Before starting this lesson, you should re-read Chapters 7 and 8 of the reference manual.
-fo other artificial items, typically connectors and separators (pane (eg. of glass), fence, carpet, curtain, door, window, shelf, floor/ceiling, roof, rope, pin, hook, nail, clip, shoestring, button (on clothing), hinge, anchor, spring, zipper, chain, hanger, plug/stopper, cap, needle, shingle, doorknob, wheel, tile, rudder, trigger, handrail, pushbutton, flywheel) -fyu antonyms of measurable physical states (cold, short, light, thin, slow, young, cheap, low, short, early, quiet, soft) -kay antonyms of other scalar non-relational states (small, dry, blunt, weak, dirty, dark/unlit, cloudy/overcast(?), rough, rare, sour, bad, ugly, smelly, abnormal, foolish, unfriendly, quiet/reticent, poor, bad-tasting)
panfo - fence
taynfo - window
tanfo - ceiling
jutanfo - floor [of a room]
cinfo - wall
jefo - door
jeke - between, betwixt
jeci - hallway, corridor, hall, passageway
zefa - we, us
zefoy - our
tomi - something, anything
jutomi - nothing, nil, naught
zaykay - unfriendly, unsociable, hostile
konkay - foolish, unwise, imprudent, senseless, witless, dumb
tenkay - quiet, taciturn, reticent, reserved
ponco - good, desirable, nice, opposite of bad
ponkay - bad, undesirable, opposite of good
fyu - young, not old
cenfyu - cold, of relatively low temperature
tinfyu - slow, leisurely, having a low rate of motion or
activity
tanfyu - low, at a relatively small altitude
tanpe - high, elevated, lofty, at a relatively great altitude
kay - small, little, having minimal size
bokay - dry, arid, having atypically low moisture or water
bonkay - weak, feeble, lacking strength
tanpa - skyscraper, a very tall building
zupa - shed, shack, small utility or storage building
xada - give, bequeath
toman - because (of)
tomande - why [interrogative], for what reason
kedume - to, into, on the way to
twe - future-perfect tense-aspect disjunct
tweme - after, since, subsequent to, once
pyame - before, prior to, by the time (of)
gepo - should, ought to
1. Use the tense-aspect disjunct "twe" to force a verb to be future-perfect:
Twe konca tenxe.
The linguist will teach.
Twe ponko fa bocay.
I'll want the water.
2. When two verbs are linked by a conjunction, the second verb will have the same tense and aspect as the first verb unless it is explicitly overridden:
Ki taynca fa pye ponkonca Lajonxe.
I'm reading and John is studying.
but:
Ki taynca fa pye twe ponkonca Lajonxe.
I'm reading and John will study.
3. The infinitive suffix "-se" should also be used if the verb follows a conjunction and the subject is the same as the verb it is linked to by the conjunction:
Ki ca fa pye xenkose ti.
I'm working and thinking about the car.
4. When an adjective is converted to a noun, English usually adds the word "one":
Ki zayko fa ti jutoy.
I like the black car.
Ki zayko fa jutoymi.
I like the black one.
With numbers, however, English does not use "one":
Ki ponko fa gikumi to.
I want three.
Note that we must use "to" above; otherwise, the translation would have been 'I want the three'.
5. We have now introduced all four scalar non-relational state classifiers. Here they are together:
pe measurable physical states with corresponding, commonly used,
measure words (hot, tall, heavy, thick, fast, old/aged,
expensive, high, long, late, loud, hard(?))
fyu antonyms of measurable physical states (cold, short, light,
thin, slow, young, cheap, low, short, early, quiet, soft)
co other scalar non-relational states - typically vague or
subjective (big, wet, sharp, strong, clean, light/lit, sunny,
smooth, common, sweet, good, attractive, fragrant, normal,
wise, friendly, talkative/garrulous, wealthy, tasty)
kay antonyms of other scalar non-relational states (small, dry,
blunt, weak, dirty, dark/unlit, cloudy/overcast(?), rough,
rare, sour, bad, ugly, smelly, abnormal, foolish,
unfriendly, quiet/reticent, poor, bad-tasting)
Note that they define two basic categories (measurable physical and
other) and each category has both a normal and antonymic classifier.
The pilot may have gone to the auditorium.
Ka tinca tanxe kedume conci.
I'll study and you'll be quiet.
Twe ponkonca fa pye tenkayma tunfa.
The young technicians didn't tell me anything.
Juka te lipyonxe fyu fa tomi.
An unfriendly plumber did something to those vehicles.
Kyu boxe zaykay to litwinti jaxi.
Why wasn't the desk near the sofa?
Juka kema kontea contea tomande?
There will be a lot of actual wise people at the school.
Twe cuma xe konco cu geku to ke konpa.
Why are the floor and the walls wet?
Ki bocoma tomande jutanfo pye licinfo?
I saw the cats before I saw the dogs.
Tay fa lipanpwe pyame tay fa lizaypwe.
I'm telling you that that chair is cold.
Ki te fa tunfa ki cenfyuma tea jaxi.
We should have moved our bicycles into the shed.
Gepo cinkeda zefa litunti zefoy zupa.
Did you give the painter the hot water?
Kade xada tunfa toynxe bocay cenpe?
One car was slow and three were fast.
Tinfyuma ti baku to pye tinpema gikumi to.
The firemen are painting in the classroom.
Ki toynca licenxe ke konci.
I'll think about the truck after I cook.
Twe xenko fa canti tweme cenca fa.
You want a telephone because you're talkative.
Ki ponko tunfa tenpyo to toman ki tencoma tunfa.
Some bad students are coloring Mary's tables.
Ki toydan liponkonxe ponkay to licantea xa Laryaxe.
[Note that "toydan" literally means 'to make colored'
or 'to cause to have color'.]
There's nothing in working order in the garage.
Ki cuma jutomi boncu cinke tinci.
John doesn't like the bathroom because of the low
ceiling.
Juka ki zayko Lajonxe boci toman tanfo tanfyu.
The teacher taught in the bus on the way to the school.
Konca konxe cinke conti kedume konpa.
We'll have four small rooms in the house for the
linguists.
Twe xasu zefa ci kay conku to cinke pa tomun litenxe.
I didn't have you lift the television because you're
weak.
Juka cudan fa tankyu tunfa tantaynpyo toman ki bonkayma
tunfa.
The chef is building something in the kitchen.
Ki cunkyu cencanxe tomi cinke cenci.
I want the black car because the yellow one doesn't
work.
Ki ponko fa ti jutoy toman juka ki boncuma centoymi.
The foolish birds are flying above that old skyscraper.
Ki tanca litwinta konkay tanke tanpa pe jaxi.
You should have built a good fence between those two
buildings.
Gepo cunkyu tunfa panfo ponco to jeke litwinpa tunku
jaxi.
The hallway has two high windows and five big doors.
Ki xasu jeci taynfo tanpe tunku to pye jefo co vuku to.
Our building isn't dry and we're afraid of the plumber.
Juka ki bokayma twinpa zefoy. pye ki cenko zefa boxe.
Mary will go to the attic and ask John for the two blue
chairs.
Twe tinca Laryaxe kedume tanci pye pontese Lajonxe tea
tantoy tunku.