Index:
ba be bi bo bu by ca ce ci co cu do fa fe fi fo fu ga ge gi go gu gw gy ja ji jo ju ka ki ko ku la le li lo lu ma me mi mo mu mw na ne ni nu pa pe pi po pu py se ta te ti to tu ve xa xe xo xu xw za ze zi zo zu zw
babyedo - white. [Etym: white + color] Pi posa mi bizwedi babyedo bido ma pye zwedi babyedo femu ma = I have a big white sofa and two white chairs. [index]
bami - you. This personal pronoun refers to the listener plus others not present. English does not make this distinction but some languages do. [index]
bamu - six. Posa mi judi bamu ma bupye tada mi zemudi ma = I had six dogs but I wanted seven. [index]
bapaw - there, at that location. Pi takonloda nitakoncedi bapaw maveki = Why are the students studying there? [index]
bape - that [demonstrative]. Pi konda mi pi tada jincindi lozwedi bape = I know that the chef wants that table. [index]
bapoy - your. This genitive adjective refers to the listener plus others not present. [index]
batondi - snow(fall). [Etym: white + weather] [index]
bavindi - snow. [Etym: white + natural substance] [index]
bawmwa - contrasting topicalization particle. Bawmwa is a previous-word modifier that adds emphasis to the word that it follows. The result can appear as either a heavily stressed word or a cleft sentence. [index]
bebaydi - pod [of whales or dolphins]. [Etym: group + marine mammal] [index]
bejoydi - fleet, functional group of boats. [Etym: group + boat] [index]
bekandi - convoy, fleet, functional group of vehicles. [Etym: group + other vehicle] [index]
bekindi - kinfolk, kinsmen, family, relatives, extended family. [Etym: group + kin] Bekindi refers to all people that one is related to through blood or marriage. To refer to an immediate family or household, see zubekindi. [index]
benme - reasonableness modal disjunct. This is the reasonableness modal disjunct. See the chapter on Modality in the language reference manual for more information. [index]
benxando - mindless, non-intelligent, lacking intelligence. [Etym: brain/intelligence + opposite binary non-relational state] [index]
benxodo - intelligent, having intelligence or mental acumen. [Etym: brain/intelligence + binary non-relational state] [index]
betawdi - flock [of birds]. [Etym: group + bird] [index]
betexidi - vocabulary, lexicon, word inventory or repertoire. [Etym: group + word] [index]
betidi - swarm [of insects]. [Etym: group + insect] [index]
bevondi - herd. [Etym: group + ungulate] [index]
bezodi - school [of fish]. [Etym: group + fish] [index]
bibatondi - blizzard, whiteout, severe snowstorm. [Etym: maximal polarity + white + weather] [index]
bibenxodo - brilliant [extremely intelligent], genius. [Etym: maximal polarity + intelligent] [index]
bibyomo - maximal necessity modal disjunct. See byomo. [index]
bibyomodo - destitute, down-and-out, in extreme need. [index]
bibyomosodo - essential, indispensable, vital, exigent. [index]
bicitudo - identical (to), maximally similar. [Etym: maximal polarity + similar] [index]
bido - big, large, having great size. [Etym: "bi" is the 'scalar non-relational vague physical state' classifier] [index]
bifawme - maximal significance modal disjunct. See fawme. [index]
bifedi - continent, landmass. [Etym: maximal polarity + other non-water natural location] [index]
bigeme - maximal acceptability modal disjunct. See geme. [index]
bigyadi - bus station/depot. [Etym: bus + place of business] Lida femi bikandi muki pyo bigyadi = How many buses did you see at the bus station? [index]
bijinxedo - scorching, torrid, extremely hot. [Etym: maximal polarity + hot] [index]
bijomo - maximal consequentiality modal disjunct. See jomo. [index]
bijomoda - be imperative, be of the utmost urgency. See bijomosodo. [index]
bijomosodo - imperative, critical, crucial, vital, of the utmost urgency. Note that we can also use the P/F-s form with two arguments: [index]
bijudi - bear [carnivore]. [Etym: big + carnivore] Bijudi includes all members of family Ursidae. Pi jiloda bijudi bido femu ma topyo tofedi fomoydu cajindi = Two big bears live in the cave near the waterfall. [index]
bikandi - bus [vehicle]. [Etym: big + non-water vehicle] [index]
bikonda - understand, comprehend, grasp, fathom, follow. [Etym: maximal polarity + know] The word konda implies only knowledge of the fact. "Bikonda" implies both knowledge of the fact plus knowledge of the meaning, importance, or nature of the fact; i.e., a "bigger" kind of knowledge. Pi bume bikonda mi lijodi po lida mi lihi pyo lijogyadi may-ziday = I didn't understand the movie that I saw at the movie theater today. [index]
bikonjadi - encyclopedia. [Etym: maximal polarity + knowledge + book] [index]
bikonmendi - university. [Etym: maximal polarity + school] See also xekonmendi. [index]
bilime - maximal evidentiality modal disjunct. See lime. [index]
bilimedo - confident, sure, certain. [index]
bilimeku - conclude, come to the conclusion (that/about), come to be certain, confident, or sure (that/about). [index]
bilimekusodi - conclusion, deduction, inference, verdict, determination, judgment, something that one has become certain or sure of. [index]
bilimekusodo - conclusive, what one has determined is certain or sure. [index]
bilimesa - obvious (to), evident (to), clear (to). Note that bilimesa is a verb, not an adjective! [index]
bilimesakwe - obvious (to), evident (to), clear (to). Note that bilimesakwe is a verb, not an adjective! [index]
bilimesodo - obvious, evident, manifest, patent, clear, certain, definite, plain, unmistakable. [index]
bilimevu - convince, persuade, show, cause someone to become certain/sure/confident that/about. [index]
bima - maximally, utterly, as much as possible, totally, absolutely, so much, so, such, to the greatest degree possible, etc. For scalar states, bi- can be applied directly to the scalar root: For English adverbs, adjectives, and adjectival verbs, the result is best translated using "as X as possible": [index]
bimado - maximum/maximal, utmost, greatest, highest, uppermost, ultra. [index]
bimay - right now, immediately, at this very moment. [index]
bime - maximal probability modal disjunct. See me. [index]
bimeda - believe, be convinced that/of, take as true (that). [index]
bimeku - decide, resolve, make up one's mind, convince onself. [index]
bimesa - realize, be aware that, understand. [index]
bimesadu - credulous (about), gullible, trusting, easily taken in, inclined to believe. [index]
Bimeso. - Yes, That's correct. Bimeso is a complete sentence and takes no arguments. In reply to a statement, it indicates that the statement is true. In reply to a question, it indicates that bime should have appeared in place of the question disjunct (typically meki). [index]
bimesode - truly, definitely, really, absolutely, positively, indeed. [index]
