Before starting this lesson, you should re-read Chapter 11 of the reference manual.
-fu other food item (food, pizza, lollipop, steak, TV dinner, egg roll, taco, sandwich, cake, bread loaf, pie, ham, sushi)
fudi - food, fare, victual, comestible, edible, item that can
be safely eaten
[Note that "fudi" is a count noun in Nasendi even though
it is a mass noun in English. Thus, "fudi" literally
means 'food item'. However, we will often translate it
as 'food' if the result sounds more natural. This will
also apply to many other roots that have the classifier
"-fu".]
bizafudi - pizza (pie)
canfudi - sandwich, grinder, hoagy
cinfudi - bread (loaf)
zufudi - cookie, biscuit
fucedi - gourmet/gourmand, connoisseur, epicure, bon vivant
fufido - edible, eatable, fit for consumption
fuguda - swallow, gulp (down), bolt (down), gobble, ingurgitate
fugyadi - restaurant, eating house, eatery
fulado - tasty, savory, good-tasting, toothsome, palatable
fubudo - foul-tasting, unpalatable, unsavory, unappetizing
fulida - be hungry for
fuloda - eat, ingest
futodi - dining room, lunchroom, mess, eating room
fuzando - inedible, uneatable, not fit for consumption
cinfivyu - fix, repair, mend, make functional/operational, put
into working order
cinzanvyu - break, disable, put out of order, inactivate,
incapacitate, cripple, ruin, cause to become
broken or dysfunctional
guka - do, carry out
konka - keep track of, keep up on, keep abreast of, monitor,
keep oneself up-to-date about
konvu - inform, make aware of, enlighten
pyoka - stay at, remain at, attend, keep oneself at/in/etc
moyka - stay away from, remain away from, avoid, keep oneself
away from
poka - keep, retain (possession of)
ficindi - engineer
ligyadi - museum
bumu - no/none, zero
timu - eight
masi - with [comitative], along with
makay - without [anti-comitative]
bupye - but [true conjunction]
1. In Nasendi, all activity roots use the classifier "-lo". We've already seen several of them:
jinloda - cook
konloda - teach
liloda - read
tawloda - fly
And so on. These verbs are AP-s by default; i.e., they are intransitive. If we add the suffix "-ka", we will convert them to AP/F-s transitive verbs. Compare the following:
Pi takonloda mi.
I'm studying.
Pi takonloka mi nucetawdi.
I'm studying birds.
For a verb such as "loda" = 'work', we could handle a case like the following English sentence:
John worked a double shift.
However, we haven't yet learned any Nasendi words that would be suitable focuses for the verb "loda", so we can't provide any Nasendi examples at this time.
Do not confuse the above derivations with those that have a patient which undergoes a change of state. In these cases, the A/P-d suffix "-vyu" should be used, as we've done in earlier lessons:
Jinlovyu mi tetawdi.
I cooked the parrot.
In the above example, we must use A/P-d "-vyu" because we are indicating the change-of-state that John is causing to the parrot. It's important to emphasize that the focus of an activity elaborates the activity, while the patient experiences a state or change-of-state.
In general, if it's obvious that the speaker is indicating that the object has undergone a change-of-state, then "-vyu" should be used; otherwise, "-ka" should be used because it's less specific. For example, in "I cooked supper", use "-ka".
2. The AP/F-s suffix "-ka" and the AP-s suffix "-kya" can also be used to derive reflexive states; i.e., words which indicate that the agent maintains himself in a steady state. Here are some examples:
poka = keep, retain (possession of)
[Literally, 'to cause onself to maintain possession of']
Tada mi pokavi kandi.
I wanted to keep the car.
pyoka = stay at/in/etc, attend
[Literally, 'cause oneself to be at/in/etc']
Pyoka mi konjidi.
I stayed at the library.
cinbikya = keep oneself strong
Pi cinbikya Najoncedi.
John is keeping himself strong.
