Nasendi Self-Study Course

Lesson 12



Required reading:

Before starting this lesson, you should re-read sections 16.1, 16.2, and 16.3 of the reference manual.

New Classifiers:

  -fe	natural locations other than bodies of water (cave, cliff,
	  island, mountain, desert, forest, beach, continent, peninsula,
	  planet, pole (e.g. 'North Pole'), sky, outer space, glacier)
  -tu	other scalar relationships, default = P/F-s open adjective
	  (about/involved with, similar to, taste like, compatible with,
	  ready to/for, being by nature/inherently, resemble/look like)

New Vocabulary:

    fedi        - land, terra firma, ground
    cefedi      - location, place, spot
    bifedi      - continent, landmass
    lafedi      - island, isle
    cafedi      - shore(line), coast(line), waterfront, strand
    layfedi     - peninsula, cape, promontory, headland
    lifedi      - mountain, mount, alp
    tawfedi     - sky
    tofedi      - cave, cavern, grotto
    febido      - pristine, untouched, wild, virgin, unsullied,
			undeveloped, native, in its natural state
    fezudo      - developed, modified from its natural state to a state
			suitable for man's needs
    fecindi     - realtor, land broker, real estate agent/broker
    fefido      - natural, occurring in nature, not artificial
    fezando     - artificial, man-made, synthetic, unnatural, not
			occurring in nature
    felaydi     - nature preserve, reserve, reservation, park, sanctuary
    feloda      - camp (out), go camping
    fezidi      - hectare, a unit of land area measure equal to 10,000
			square meters (= 2.471 acres)

    tudu        - associated with, involved with, of, about, for, having
			something to do with' [See discussion below]
    tuda        - have something to do with, be involved with, be about,
			be associated with, have an unspecified
			association or relationship to/with
    butuda      - have nothing to do with, be uninvolved with, be
			unassociated with, have no relationship to/with
    cintudu     - ready (for/to), prepared, fit
    futuda      - taste like, have the flavor of
    lituda      - look like, resemble
    tetuda      - sound like, have a sound like or similar to
    tufayda     - share, use or benefit from something with others
    tuguda      - help, aid, assist, succor, abet, support, give or lend
			a hand
    tupyo       - among(st), in the midst of, amid, in the thick of,
			(together) with
    tuteda      - advise, recommend, counsel, suggest
    tuvendi     - assistant, aid/aide, attendant, right-hand man,
			auxiliary, helper

    lame        - probably, likely, there's a moderate probability that
    mo          - can, may, have the option to/of, be allowed to
    bimo        - must, have to


Grammar:

1. The root "tu" implies a vague, unspecified relationship between its patient and focus. Here are some examples that illustrate its meaning:

    Pi tuda jadi nububindi.
    The book has something to do with black markets.

    Zupa liloka mi jadi ma tudu laygyadi xedo.
    I just read a book about the old train station.

    Pi tada koncindi telivi senjodi fepoy tudu jodi.
    The teacher wants to hear your account of the
      performance.

2. When "tudu" is followed by a generic noun, it is equivalent to a vague noun-noun compound in English:

    Meki jutada femi byejadi tudu nucajindi?
    Did you like the waterfall painting?

    Topyoda nicegodi zujidi tudu nufekandi.
    The tools were in the bicycle shed.

3. Precise noun-noun compounds can be formed by simply using the adjective form of the modifying noun:

    Pi jutada mi jijudi xecedo.
    I like the adult cat.

Note that the example clearly indicates that the cat is an adult.


Drills (on tape):

    The ninth cookie will taste like the foul-tasting
      eighth one.
    Pu futuda zufudi xotamu titamudi fubudo.

    There were no buses there at the skyscraper bus station.
    Fida bikandi bumu ma bapaw pyo bigyadi tudu nutawjidi.

    The tool that didn't work sounded like an angry parrot.
    Tetuda cegodi po bume cinfida cehi tetawdi jintado ma.

    Imagine five low airplanes in a cold unfriendly sky.
    Likondoy tawkandi tawfodo lumu ma pyodu tawfedi jutoydo
      jinfodo ma.

    This wet floor has nothing to do with the water in the
      hallway.
    Pi butuda butawcandi cabido pe cadi topyo cantodi.

    The weak adults were helped by the children yesterday.
    Tuguvo nixecedi cinzudo mavo nifocedi femay-ziday.

    You could have thanked the members for fixing the high
      auditorium ceiling.
    Mo fayteda femi nicevendi cinfivyuvi tawcandi tawxedo
      tudu nubitodi.

    The two co-workers of your friend don't want to camp
      far from the mountains.
    Bume pi tada lavendaw femu juvendi fepoy felovi xemoy
      nilifedi.

    My foolish assistants kept themselves between the
      firetruck and the fire.
    Canpyoka nituvendi kontoydo poy jinkandi pye jindi.

    Dogs and bears are natural but thermometers and attics
      and glasses are artificial.
    Pi fefida nujudi pye nubijudi bupye fezanda nujingodi
      pye nutawtodi pye nuligodi.

    The shore near the caves looked like something that I
      saw on television.
    Lituda cafedi fomoydu nitofedi madi po lida mi mahi
      guswa nulibyadi.

    Did the unemployed strangers have something to do with
      the broken radios?
    Meki tuda nibuvendi bulovendo nitawtebyadi cinzando?

    The peninsula is pristine now and several bankers want
      to change it into a nature preserve.
    Febida layfedi may pye tada bingyacindi lamu ma
      felayvyuvi layhi.

    A lot of small black owls lived here before this island
      was developed.
    Jiloda litawdi bubyedo zudo xemu ma paw pade fezuvyuvo
      lafedi pe.

    The sharp knife was among the spoons behind the living
      room counter.
    Tupyoda godi gobido nifugodi limoy gyazwedi tudu
      nuzwetodi.

    My subordinates will keep track of all restaurant
      locations on the continent.
    Pu konka nifovendi poy cefedi fugyado bimu pyodu bifedi.

    The students probably worked for that business that
      made scissors and rulers.
    Lame lovenda nitakoncedi bindi bape po fivyu binhi
      nufegodi pye nulaygodi.

    Did my acquaintance advise you to become of an agent of
      the museum?
    Meki tuteda konvendi poy femi canvensuvi ligyadi?

    The boss explained to me that his employees aren't
      ready to build an expensive bridge across the canal.
    Konteda xevendi mi bume pi cintuda nilovendi xeho
      figuvi venlaydi binxedo ma venpyo calaydi.

    I sympathize with the teachers because the pilots
      didn't share the tables and the chairs with them.
    Pi ventada mi nikoncindi mave bume tufayda nitawcedi
      nilozwedi pye nizwedi make konhi.

    Why are you cutting the food with the dull pizza knife?
    Pi goguda femi fudi guswa godi gozudo tudu nubizafudi
      maveki?

    The enemy knows nothing about the inedible bread that
      your colleagues had to eat.
    Pi konda bujuvendi bumadi tudu cinfudi fuzando po bimo
      fuloka nivendi fepoy cinhi.

    I told the realtor that I'll buy two hectares and that
      the land will have to be inexpensive.
    Teda mi fecindi pu bugyafayda mi fezidi femu ma pye
      bimo binfoda fedi.

End of Lesson 12