bimesodi - truth, accepted fact, that which is believed to be true. [index]
bimesodo - true, veritable. [index]
bimevodi - belief, tenet, something believed to be true. [index]
bimevu - persuade, convince, win over, cause someone to come to believe something. [index]
bimo - maximal obligation modal disjunct. See mo. [index]
bimoda - obligated, mandatory/obligatory/compulsory for P to F. Note that bimoda is a verb, not an adjective! [index]
bimoka - feel obligated to. [index]
bimoku - take on the obligation for. [index]
bimokweda - be mandatory/obligatory/compulsory for. See bimoda. [index]
bimosodi - duty, obligation. [index]
bimosodo - mandatory, compulsory, obligatory. [index]
bimova - require, oblige, to give someone an obligation to do something. [index]
bimu - all, every. [index]
bimudi - everything, all things. Cinzanvyu nifocedi bimudi topyo todi zepoy = The children broke everything in our room. [index]
bimukoy - always, all the time, constantly, invariably. [index]
bimwa - most, comparative modifier. See also tupye. [index]
binbyadi - cash register, till, cashbox. [Etym: money/commerce/trade + device] Lida mi topyovu gyacindi binjadi binbyadi = I saw the merchant put the money in the cash register. [index]
bincindi - businessman, businesswoman, entrepreneur, man or woman of business. [Etym: money/commerce/trade + business/academic group member] [index]
bindi - business (establishment), firm, concern. [Etym: "bin" is the 'business/academic group' classifier] [index]
binfayda - pay, spend, expend, disburse, remit. [Etym: money/commerce/trade + exchange/swap/transfer] Binfayda femi mudiki maswa jadi fepe = How much did you pay for that book? [index]
binfodo - inexpensive, low-cost, cheap, frugal. [Etym: money/commerce/trade + antonym scalar non-relational state] Pi pyoka mi togyadi pe mave pi binfoda tohi = I'm staying at this hotel because it's inexpensive. [index]
bingyacindi - banker, moneylender. [Etym: bank + business/academic group member] [index]
bingyadi - bank (financial institution). [Etym: money/commerce/trade + place of business] Meki pi posa femi binjadi xemu ma pyo bingyadi gipe = Do you have a lot of money at that bank? [index]
binjadi - money, funds, capital. [Etym: money/commerce/trade + social item] Bume bugyafayda mi kandi mave bume posa mi binjadi gemu ma = I didn't buy the car because I didn't have enough money. Binxesa nicegodi pe binjadi xemu ma = These tools cost a lot of money. [index]
binsendi - contract, pact, compact, legal agreement or covenant. [Etym: money/commerce/trade + protocol] Bume jutada lobindi binsendi mave bume binfayda binhi binjadi gemu ma = The labor union didn't like the contract because it didn't pay enough money. [index]
bintado - greedy, acquisitive, avaricious, grasping, selfish. [Etym: money/commerce/trade + emotional state] [index]
binteda - offer, bid, proffer, tender, make a bid/offer/tender. [Etym: money/commerce/trade + speech act] [index]
bintindo - wealthy, rich, affluent, moneyed, well-to-do, prosperous. [Etym: money/commerce/trade + scalar non-relational state] [index]
bintoydo - poor, poverty-stricken, needy. [Etym: money/commerce/trade + antonym scalar non-relational state] Lafayda mi binzidi jobumu ma make xecingyadi ma masedu nucedi bintoydo = I donated forty dollars to a hospital for poor people. [index]
binxedo - expensive, costly, high-priced, dear. [Etym: money/commerce/trade + scalar non-relational state] [index]
binxesa - cost, sell for, have a price equal to. [Etym: money/commerce/trade + scalar non-relational state] Binxesa nicegodi pe binjadi xemu ma = These tools cost a lot of money. [index]
binzidi - dollar [unit of currency]. [Etym: money/commerce/trade + measure] Binzidi applies to all currencies called "dollar", not just the United States dollar. Bugyafayda mi jadi make Najoncedi maswa binzidi lumu ma = I bought the book from John for five dollars. [index]
bitamu - final, last, highest in a sequence. [index]
bitexidi - paragraph, logical or functional group of sentences. [Etym: maximal polarity + word] [index]
bitodi - auditorium, hall, typically a large room used for public indoor events. [Etym: big + room] [index]
bitonme - maximal inevitability modal disjunct. See tonme. [index]
bitonmeda - presume, assume, take for granted, accept as inevitable. [index]
bitonmesodi - destiny, fate, lot, fortune, that which is inevitable. [index]
bitonmesodo - inevitable, unavoidable, pre-ordained, ineluctable. [index]
bixanda - shrink, shrivel, emaciate, wizen, wither. [Etym: big + opposite binary non-relational state] [index]
bixoda - grow (up), develop, mature, ripen, wax. [Etym: big + binary non-relational state] [index]
bixwame - maximal hedge modal disjunct. See xwame. [index]
bizafudi - pizza (pie). [Etym: sound-alike for "pizza" + food item] [index]
bizidi - year, annum, unit of measure equal to about 365 days or twelve months. [Etym: maximal polarity + measure] [index]
bizwedi - sofa, couch, settee, lounge. [Etym: big + furniture] Pi bizweda cezwedi pe = This piece of furniture is a sofa. [index]
bonfodo - light [in weight]. [Etym: lift/carry/heavy/weight + antonym scalar non-relational state] [index]
bonmwa - heavy topicalization particle. [index]
bonxedo - heavy, weighty, leaden. [Etym: lift/carry/heavy/weight + scalar non-relational state] [index]
bonxesa - weigh, have weight equal to. [index]
bonxesakwedi - weight, heft, what something weighs. [index]
bonxeswi - weigh, measure the weight of. [index]
bubabyedo - gray, blackish-white. [Etym: black + white + color] [index]
bubindi - black market, gray market. [Etym: bad + business/academic group] [index]
bubintado - generous, selfless, munificent, magnanimous, big-hearted. [Etym: antonym + greedy] [index]
bubyedo - black. [Etym: black + color] [index]
bubyomo - zero-necessity modal disjunct. See byomo. [index]
bubyomosodo - unnecessary, inessential, unessential, not necessary. [index]
bubyomovusoy - make unnecessary, obviate. [index]
bucitudo - dissimilar, different. [Etym: antonym + similar] See also buzizado. [index]
budo - bad, undesirable, opposite of good. [Etym: "bu" is the 'opposite other scalar non-relational state' classifier] Pi buda fekandi fepe bupye fida ladi femu ma topyo kanjidi = That bicycle is bad but there are two good ones in the garage. [index]
bufawme - zero-significance modal disjunct. See fawme. [index]
bufayda - steal, purloin, make off with, pilfer, filch, rob [see special note below]. [Etym: bad + exchange/swap/transfer] Special note: "Bufayda" is unlike many other exchange verbs in that the person robbed is not a willing participant. Thus, we cannot use 0/AP "make" to indicate the victim because it would imply that he was willing. We also cannot use "mase" because it is too vague. The only way to identify the victim is to modify the argument structure to indicate the patient that was affected by the theft. Thus, A/P/F-d "bufayvu" means 'to steal F from P': Note that the order of the two objects is the opposite of the English order. Note also, that A/P-d [-F] "bufayvyu" is equivalent to the English word "rob": [index]