[Note that we are using "-kya" here, NOT "-ka", because "cinbi"
is inherently unfocused.]
I'm thinking about changing the hotel into a museum.
Pi lokonda mi ligyavyuvi togyadi.
Why aren't the bears keeping themselves dry?
Bume pi cazukya nibijudi maveki?
I saw John in the dining room eating.
Lida mi Najoncedi pyo futodi fulode.
Everyone is undecided about the foul-tasting food here.
Pi fekonda cedi bimu fudi fubudo pawdo.
There were five hungry students outside the restaurant.
Fida takoncedi fulido lumu ma tomoy fugyadi.
John is reading my book in the doctor's office.
Pi liloka Najoncedi jadi poy topyo focingyadi.
The technician put the edible food far from the dogs.
Xemoyvu byacindi fudi fufido nijudi.
The engineer doesn't understand that the toilets are
imaginary.
Bume pi bikonda ficindi pi zanda nicabyadi.
Mary wanted to keep the fast vehicles and the slow ones.
Tada Naryacedi pokavi nicekandi kanxedo pye nikanfodi.
The counter in the hotel is eight meters long.
Pi layxesa gyazwedi topyodu togyadi layzidi timu ma.
A gourmet told me that the food in the hospital is
inedible.
Teda fucedi ma mi pi fuzanda fudi topyodu xecingyadi.
Were the sandwiches under the cookies in the stove?
Meki tawmoyda nicanfudi nizufudi topyodu jinbyadi?
The doctor should have kept track of the six young
children.
Xemo konka cindi focedi fodo bamu.
There are no colorless walls in the train station.
Pi fida tocandi byezando bumu ma topyo laygyadi.
Why did you cook those quiet colorful birds?
Jinlovyu femi nicetawdi byefido tetindo bape maveki?
The adults didn't want to swallow the foul-tasting food.
Bume tada nixecedi fuguvi fudi fubudo.
Why didn't you do the painting away from the antiques?
Bume guka maveki femi byejadi moy nixejadi?
[Note that "byejadi" is a basic noun and refers to an artifact
such as a mural. It is not a gerund and does not refer to
painting in general, such as painting walls or fences.]
The plumber is keeping himself strong by working at the
bus station.
Pi cinbikya cacindi guswa lovi pyo bigyadi.
It's true that I stayed at the store and haggled with
the merchant about bicycles.
Pi fida pyoka mi gyadi pye gyatevi gyacindi nufekandi.
One pilot opened the door and broke everything in our
room.
Canzanvyu tawcedi camu ma candi pye cinzanvyuvi bimudi
topyo todi zepoy.
Will the chef bake some bread before we go to the
shopping mall?
Meki pu jinlovyu jincindi cinfudi ma pade kanloda zemi
pyosude xegyajidi?
I opened all closed windows in the town hall without
you.
Canzanvyu mi licandi canfido bimu topyodu jajidi makay
femi.
The fire fighter may remind you that there's a clinic
behind the gas station.
Me pu tokonvu jincedi femi pi fida cingyadi ma limoy
kangyadi.
I'm imagining that I'm at an airport eating a big tasty
pizza.
Pi likonda mi pi pyoda mi tawgyadi ma fulokade bizafudi
fulado bido ma.
The linguist will teach Nasendi in the classroom next
to the bathroom.
Pu konloka sencindi Nasendi topyo kontodi zumoydu
catodi.
We went shopping there yesterday with seven very
talkative painters.
Gyaloda zemi bapaw femay-ziday masi byecindi tetoydo
xema zemu ma.
Who informed you that I'll study a few languages with
textbooks and dictionaries?
Konvu ceki femi pu takonloka mi sendi fomu ma guswa
nukonjadi pye nutejadi.
I'll fix the broken window in the kitchen but I'll want
the children to stay away from me.
Pu cinfivyu mi licandi cinzando topyodu jintodi bupye
tada mi moyka nifocedi mi.