Latenkwa Self-Study Course

Lesson 14



Required reading:

Before starting this lesson, you should re-read sections 16.5 thru 16.8 of the reference manual.

New Classifiers:

  -kaw	kinship relations, default = P/F-s noun (mother, cousin,
	  grandchild, uncle, brother)
  -poy	all professions, endeavors, and activities (politics, military
	  science, lawmaking, engineering, acting/show business,
	  farming, carpentry, linguistics, history, mathematics,
	  plumbing, science, writing, gambling, debate, soccer,
	  gymnastics, chess, gardening, hobby, divination, ministry/
	  priesthood, profession/occupation, democracy, communism,
	  religion, behaviorism).

New Vocabulary:

    poy         - profession, occupation, field, business, vocation,
			line of work
    bopoy       - plumbing, the field/study/practice of plumbing
    bonpoy      - medicine, the field/study/practice of medicine
    cenpoy      - fire fighting, the field/study/practice of fire fighting
    cunpoy      - engineering, the field/study/practice of engineering
    funpoy      - farming, raising crops, the field/study/practice of farming
    konpoy      - teaching, pedagogy, education, instruction, schooling
    tenpoy      - linguistics, the field/study/practice of linguistics
    xaynpoy     - biology, the field/study/practice of biology
    zaypoy      - hobby, avocation, sideline, pastime, spare-time
			activity
    zayxe       - hobbyist, enthusiast

    poyncu      - straight, unbent, unbowed
    poynfaw     - crooked, bent, bowed, akimbo
    poynke      - parallel to, equidistant from, not at an angle to
    poynkwi     - ruler, rule, straightedge
    poynxwa     - at an angle to, not parallel to
    poynkomo    - confident, assured, self-confident, self-assured,
			self-reliant, sure of oneself
		[Keep in mind that "poynko" is a verb by default.]
    poynxe      - professional, expert, authority, adept, pro

    jikaw       - mother, female parent
    jukaw       - father, male parent
    bikaw       - daughter, female child
    bukaw       - son, male child
    zikaw       - sister, female sibling
    zukaw       - brother, male sibling

    geka        - must have, almost certainly [modal disjunct]
    gekama      - think, feel, reckon, be of the opinion, take as likely
			or probable

    zuku        - a very small quantity of, hardly any, very few, very
			little, almost no, a tiny or minimal amount or
			quantity, etc.

    xonpye      - or (else), either ... or

    bikoy       - most
    pankoy      - as much, as many
    vokoy       - less, fewer
    zukoy       - least


Grammar:

1. In this lesson, we will practice using other comparatives. Here are a few examples:

    Kade xasu Lajonxe tunpye tunfa panpwe vokoy.
    Did John have fewer cats than you?

    Ki zayko pankoy Lajonxe fa tunpye zayko jonhi tunfa.
    John likes me as much as he likes you.

    Ki caw Lajonxe ponkonxe pe bikoy cinke konci.
    John is the oldest student in the classroom.

2. As we learned several lessons ago in the required reading (section 8.1), polarity prefixes can be used directly on roots that represent scalar non-relational states. So far, we have learned about four of these classes: "-pe" and "-fyu" for measurable physical states, and "-co" and "-kay" for other scalar non-relational states. In these lessons, for the sake of consistency, we will always use a separate word rather than a polarity modifier whenever a scalar non-relational state is modified for polarity, unless the word has a distinct vocabulary entry. For example, we will always use "konco gekoy" instead of "gekonco" to represent 'very wise', even though both have exactly the same meaning.


Drills (on tape):

    My sister spent the day in the bathroom.
    Kisi zikaw foy kya cinke boci.

    Plumbing has nothing to do with biology.
    Ki jutuma bopoy xaynpoy.

    The children almost certainly drank something tasty.
    Geka bocasi livoxe tomi funco.

    Did your son have something to do with the yellow
      license plate?
    Kade tuma bukaw tunfoy tinpu centoy?