bugeme - zero-acceptability modal disjunct. See geme. [index]
bugemeda - disapprove (of), oppose. [index]
bugemedo - disapproving, opposed, hostile. [index]
bugemesodo - unacceptable, inadmissible, intolerable. [index]
bugemevaydi - disapproval, opposition. [index]
bugyafayda - buy, purchase. See also bugyafayso. [Etym: antonym + sell] Bugyafayda mi jadi make Najoncedi maswa binzidi lumu ma = I bought the book from John for five dollars. [index]
bugyafayso - sell. Note that this is simply the middle voice form of bugyafayda ('to buy'). [index]
bujomo - zero-consequentiality modal disjunct. See jomo. [index]
bujuvendi - enemy, foe, adversary, antagonist, opponent. [Etym: opposite + friend] Pi posa nucedi kontindo bujuvendi bumu ma = Wise people have no enemies. [index]
bulime - zero-evidentiality modal disjunct. See lime. [index]
bulovendo - unemployed, out-of-work, jobless. [Etym: opposite + employee] [index]
buma - no, not, negative indefinite article. This is the negative indefinite article which is fully described in the reference manual. [index]
bumadi - nothing, nil, naught. [index]
bumaw - tenseless-terminative disjunct. This is the tenseless-terminative disjunct. See the chapter on Tense & Aspect in the language reference manual for more information. [index]
bumawsyu - stop, halt, come to a stop/halt. [index]
bumawvya - stop, halt, bring to a halt. [index]
bume - not, zero probability modal disjunct. See me. [index]
bumeda - disbelieve, to feel that something is untrue or impossible. [index]
bumedo - incredulous, unbelieving, disbelieving. [index]
Bumeso. - No, That's not true, That's wrong, That's incorrect. Bumeso is a complete sentence and takes no arguments. In reply to a statement, it indicates that the statement is not true. In reply to a question, it indicates that bume should have appeared in place of the question disjunct (typically meki). [index]
bumesodo - false, untrue, incorrect, wrong, impossible. [index]
bumo - zero-obligation modal disjunct. See mo. [index]
bumu - no/none, zero. Pi posa nucedi kontindo bujuvendi bumu ma = Wise people have no enemies. [index]
bumukoy - never, zero times, not ... ever, not ... at all, on no occasion. [index]
bumwa - incomplete parenthetical expression stop. See camwa. [index]
bupa - past-terminative disjunct. This is the past-terminative disjunct. See the chapter on Tense & Aspect in the language reference manual for more information. [index]
bupi - present-terminative disjunct. This is the present-terminative disjunct. See the chapter on Tense & Aspect in the language reference manual for more information. [index]
bupu - future-terminative disjunct. This is the future-terminative disjunct. See the chapter on Tense & Aspect in the language reference manual for more information. [index]
bupye - but. Note that when bupye links noun phrases, it has the sense 'but also': [index]
bupyeda - contrast with, be in contrast with or opposition to. [index]
bupyede - even though, although, in spite of, despite, regardless of, whether or not, irrespective of, notwithstanding. Note that the argument of bupyede can be either a noun phrase or a clause, and the English translation will depend on the argument. [index]
bupyekoy - anyway, regardless, irregardless, nevertheless, still. [index]
Bupyesoyda - However, ..., Even so, ..., Nevertheless, ..., But, Still, ..., Yet, Just the same, ..., Notwithstanding, ..., For all that, ..., Be that as it may, .... Note that bupyesoyda is a verbal disjunct and takes a single clause for an argument. [index]
bupyevawdo - contrasting, opposing, being in contrast or opposition with each other. [index]
butawcandi - floor [of a room]. [Etym: antonym + high + separator] Pi layxesa butawcandi topyodu zwetodi layzidi gimu ma = The floor in the living room is three meters long. [index]
butonme - zero-inevitability modal disjunct. See tonme. [index]
butuda - have nothing to do with, be uninvolved or unassociated with. [Etym: antonym + association] [index]
butuku - quit, break off/away from, leave, give up on, abandon, have done with, cause oneself to become uninvolved with. [index]
buvendi - stranger, outsider, alien, someone unknown. [Etym: not/opposite + social/political/business relation] Pi juvenda Naryacedi buvendi lumu bape lipyodu ligyadi = Mary is a friend of those five strangers in front of the museum. [index]
buxwame - zero-hedge modal disjunct. See xwame. [index]
buxwamesodo - so-called, self-styled. [index]
buzanme - zero counterfactuality modal disjunct. See zanme. [index]
buzizado - different, unequal, other, not the same, not equal to. [Etym: antonym + same/equal] See also bucitudo. [index]
byacindi - technician. [Etym: automatic/mechanical/complex + business/academic group member] Cinfivyu byacindi ma libyadi femay-ziday = A technician fixed the television yesterday. [index]
byasendi - instruction, direction, information about how to do something. [Etym: automatic/mechanical/complex + protocol] [index]
byecindi - painter, one who paints for a profession. [Etym: color + business/academic group member] [index]
byedo - colored, hued, in color, having color. [Etym: "bye" is the 'color' classifier] Pi venpyoda tocandi byedo layxedo lafedi = The long colored wall crosses the island. [index]
byefido - colorful, variegated, having a lot of color(s). [Etym: color + binary non-relational state] Fida tetawdi byefido ma limoydu gyazwedi pyo lungyadi = There was a colorful parrot behind the counter at the pub. [index]
byegodi - paintbrush. [Etym: color + tool/instrument] [index]
byejadi - painting, mural, canvas (that has been painted on). [Etym: color + social item] [index]
byeloda - paint, take part in the activity of painting. [Etym: color + activity] [index]
byevyu - color [verb], cause something to have color. [index]
byezando - colorless, hueless, lacking color. [Etym: color + opposite binary non-relational state] [index]
byomo - necessity modal disjunct. This is the necessity modal disjunct. See the chapter on Modality in the language reference manual for more information. [index]
byomoki - interrogative necessity modal disjunct. See byomo. [index]
cabemu - each, every. [index]
cabendi - bladder, vesicle, sac, plant or animal organ that holds liquid. [Etym: liquid + organ] [index]
cabido - wet, damp, moist, humid, muggy, dank, sticky, having atypically high moisture or water. [Etym: liquid + scalar non-relational state] [index]
cabifedi - oasis, fertile, wet area surrounded by desert. [Etym: wet + natural location] [index]
