Volcanoes

Some of the warming in the arctic is related to volcanic activity, not heat captured by increased carbon dioxide levels, although the volcanic activity also contributes to carbon dioxide levels.

A neighbor who fishes commercially told me he measured ocean temperatures by Sitka at 61°F. Now, here in the Puget Sound waters tend to be between 36-38°F. How is it, if the heating of the ocean is just by sunlight, that a temperate region has much colder ocean temperatures than an arctic region?

There are other sources of heat. This article in New Scientists says that there are ten times more volcanoes under the ocean than we had previously believed. There count places the number at 201,055.

Another source of heat is currents that flow from pole to pole and through the atmosphere, the result of charged particles from the Sun spiraling around magnetic field lines. I am of the opinion that the amount of power transferred this way is substantially underestimated.