    The food looked like a pizza but tasted like bread.
    Tayntuma fu bizafu to gapye funtuse lubonfu.

    My assistant will be in the train later helping the
      customers.
    Cinkema tuntwi foy fenti gikyo tunkyume lipintwi.

    The long colorful shed is slightly at an angle to the
      house.
    Ki poynxwama voto zupa toyncu fenpe pa.

    My brothers will be ready to sell the furniture today.
    Twe bontuma lizukaw foy pinfyose litwintea kyo-kyamay.

    Why did your sister do everything in the dining room?
    Kyusi zikaw tunfoy bikumi cinke funci tomande?

    Did the sky turn blue above the mountains?
    Kade tantoydun tantaw tanke litayntaw?

    Linguistics can be a hobby but medicine has to be a
      profession.
    Po ki zaypoyma tenpoy gapye bipo poyma bonpoy.

    The developed artificial island was less hot than the
      pristine peninsula.
    Cenpema vokoy pantaw tawnfaw tawnkay tunpye fentaw
      tawnco.

    The realtor exchanged the nine hectares with my mother
      for several trucks.
    Fyo tawnxe tawnkya byuku tomin jikaw foy toswa canti
      panku to.

    Is it true that the fence in the nature preserve is
      parallel to the shore?
    Kade ki cuma ki poynkema panfo cinkemu tawnfe botawntaw?

    The painters stole the money from the cash register
      because they were greedy.
    Ponkaynfyoda litoynxe pinpyo pinpu toman pinkodoy
      toynhi.

    You sound like you liked fire fighting more than
      teaching.
    Ki tentuma tunfa zayko gekoy tunfa cenpoy tunpye konpoy.

    The teacher informed my daughter that there are a very
      small number of natural caves on the continent.
    Koda konxe bikaw foy ki cuma cintaw tawncu zuku to ke
      bitaw.

    I'm not confident that you'll be as wise tomorrow as
      the realtor.
    Juka ki poynko fa koncoma pankoy tunfa tunpye tawnxe
      gikyo-kyamay.

    The ruler isn't straight because Mary did something to
      it.
    Juka ki poyncuma poynkwi toman kyu Laryaxe poynhi.

    Please advise the engineering students about the
      location of the black market.
    Luyetuntemoy liponkonxe tu lucunpoy twintaw tu
      ponkaynpi.

    I know your son but I didn't know that he's studying
      medicine.
    Ki kontwima fa bukaw tunfoy gapye juka pya ko fa ki
      ponkoncasi buhi bonpoy.

    Did you think that the hobbyists wanted to share their
      tools?
    Kade gekama tunfa ponko lizayxe tunfyose litwinkwi
      zayho?

    The poorest people camped on the wealthiest people's
      land.
    Tawnca lixe pinkay bikoy ke taw xa lixe pinco bikoy.

    How many members of the labor union were professionals
      and how many were hobbyists?
    Poynxema twintwimaw kude canpi pye zayxema kudemi?

    The desks along the kitchen wall shouldn't be crooked.
    Gepo juka ki poynfawma likontea fenkemu cinfo tu
      lucenci.

    My father was generous and donated the old telephones
      to some poor people.
    Jupinkodoy jukaw foy pye ponconfyose litenpyo pe tomin
      lixe pinkay to.

    The friendly pilot reminded me earlier that he wanted
      to study farming or teaching.
    Cinkoda tanxe zayco fa tunkyo ponko tanhi ponkoncasise
      funpoy xonpye konpoy.

    John didn't lift the big encyclopedia because he was
      the least strong person among the technicians.
    Juka tankyu Lajonxe bikonpu co toman caw jonhi xe bonco
      zukoy tunke lipyonxe.

    The bank probably paid many dollars to the airline for
      the airline's colored toilets.
    Panka pinpunfyo pinpunpa pinkya geku to tomin tanpi
      toswa lipyo toy xa tanpi.

End of Lesson 14