cabodi - duck. [Etym: water + fowl] Cabodi includes all members of the duck tribes of family Anatidae (tribes Anatini, Cairinini, Aythyini, Mergini, and Oxyurini) [index]
cabyadi - toilet. [Etym: water + device] Meki teda femi cacindi bume pi cinfida cabyadi = Did you tell the plumber that the toilet doesn't work? [index]
cacindi - plumber. [Etym: water + business/academic group member] Meki teda femi cacindi bume pi cinfida cabyadi = Did you tell the plumber that the toilet doesn't work? [index]
cacodi - soup, potage, hot liquid or semi-liquid food. [Etym: liquid + processed food] [index]
cadendi - hydropower. [Etym: water + energy] [index]
cadi - water, H2O. [Etym: "ca" is the 'inorganic compound' classifier] [index]
cadindi - jellyfish. [Etym: water + animal] Cadindi includes all members of phylum Coelenterata, class Scyphozoa. [index]
cadondi - marsh fern. [Etym: water + plant] Cadondi includes all members of family Thelypteridaceae. [index]
cadundi - drop, droplet. [Etym: liquid + inorganic thing] [index]
cafawmu - primary, main, chief, foremost, first in importance, rank, or value. [index]
cafedi - shore(line), coast(line), strand, waterfront. [Etym: water + natural location] [index]
cajedi - pufferfish, blowfish, balloonfish, globefish, swellfish. [Etym: water + fish] Cajedi includes all members of family Tetraodontidae. [index]
cajimu - single, one of a kind. [index]
cajindi - waterfall. [Etym: water + phenomenon] Pi fida laydi pe mave pi tada cedi xemu ma kanlovi pyosude cajindi = This road exists because a lot of people want to go to the waterfall. [index]
cakoncindi - professor, college or university teacher. [Etym: one + teacher] [index]
cakundi - rainy season, monsoon. [Etym: water + time period] [index]
calaydi - canal, waterway, watercourse. [Etym: water + infrastructure] Pi faytada nijincedi tawxeda cadi topyodu calaydi may-ziday = The fire fighters are grateful that the water in the canal was high today. [index]
caloda - drink. [Etym: water + activity] [index]
camaw - tenseless-inceptive disjunct. This is the tenseless-inceptive disjunct. See the chapter on Tense & Aspect in the language reference manual for more information. [index]
camawsyu - start (up), begin, commence, start happening. [index]
camawvya - start (up), begin, initiate, cause an event to start. [index]
camu - one, single. Fida zwedi camu toma ma topyo todi = There was only one chair in the room. [index]
camukoy - once, one time, on one occasion. [index]
camusado - specific, particular, individual, select, express, one specific or particular. You can also add other numbers to musado: [index]
camwa - parenthetical expression starter. Camwa is used along with either the complete parenthetical expression stop jomwa or the incomplete stop bumwa. If the expression is a list with more than one item, the conjunction fepye should appear between items. [index]
candi - door. [Etym: "can" is the 'separator' classifier] Canzanvyu femi candi maveki pye canfivyuvi licandi = Why did you open the door and close the window? [index]
canfido - closed, shut, inaccessible, unopen, not allowing passage or access. [Etym: separator + binary non-relational state] [index]
canfivyu - close, shut, cause to become closed or shut. Canzanvyu femi candi maveki pye canfivyuvi licandi = Why did you open the door and close the window? [index]
canfudi - sandwich, grinder, hoagy. [Etym: separator + food item] [index]
cangodi - key (to open a lock). [Etym: separator/open/close + tool/instrument] [index]
canjudi - canine, member of family Canidae. [Etym: abbreviation of Canidae + carnivore] Note that canjudi is a noun, NOT an adjective. Use canjudo for the adjective. [index]
canpyo - between, betwixt. Xemo figuda femi jicandi ma canpyo nicejidi femu = You should have built a fence between the two buildings. [index]
cantodi - hallway, corridor, hall, passageway. [Etym: separator + room] [index]
canvendi - agent, representative, spokesman, broker. [Etym: separator + social/political/business relation] [index]
canzando - open [adjective], accessible, allowing passage or access. [Etym: separator + opposite binary non-relational state] [index]
canzanvyu - open [verb]. Canzanvyu femi candi maveki pye canfivyuvi licandi = Why did you open the door and close the window? [index]
capa - past-inceptive disjunct. This is the past-inceptive disjunct. See the chapter on Tense & Aspect in the language reference manual for more information. [index]
capendi - sink, washbasin. [Etym: water + container] [index]
capi - present-inceptive disjunct. This is the present-inceptive disjunct. See the chapter on Tense & Aspect in the language reference manual for more information. [index]
capondi - undine, water spirit. [Etym: water + spirit] [index]
capu - future-inceptive disjunct. This is the future-inceptive disjunct. See the chapter on Tense & Aspect in the language reference manual for more information. [index]
casindi - water snake. [Etym: water + snake] Casindi includes all members of families Acrochordidae and Colubridae. [index]
catamu - first. [index]
catodi - bathroom, wash room, water closet. [Etym: water + room] [index]
catondi - rain(fall), precipitation of water from the sky. [Etym: water + weather phenomenon] [index]
cavondi - hippopotamus. [Etym: water + ungulate] Cavondi includes all members of family Hippopotamidae. [index]
caxadi - sour gum, black gum, tupelo. [Etym: water + tree] Caxadi includes all members of family Nyssaceae. [index]
caxaydi - mosquito. [Etym: water + fly] Caxaydi includes all members of family Culicidae. [index]
caxwada - drool, drivel, drip saliva from the mouth. [Etym: water + involuntary act] [index]
cazaydi - squid. [Etym: water + cephalopod] Cazaydi includes all members of order Dibranchia. [index]
cazudo - dry, arid, having atypically low moisture or water. [Etym: water + antonym scalar non-relational state] [index]
cazufedi - desert, mostly dead, dry, typically sandy region. [Etym: dry + natural location] [index]
cebedi - group, organization, association, society. [Etym: generic member + other group or organization] [index]
cebyadi - device, mechanism, apparatus, appliance, piece of equipment, contrivance, instrument. [Etym: generic member + other device] [index]
cedandi - thing, item, object, artificial thing. [Etym: generic member + other artificial item] Cedandi refers explicitly to man-made things. For natural things or for generic use, use cegaydi. [index]
cedendi - energy. [Etym: generic member + non-living energy] Cedendi includes all forms of physical energy, such as thermal energy, kinetic energy, nuclear energy, electrical energy, etc. [index]
cedi - person, individual, sentient being. [Etym: "ce" is the 'other group member' classifier] Jutada cedi xemu ma jodi po nitakoncedi = A lot of people liked the students' performance. [index]
