Before starting this lesson, you should re-read Chapter 15 of the reference manual.
-xo complete performances (poem, song, opera, symphony, novel, war, job/task, lecture, tournament, game, course (academic), speech, research, fieldwork, meal, battle) -kwa protocols, paradigms, formalisms, programs, and designs (language, creole, dialect, program, design, protocol, code, plan/scheme, recipe, score/music, rule, law, contract, instruction/direction, standard, treaty, curriculum, custom/more) [We actually introduced "-kwa" in Lesson 1. In this lesson, we will create several additional derivations.]
xo - performance, production, show, presentation,
engagement
twinxo - activity, deed, action, feat, performance
canxo - task, job, chore, mission, assignment
funxo - meal, repast
konxo - lesson, lecture, class, unit of teaching or learning
taynxo - movie, film, motion picture, flick
tenxo - account, report, rendition, depiction, chronicle
tinxo - trip, journey, voyage, jaunt, excursion
fawnpunxo - novel, book-length story
cenkwa - recipe, food preparation instructions
cunkwa - design, plan, layout, procedure, program
penkwa - tradition, custom
pinkwa - contract, pact, compact, legal agreement or covenant
pyonkwa - instruction, direction, information about how to do
something
concu - entire, whole, complete, total, intact, undiminished
confaw - incomplete, partial, deficient, lacking, wanting,
short
confu - stew, chowder, goulash, ragout, mulligan
geci - apartment, flat, tenement, chambers
kodu - learn, find out, come to know, discover, realize
pinpesu - cost, sell for, have a price equal to
tinxe - mechanic, one who repairs and maintains vehicles and
other mechanical items
taynxonpa - movie theater, cinema, movies
poynku - enough, sufficient, adequate, ample, plenty of
kime - when, while, during, as, at [temporal], at the same
time as
kisi - spend/pass (time)
xwenpya - past-imperfect tense-aspect disjunct
xwentwe - future-imperfect tense-aspect disjunct
votwe - soon, in a short time from now, in the near future
zupya - just, just a moment ago, just (before) now, very
recently
[Note that votwe and zupya are deictic disjuncts, not adverbs!]
1. As we learned earlier, when "xa" is followed by a noun phrase, it's similar to English "of" and can be used to create genitive phrases. When "xa" is followed by a clause, however, it creates a relative clause. Here's an example:
Xasu fa pinpu xa ponko tunfa pinhi.
I had the money that you wanted.
Note that we used the anaphor "pinhi" to refer to "pinpu". English does not do this, but instead leaves what's called a "gap". Most languages, however, (including Latenkwa) fill the argument slot with an anaphor of the word that the implied argument refers to. This anaphor is called a "resumptive pronoun". In other words, most languages will say something like "I have the table that you want it", where "it" refers to "table". In Latenkwa, the resumptive pronoun must be supplied - gaps are not allowed.
2. The P/F-d suffix "-du" and the P-d suffix "-dun" can be used to derive verbs with the meaning 'to become a state' or 'to enter a state'; i.e., the patient changes to the state. Here are some examples:
Boxedun fa.
I became a plumber.
Centoydun cinfo.
The wall turned yellow.
Kodu fa ki xasu tunfa pu.
I learned that you have the book.
Note that the case tag "kedume" = 'to', which was introduced earlier,
literally means 'becoming at'.
This stew is tasty but it's very dry.
Ki funcoma confu xi gapye bokayma geto conhi.
Who stole the license plates that were in the garage?
Ponkaynfyo xede litinpu xa cinkema tinhi tinci?
I learned about the language by studying that book.
Kodu fa tenkwa kyuswa ponkoncasise pu jaxi.
The young engineer became greedy earlier when he became
a banker.
Pinkodun cunxe fyu tunkyo kime pinpunpanxedun cunhi.
Did you do the tasks that I asked you to do?
Kade kyusi tunfa licanxo xa ponte fa tunfa kyusise
canhi?
The sofa in my apartment is three meters long.
Ki fenpesu contea cinkemu geci foy fenkya giku to.
I didn't understand the movie that I saw at the movie
theater today.
Juka conko fa taynxo xa tay fa taynhi ke taynxonpa
kyo-kyamay.
How much did the farmer pay for the cat that I had
before you?
Pinpunfyo funxe kumide toswa panpwe xa xasu fa panhi
pyame tunfa?
The technician will give you the instructions later in
the train.
Xada pyonxe tunfa lipyonkwa gikyo cinke fenti.
Did the airline just give the labor union a generous
contract?
Kade zupya xada tanpi canpi pinkwa jupinkomo to?
John spent one month and seven days working at the bank.
Kisi Lajonxe gekya baku to pye kya zeku to came ke
pinpunpa.
We learned that the actual painter that painted the
classroom was very talkative.
Kodu zefa tencoma geto toynxe cu xa toyncadan toynhi
konci.
The faculty had me donate its old slow car to the poor
mechanic.
Cudan konpi ponconfyo fa ti tinfyu pe konho tomin tinxe
pinkay.
Do you know the linguist that will be teaching us the
lessons?
Kade ki kontwima tunfa tenxe xa xwentwe koncada tenhi
zefa likonxo?
Please don't paint the walls in the room that has the
stove.
Luyejuka toyncadanmoy licinfo cinkemu ci xa ki xasu
cihi cenpyo.
The quiet teacher informed me that the design was good
but that the performance was slightly fast.
Koda konxe tenkay fa poncoma cunkwa gapye tinpema voto
xo.
Our plumber told me that the chef may know about this
stew's recipe.
Te boxe zefoy fa ka ki ko cencanxe cenkwa xa confu xi.
The adults will be going shopping while the children
are cooking an entire meal.
Xwentwe pinca ligexe kime ki cencasi livoxe funxo concu
to.
I was reading a bad novel in the dining room when the
firemen broke the door.
Xwenpya tayncasi fa fawnpunxo ponkay to cinke funci
kime bonfawdan licenxe jefo.
The bird costs four dollars now but it'll cost six
dollars tomorrow.
Pinpesu twinta pinkya conku to kyo gapye pinpesu twinhi
pinkya jaku to gikyo-kyamay.
I wanted to become a businessman because I didn't have
enough money and I wanted to be wealthy.
Ponko fa pinxedunse toman juka xasu fa pinpu poynku to
pye ponko fa pincomase.
The doctor remembers the activities before the trip but
wants to hear your account.
Ki cinko bonxe litwinxo pyamu tinxo gapye ponkose
tentayse tenxo tunfoy.
It's true that I exchanged my bicycle for the
encyclopedia that you gave Mary.
Ki cuma fyo fa tunti foy toswa bikonpu xa xada tunfa
Laryaxe bihi.
The customers didn't like the merchant's performance
because it was incomplete.
Juka zayko lipintwi xo xa pinpanxe toman confawma xohi.
We'll soon go and see the bears along the road near the
canal because of our traditions.
Votwe tinca zefa pye tayse liconpwe fenkemu fe voxwamu
bofe toman lipenkwa zefoy.
John became undecided about his business after you sold
the cash registers on the black market.
Tunkodu Lajonxe pi jonho tweme pinfyo tunfa lipinpyo
kyuswa ponkaynpi.