately 660,000 total businesses.

    I expect the site to grow fairly slowly at first as people begin to accept it and we certify more CCPs. As long as we design for the total possible data volumes it will be relatively easy to scale the hardware as the data volume and web traffic grows.

    Organization

    The project will be organized into the following phases:

    Requirements
    In this phase (which we are currently in) we will continue to collect functional requirements for the system. At the end of this phase we will have estimates related to the hardware, software and manpower requirements to implement the system in place as well as a complete list of external interfaces.

    Proof of Concept
    This will be a dummy site that will show the functionality we are looking for. By dummy I mean that it will appear like a working system but internally it will be implemented using manual changes and hand-coded data structures.

    Its two purposes are:

  • Demonstrate to verify that the needed functionality is included.
  • Act as a model when attempting to secure grants and loans for full implementation.
  • This step would be performed on a shared web server owned by someone else. For example, we could do this on the existing web server for Linux Journal.

    Design
    At this point, serious design decisions will be made for the real system. They include:
  • Data volume and load projections
  • Choice of and number of hardware platforms
  • Database software selection
  • Data structure design
  • At the end of this step we will have an implementation plan complete with milestone calendar.

    Development
    This is the meat of the project. It consists of taking the external look and feel of the Proof of Concept model and building a maintainable site.

    My hope is that we will be able to benefit from some of the learning and custom software involved in the implementation of the new Linux Journal web site which is currently in development. The programmer working on the Linux Journal site should be available in time to be a significant participant in this step.

    In addition to programming efforts, documentation will be written. Getting Costa Ricans involved in this process will help them understand the site so they will better be able to provide ongoing support.

    During this phase will will also set up the structure for certification of the web consultants and start certification.

    Pilot Implementation and Test
    It is essential that the implementation be phased rather than doing a "build everything/release everything" process. This will give us opportunity make sure the site works as desired and that the performance estimates were correct.

    The most logical approach here would be to implement a specific locale within Costa Rica. For example, the Quepos/Manuel Antonio area would offer a good mix of business types, the need for pages in various languages and could quickly act as a valuable resource. The tourist-heavy nature of the area would also offer good potential customers for advertising contracts and, thus, advertising revenue.

    At this time, if we are confident that there are no serious problems, we can turn loose the force of Certified Content Providers to start adding other all locales. Thus, at production release time we will have country-wide content.

    Production Release

    Once the pilot implementation has proved stable and any final performance issues have been addressed, its production time. Mainly, this process will consist of marketing what has been done--to new content providers that want to get certified, businesses and the expected readers.

    As the majority of the business-related content will be provided by businesses themselves and certified content providers, most of the work here is continuing to monitor the system to make sure that it is performing as expected and continued marketing.

    Enhancement

    It is likely that during this whole process, there will be other features that are seen as desirable. At this time, these features can be reviewed and, if so decided, scheduled for addition to the site. For example, while the primary purpose of the site it to offer an index to businesses, the following areas will need to be addressed:

    General content about Costa Rica
    Pages that offer useful information about CR in general plus links to other (government, organizational and commercial) pages.

    Web support
    Being able to offer e-commerce options for small businesses would be a big benefit of the site and would help out the Certified Content Providers.

    Automatic Link Checker
    People tend to move web pages without notifying all those who point to them. A system should be implemented that detects bad links and e-mails the responsible party.

    The design should make the addition of such features extremely easy.

    Ongoing Maintenance

    Any system will require ongoing maintenance. This will include:

  • Backups
  • Performance monitoring
  • Additional hardware to support increasing load
  • New technology updates
  • Much of this is common in nature with other Internet-based systems. This can be handled locally with minimal staff training.

    Staffing and Schedule

    The scope of this project is to get every business entity in Costa Rica on the web. This means a design that offers expandibility. I feel the proposed organization will meet those requirements.

    The hardware necessary to get the project into production consists of three web servers: one development server, one staging server and one production server. Additional production servers would be added as needed to handle load.

    A first guess at an implementation schedule is:

  • Four months elapsed time to develop the Requirements.
  • One month elapsed time demonstrate the Proof of Concept.
  • Two months elapsed time to create an approved Design.
  • Two to six months elapsed time for system Development. Until the Design phase is complete, it is very hard to pin this down any closer. If much of the work on the new Linux Journal site is applicable (very likely) then Development is likely to be around two months.
  • One month elapsed time for Pilot Implementation and Test is realistic.
  • One month after the Pilot Implementation and Test the system should be ready for Production Release.
  • At this point we are about one year out from project start. The Enhancement phase will consist of re-evaluating the requirements based on customer needs as well as changes in the Internet. The enhancement phase will be an ongoing project.
  • A first guess at staffing requirements is: describe(

    Requirements Phase
    Phil Hughes, quarter-time; technical consultants, total of quarter-time; clerical and translation, half-time.

    Proof of Concept
    Phil Hughes, quarter-time; technical consultants, total of half-time; clerical and translation, half-time.

    Design
    Phil Hughes, half-time; technical consultants, total of half-time; clerical and translation, half-time.

    Development
    Phil Hughes, half-time; technical consultants, total of full-time, clerical and translation, full-time; administrative, quarter-time.

    Pilot Implementation and Test
    Phil Hughes, half-time; technical consultants, full-time; test staff, quarter-time, clerical and translation, half-time; administrative, full-time.

    Production Release
    This is a milestone. During the production phase support requirements should be: Phil Hughes, quarter-time; technical consultants, half-time decreasing to quarter-time; clerical and translation half-time; administrative, full-time. The assumption here is that actual hardware support (which should be minimal) will have been taken over by RACSA or, if necessary, another ISP.

    Enhancement
    Additional staff on top of the Production staff can be allocated as desired. It is likely that the revenue stream will dictate how this is handled. )

    Government/Private Interfaces

    Computer/Internet Hosting

    As the government controls Internet connectivity through RACSA the interface between RACSA and the private sector is the most significant. While it is completely possible to implement this system on private-owned servers located on other networks outside Costa Rica (and, for initial testing this could make a lot of sense) in the long-term it would seem that having RACSA host and support the necessary Linux-based servers would be in the best interest of everyone.

    RACSA currently uses Sun Microsystems servers running Solaris which is a UNIX-based operating system. While Linux is essentially a clone of UNIX there are some differences. This means introduction of some new technology into RACSA facilities. Note that Linux itself in not new to government-related facilities as ICE currently uses it.

    Certified Content Providers

    The implementation plan calls for the certification of contractors to help businesses set up their web presence. We will refer to these individuals as Certified Content Providers. Some entity will have to be in charge of this certification process. While I see no real advantage of having the government performing this task, there must be agreement on who does this.

    6: Samples

    Sample Business Entry

    Sample Entry for Truckin Express, Inc.

    Preliminary Site Map

    This is very early in the specification process so this plan is extremely preliminary.

    %%% add some sort of picture here somehow. Yes, I will invent something. If CorelDraw! just ran on Linux ... :-)