cedindi - animal, any member of the animal kingdom. [Etym: generic member + other animal] [index]
cedondi - plant. [Etym: generic member + other plant] Cedondi includes all members of the plant kingdom. [index]
cefedi - location, place, spot. [Etym: generic member + other natural location] See also pyokwedi. [index]
cefwadi - amphibian. [Etym: generic member + amphibian] Cefwadi includes all members of class Amphibia. [index]
cegadi - rodent. [Etym: generic member + rodent] Cegadi includes all members of family Rodentia. [index]
cegaydi - thing, item, object. [Etym: generic member + other natural thing] See also cedandi. [index]
cegedi - stuff, material, synthetic or artificial substance or material. [Etym: generic member + other artificial substance] Cegedi should only be used for artificial substances or materials. Use cexudi for natural substances or for general purpose use (such as when the nature of the substance is not known). [index]
cegodi - tool, instrument, implement. [Etym: generic member + tool/instrument] [index]
cejidi - building, edifice, structure. [Etym: generic member + building] Xemo figuda femi jicandi ma canpyo nicejidi femu = You should have built a fence between the two buildings. [index]
cejindi - phenomenon. [Etym: generic member + non-weather phenomenon] [index]
cejodi - activity, deed, action, feat, performance. [Etym: generic member + complete performance] [index]
cekandi - vehicle, conveyance, craft. [Etym: generic member + non-water vehicle] [index]
ceki - who/whom, which person. [index]
cekundi - time, duration, period (of time). [Etym: generic member + time period] [index]
celoydi - reptile. [Etym: generic member + other reptile] Celoydi includes all members of class Reptilia. [index]
cepondi - spirit, soul. [Etym: generic member + living energy] [index]
cetawdi - bird, avian. [Etym: generic member + other bird] [index]
cetwedi - illness, disease. [Etym: generic member + illness/disease] Cetwedi includes all illnesses, mental and physical, but not the actual wounds, growths, rashes, etc associated with an illness. [index]
cevendi - member, fellow, associate, one who is part of a social/political/business group. [Etym: generic member + social/political/business relation] [index]
cexadi - tree. [Etym: generic member + other tree] Cexadi includes all softwood and hardwood trees. [index]
cexoydi - organ, body-part. [Etym: generic member + other organ or body part] Cexoydi applies to any organ of an animal or plant. [index]
cexudi - stuff, substance. [Etym: generic member + plant/animal substance] See also cegedi. [index]
cezedi - profession, occupation, field, business, vocation, line of work. [Etym: generic member + other profession] [index]
cezidi - unit (of measure). [Etym: generic member + measurement] [index]
cezodi - fish. [Etym: generic member + other fish] [index]
cezwedi - furniture (piece of). [Etym: generic member + furniture] Pi bizweda cezwedi pe = This piece of furniture is a sofa. Note that "cezwedi" is a count noun in Nasendi even though "furniture" is a mass noun in English. Use the plural form to represent the English mass noun: Bume pi jutada Najoncedi nicezwedi pe = John doesn't like this furniture. [index]
cima - about, approximately, circa, more or less. [index]
cinbido - strong, powerful, mighty, having great physical strength. [Etym: healthy/strong/functional/ready + scalar non-relational state] Cinbido implies physical strength (although it can certainly be used metaphorically). For the more abstract sense of 'having power', see TBD. [index]
cindi - doctor, physician, MD. [Etym: "cin" is the 'business/academic group member' classifier] [index]
cinfida - work, function, be in working order, be functional or operational. [Etym: see cinfido] Meki teda femi cacindi bume pi cinfida cabyadi = Did you tell the plumber that the toilet doesn't work? [index]
cinfido - in working order, working, functional/functioning, operational. [Etym: healthy/strong/functional/ready + binary non-relational state] Fida fekandi cinfido jomu ma topyo kanjidi = There were four bicycles in working order in the garage. Fayda zemi nitawtebyadi cinzando maswa femudi cinfido ma = We exchanged the broken radios for two in working order. [index]
cinfivyu - fix, repair, mend, make functional/operational, put into working order. [Etym: see cinfido] Cinfivyu byacindi ma libyadi femay-ziday = A technician fixed the television yesterday. [index]
cinfudi - bread (loaf). [Etym: healthy/strong/functional/ready + food item] Bume goguda mi cinfudi mave gozuda xema godi poy = I didn't cut the bread because my knife was very dull. Note that "cinfudi" is a count noun, NOT a mass noun. Use "cinfuvay" for the mass noun; i.e., to refer specifically to the substance rather than to the whole loaf. [index]
cingyadi - clinic [medical]. [Etym: healthy/strong/functional/ready + place of business] [index]
cintude - in case (of), in the eventuality of/that. [Etym: healthy/strong/functional/ready + other scalar relational state] [index]
cintudu - ready (for/to), fit, prepared. [Etym: healthy/strong/functional/ready + other scalar relational state] [index]
cintuku - get (oneself) ready to/for, prepare (oneself) to/for, ready oneself to/for. [index]
cintuvu - prepare (to/for), make/get ready/fit (to/for). [index]
cinxando - sick, ill, unhealthy, ailing, unwell, not healthy. [Etym: healthy/strong/functional/ready + opposite binary non-relational state] [index]
cinxodo - healthy, well, in good health. [Etym: healthy/strong/functional/ready + binary non-relational state] [index]
cinxovyu - heal, cure, restore to health. [index]
cinzando - broken, dysfunctional, out of order, in disrepair, not in working order. [Etym: healthy/strong/functional/ready + opposite binary non-relational state] Pyoka femi gyadi maveki pye gyatevi gyacindi jinbyadi cinzando xedo bape = Why did you stay at the store and haggle with the merchant about that old broken stove? Fayda zemi nitawtebyadi cinzando maswa femudi cinfido ma = We exchanged the broken radios for two in working order. [index]
cinzanvyu - break, disable, put out of order, inactivate, incapacitate, cripple, ruin, cause to become broken or dysfunctional. [Etym: see cinzando] Cinzanvyu nifocedi bimudi topyo todi zepoy = The children broke everything in our room. [index]
cinzudo - weak, feeble, lacking strength. [Etym: strong + antonym scalar non-relational state] Pi cinzuda tawcandi tawxedo topyodu laygyadi = The high ceiling in the train station is weak. [index]
citudu - like, similar to, analogous to. [Etym: about/approximate + other scalar relational state] See also cituvaw. [index]
cituka - imitate, copy, cause oneself to be similar to. [index]
cituswa - like, similar to. See also citudu and cituvaw. [index]
cituvaw - similar [to each other], alike. See also citudu. [index]
cosinbunda - cosine. [Etym: mnemonic "cosin" + arithmetic function] Note that cosinbunda is a verb, not an adjective! [index]
cudi - lake, natural, completely enclosed body of fresh water. [Etym: "cu" is the 'body of water' classifier] [index]
donbyedo - green. [Etym: green + color] [index]
fawme - significance modal disjunct. This is the significance modal disjunct. See the chapter on Modality in the language reference manual for more information. [index]
fawmeki - interrogative significance modal disjunct. See fawme. [index]
fayda - exchange, swap, trade, switch, interchange. [Etym: "fay" is the 'exchange and transfer verb' classifier] Fayda zemi nitawtebyadi cinzando maswa femudi cinfido ma = We exchanged the broken radios for two in working order. [index]
faypye - instead of, rather than, in place of, in lieu of. Note that faypye is a true conjunction while P/F-s faypyesade is a case tag, thus they have different syntactic constraints. [index]
faypyesa - substitute for, replace, supplant, take the place of, be a substitute/replacement for. [index]
faypyesade - instead of, rather than, in place of, in lieu of. Note that faypye is a true conjunction while P/F-s faypyesade is a case tag, thus they have different syntactic constraints. [index]
faytado - grateful (for), thankful, obliged, feeling grateful, thankful, or obliged for. [Etym: exchange/alternate/replace + emotional state] Pi faytada nijincedi tawxeda cadi topyodu calaydi may-ziday = The fire fighters are grateful that the water in the canal was high today. [index]
fayteda - thank (for), express gratitude, give or offer thanks. [Etym: exchange/alternate/replace + speech act] Meki fayteda femi Naryacedi jadi = Did you thank Mary for the book? [index]
febemu - both, group of two. Febemu is equivalent to English "both" only if it is singular and definite. Otherwise, it simply means 'group of two'. [index]
febido - pristine, untouched, wild, virgin, unsullied, undeveloped, native, in its natural state. [Etym: natural/wild/pristine + scalar non-relational state] [index]
fecindi - realtor, land broker, real estate agent/broker. [Etym: land + business/academic group member] [index]
fedi - land, terra firma, ground. [Etym: "fe" is the 'other natural location' classifier] [index]
fefawmu - secondary, second in importance, rank, or value. [index]
fefido - natural, occuring in nature, not artificial. [Etym: natural/wild/pristine + binary non-relational state] [index]
fegodi - scissors. [Etym: two + knife] Pi fida maveki fegodi femu ma tawmoy lozwedi = Why are there two pairs of scissors under the table? [index]
fejimu - double, two-in-one, two of a kind. [index]
fekandi - bicycle. [Etym: two + vehicle] Fida fekandi cinfido jomu ma topyo kanjidi = There were four bicycles in working order in the garage. [index]
fekondo - undecided, vacillating, of two minds, indecisive. [Etym: two + mental state] [index]
felaydi - nature preserve, reserve, reservation, park, sanctuary. [Etym: natural/wild/pristine + infrastructure] [index]
feloda - camp (out), go camping. [Etym: natural/wild/pristine + activity] [index]
femaw - tenseless-continuative disjunct. This is the tenseless-continuative disjunct. See the chapter on Tense & Aspect in the language reference manual for more information. [index]
femawsya - continue (on), remain ongoing. [index]
femawsyade - still, continue to, something continues to be the case. [index]
femawvya - continue, keep an event ongoing. Do not confuse femawvya with gimawvya. Femawvya implies continuity of an event with no implication of interruption. Gimawvya implies the resumption of an event after an interruption. [index]
femay - earlier, already, at a time before now. [index]
femay-ziday - yesterday. [Etym: past/earlier + day] Cinfivyu byacindi ma libyadi femay-ziday = A technician fixed the television yesterday. [index]
femi - you. This is the second person pronoun and always refers to the listener. Use ni- to refer to more than one listener: [index]
femu - two. Xemo figuda femi jicandi ma canpyo nicejidi femu = You should have built a fence between the two buildings. [index]
femukoy - twice, two times, on two occasions. [index]
fepa - past-continuative disjunct. This is the past-continuative disjunct. See the chapter on Tense & Aspect in the language reference manual for more information. [index]
fepaw - there [near listener]. [index]
fepe - that [near the listener]. Binfayda femi mudiki maswa jadi fepe = How much did you pay for that book? Pi buda fekandi fepe bupye fida ladi femu ma topyo kanjidi = That bicycle is bad but there are two good ones in the garage. [index]
fepi - present-continuative disjunct. This is the present-continuative disjunct. See the chapter on Tense & Aspect in the language reference manual for more information. [index]
fepoy - your. This is the second person genitive adjective and always refers to the listener. Use ni- to refer to more than one listener: [index]
fepu - future-continuative disjunct. This is the future-continuative disjunct. See the chapter on Tense & Aspect in the language reference manual for more information. [index]
fetamu - second [in sequence]. [index]
fexando - tame, not feral or wild. [Etym: natural/wild/pristine + opposite binary non-relational state] [index]
fexodo - wild, feral, undomesticated, untamed, savage. [Etym: natural/wild/pristine + binary non-relational state] Teda Najoncedi mi pi fida judi fexodo lamu ma pyo lafedi = John told me that there are several wild dogs on the island. [index]
fezando - artificial, man-made, synthetic, unnatural, not occurring in nature. [Etym: natural/wild/pristine + opposite binary non-relational state] [index]
fezidi - hectare, a unit of land area measure equal to 10,000 square meters (= 2.471 acres). [Etym: land + measure] [index]
fezudo - developed, modified from its natural state to a state suitable for man's needs. [Etym: natural/wild/pristine + scalar non-relational state] [index]
ficindi - engineer. [Etym: reality/build/engineer + business/academic group member] [index]
fida - there is/are/etc, it is/are/etc, exist, actually, really, in reality, ..., be real or actual or true. [Etym: see fido] Fida indicates that the patient entity exists or that the patient situation is real. Fida jindi ma topyo togyadi fomoydu tawgyadi = There was a fire in the hotel near the airport. Pi fida laydi pe mave pi tada cedi xemu ma kanlovi pyosude cajindi = This road exists because a lot of people want to go to the waterfall. Pi fida bume jutada Naryacedi catodi = It's true that Mary didn't like the bathroom. [index]
fido - actual, existent, real. [Etym: "fi" is the 'other binary non-relational state' classifier] [index]
figuda - build, construct, fabricate, erect, make. [Etym: reality/build/engineer + action] [index]
finma - too, excessively, over-. For scalar states, fin- can be applied directly to the scalar root: [index]
finmado - excessive, inordinate, overrated, overblown, outrageous, overdone. [index]
finmu - too many/much. [index]
fisendi - design, plan, layout, procedure, program. [Etym: reality/build/engineer + protocol] [index]
fisyu - happen, come about/come to be, become a reality. [index]
fivusoy - carry out, implement, put into effect/practice, translate into action, bring off, carry off, pull off, bring to pass, accomplish. See also guka. [index]
fivya - ensure, make sure (of/that), guarantee. [index]
fivyu - cause, make, produce, implement, have, let's, cause to become a reality. If imperative fivyudoy is used and the subject of the embedded clause is jomi, then it is equivalent to English "let's": [index]
fobenxodi - ignoramus, dolt, dunce, dope, dumbbell, someone of low intelligence. [Etym: low polarity + intelligent] [index]
fobenxodo - stupid, dumb, obtuse, doltish, of low intelligence. [Etym: low polarity + intelligent] [index]
fobinjadi - coin, specie, unit of hard money. [Etym: low polarity + money] [index]
fobyomo - low necessity modal disjunct. See byomo. [index]
focedi - child, youth, kid, a young person. [Etym: low polarity + person] Cinzanvyu nifocedi bimudi topyo todi zepoy = The children broke everything in our room. Note that "focedi" cannot be used with the meaning 'offspring'. For that usage, see gakindi. [index]
focingyadi - doctor's office. [Etym: low polarity + healthy/strong/functional/ready + place of business] [index]
focudi - pool [natural], water hole. [Etym: low polarity + lake] [index]
fodo - young, youthful. [Etym: "fo" is the 'opposite measurable scalar non-relational physical states' classifier] [index]
fodontawbyedo - turquoise [the color]. [Etym: light + green + blue + color] [index]
fofawme - low significance modal disjunct. See fawme. [index]
fofedi - islet, key, small island. [Etym: low polarity + other non-water natural location] [index]
fofemay - a little while ago. [index]
fogeme - low acceptability modal disjunct. See geme. [index]
fogemeda - disfavor, frown (up)on, deprecate. [index]
fogomu - a small fraction of. [index]
fojinxedo - warm [temperature], not that hot. [Etym: low polarity + hot] [index]
fojomo - low consequentiality modal disjunct. See jomo. [index]
fokonmendi - elementary school, grammar school, primary school, grade school. [Etym: low polarity + knowledge + site] [index]
folime - low evidentiality modal disjunct. See lime. [index]
folimeda - doubt, question, be skeptical, consider unlikely due to the paucity of evidence or reason. See also fomeda. [index]
folimedo - skeptical, doubtful, doubting, skeptical due to the paucity of evidence or reason. [index]
folimesodo - problematic, dubious, unlikely due to the paucity of evidence or reason. [index]
foma - slightly, not too, a little, a bit, to a small or low degree. [index]
fomado - mere, meager, slight, low, weak, of a small or low degree. [index]
fome - low probability modal disjunct. See me. [index]
fomeda - doubt, question, be doubtful about, have doubts about, be skeptical about, consider unlikely or improbable. [index]
fomedo - skeptical, doubtful, doubting. Fomedo should be applied to a person who has doubts, not to an event. Use fomesodo for an event whose outcome is in doubt. [index]
Fomeso. - Probably not, Not likely, That's probably not correct. Fomeso is a complete sentence and takes no arguments. In reply to a statement, it indicates that the statement is probably not true. In reply to a question, it indicates that fome should have appeared in place of the question disjunct (typically meki). [index]
fomesodo - unlikely, improbable, dubious. [index]
fomo - low obligation modal disjunct. See mo. [index]
fomoy - near, close to. Teda koncindi nitakoncedi fomoyda konjidi xedo cajindi ma = The teacher told the students that the old library was near a waterfall. See also zumoy. [index]
fomu - few, little [quantity], a small amount or quantity, not too much, not too many. [index]
fomukoy - occasionally, on occasion, from time to time, once in a while, not too often, a few times. [index]
fomwa - less, comparative modifier. See also tupye. [index]
fopu - soon, in the near future, in a short time from now. Keep in mind that fopu is a disjunct, not an adverb! See also pu. [index]
fosendi - creole. [Etym: low polarity + language] See also zusendi. [index]
fotamu - early, near the beginning (of a sequence), early in a sequence. [index]
fotebyadi - intercom. [Etym: low polarity + speech + device] [index]
fotexidi - morpheme, a meaningful component of a word. [Etym: low polarity + word] [index]
fotonme - low inevitability modal disjunct. See tonme. [index]
fovendi - subordinate, underling, inferior, subaltern. [Etym: low polarity + social/political/business relation] Teda xevendi nifovendi xeho tada xehi loda fohi topyo bitodi = The boss told his subordinates that he wanted them to work in the auditorium. [index]
foxwame - low hedge modal disjunct. See xwame. [index]
fozidi - minute, unit of measure equal to 60 seconds. [Etym: low polarity + measure] [index]
fubudo - foul-tasting, unpalatable, unsavory, unappetizing. [Etym: food/stomach + antonym scalar non-relational state] Bume tada nifocedi fuguvi fudi fubudo = The children didn't want to swallow the foul-tasting food. [index]
fucedi - gourmet/gourmand, connoisseur, epicure, bon vivant. [Etym: food/stomach + person] [index]
fudi - food, fare, victual, comestible, edible, item that can be eaten. [Etym: "fu" is the 'other food item' classifier] Bume tada nifocedi fuguvi fudi fubudo = The children didn't want to swallow the foul-tasting food. Note that "fudi" is a count noun in Nasendi even though it is a mass noun in English. Thus, "fudi" literally means 'food item'. However, we will often translate it as 'food' if the result sounds more natural. This will also apply to many other roots that have the classifier "-fu". [index]
fufido - edible, eatable, fit for consumption. [Etym: food/stomach + binary non-relational state] [index]
fugodi - spoon. [Etym: food/stomach + tool/instrument] [index]
fuguda - swallow, gulp (down), bolt (down), gobble, ingurgitate. [Etym: food/stomach + action] Bume tada nifocedi fuguvi fudi fubudo = The children didn't want to swallow the foul-tasting food. [index]
fugyadi - restaurant, eating house, eatery, a place of business where cooked food can be bought and eaten. [Etym: food/stomach + place of business] [index]
fujodi - meal, repast. [Etym: food/stomach + complete performance] Bume pi fuloda mi mave pi fubuda fujodi = I'm not eating because the meal is foul-tasting. [index]
fulado - tasty, savory, good-tasting, toothsome, palatable. [Etym: food/stomach + scalar non-relational state] [index]
fulida - hungry. [Etym: food/stomach + physical relationship] Note that "fulida" is a P/F-s verb. Use "fulido" for the adjective. [index]
fuloda - eat, ingest. [Etym: food/stomach + activity] Bume pi fuloda mi mave pi fubuda fujodi = I'm not eating because the meal is foul-tasting. [index]
futodi - dining room, lunchroom, mess, eating room. [Etym: food/stomach + room] Lida mi Najoncedi pyo futodi fulode = I saw John in the dining room eating. [index]
futuda - taste like/of, have the flavor of. [Etym: food/stomach + other scalar relational state] [index]
fuzando - inedible, uneatable, not fit for consumption. [Etym: food/stomach + opposite binary non-relational state] [index]
gagikindi - granddaughter. [Etym: child's daughter + kin] [index]
gakindi - child, offspring. [Etym: child + kin] Note that gakindi cannot be used to represent the sense of 'youth'. See focedi. [index]
geme - acceptability modal disjunct. This is the acceptability modal disjunct. See the chapter on Modality in the language reference manual for more information. [index]
gemeki - interrogative acceptability modal disjunct. See geme. [index]
gemu - enough, sufficient, adequate, ample, plenty of. [index]
gibyedo - purple. [Etym: purple + color] [index]
gijimu - triple, three-in-one, three of a kind. [index]
gikindi - daughter, female child. [Etym: female child + kin] [index]
gimaw - tenseless-resumptive disjunct. This is the tenseless-resumptive disjunct. See the chapter on Tense & Aspect in the language reference manual for more information. [index]
gimawsyu - resume, continue on. [index]
gimawvya - resume, continue on with. [index]
gimay - later, at a time after now. [index]
gimay-ziday - tomorrow. [Etym: future/later + day] Gyaloda mi gimay-ziday jaypide pyoda femi konjidi = I'll go shopping tomorrow when you're at the library. [index]
gimi - he/him, she/her, it. This is the third person pronoun and always refers to someone or something other than the speaker or listener that is part of the current environment (regardless of distance). It should never be used as an anaphor. [index]
gimu - three. [index]
gimukoy - thrice, three times, on three occasions. [index]
gipa - past-resumptive disjunct. This is the past-resumptive disjunct. See the chapter on Tense & Aspect in the language reference manual for more information. [index]
gipaw - over there [away from both speaker and listener]. [index]
gipe - that [away from both speaker and listener]. Nuyebume topyovudoy nikonzwedi gipe lokandi makay mi = Please don't put those desks in the truck without me. [index]
gipi - present-resumptive disjunct. This is the present-resumptive disjunct. See the chapter on Tense & Aspect in the language reference manual for more information. [index]
gipoy - his, her, its. This is the third person genitive adjective and always refers to someone or something other than the speaker or listener that is part of the current environment (regardless of distance). It should never be used as an anaphor. [index]
gipu - future-resumptive disjunct. This is the future-resumptive disjunct. See the chapter on Tense & Aspect in the language reference manual for more information. [index]
gitamu - third. [index]
gobido - sharp, keen, edged for cutting. [Etym: cut/incise/sharp + scalar non-relational state] Pi posa ceki fegodi gobido poy = Who has my sharp scissors? [index]
godi - knife. [Etym: "go" is the 'tool, utensil, and non-powered instrument' classifier] Bume goguda mi cinfudi mave gozuda xema godi poy = I didn't cut the bread because my knife was very dull. [index]
goguda - cut, incise, slice, gash. [Etym: cut/incise/sharp + action] Bume goguda mi cinfudi mave gozuda xema godi poy = I didn't cut the bread because my knife was very dull. [index]
gozudo - dull, blunt, unsharp, unedged. [Etym: cut/incise/sharp + antonym scalar non-relational state] Bume goguda mi cinfudi mave gozuda xema godi poy = I didn't cut the bread because my knife was very dull. [index]
guda - do something to, affect. [Etym: "gu" is the 'other action' classifier] [index]
guka - do, carry out. See also fivusoy and guda. Meki guka femi nilojodi po tateda mi femi gukavi lohi = Did you do the tasks that I asked you to do? [index]
gukado - busy, occupied. [index]
gukakwa - activity, goings-on, doings. [index]
gukasodi - deed, act, action, activity. [index]
gukavoy - busy, occupied, be doing something. Keep in mind that gukavoy is a verb, not an adjective! [index]
gukindi - son, male child. [Etym: male child + kin] [index]
guko - use on/for, apply to. Note that guko is A/P/F-d and that the order of the two objects is the opposite of their English order (it is the focus that is being "used on" the patient). IMPORTANT! See also guvya. [index]
guku - achieve, accomplish. [index]
gukwa - action, deed, act. [index]
gukya - act, behave. [index]
gukyakwa - behavior. [index]
guswa - with [instrumental], by, by means of, via, on. [index]
guvya - operate, run, control, manage, use, utilize, employ, make use of, put to use. See also guko [index]
guvyakwe - under the control of. Note that guvyakwe is a verb, not an adjective! See also guvya and guvyavoy. [index]
guvyaso - in use/operation (to be ...). Note that guvyaso is a verb, NOT an adjective. [index]
guvyavoy - in charge/control. Note that guvyavoy is a verb, not an adjective! [index]
gwecindi - actor, player. [Etym: meaning/representation/alternative + business/academic group member] [index]
gwemwa - spelling start particle. [index]
gwepye - or (else), either .. or. [Etym: alternative + conjunction] [index]
gwepyedo - alternative, other, else. [index]
Gwepyesoyda - Otherwise, ..., Alternatively, .... Note that gwepyesoyda is a verbal disjunct and takes a single clause for an argument. [index]
gyacindi - merchant, storekeeper, shopkeeper, dealer, retailer. [Etym: buy/sell/retail + business/academic group member] Lida mi topyovu gyacindi binjadi binbyadi = I saw the merchant put the money in the cash register. Pyoka femi gyadi maveki pye gyatevi gyacindi jinbyadi cinzando xedo bape = Why did you stay at the store and haggle with the merchant about that old broken stove? [index]
gyadi - store [retail], shop, mart. [Etym: "gya" is the 'place of business' classifier] Pyoka femi gyadi maveki pye gyatevi gyacindi jinbyadi cinzando xedo bape = Why did you stay at the store and haggle with the merchant about that old broken stove? [index]
gyafayda - sell, vend, transfer ownership to someone in exchange for money. [Etym: commerce + exchange/swap/transfer] Gyafayda mi jadi make Najoncedi maswa binzidi lumu ma = I sold the book to John for five dollars. [index]
gyalaydi - marketplace, open market, bazaar, outdoor marketplace. [Etym: buy/sell/retail + infrastructure] [index]
gyaloda - shop, go shopping. [Etym: buy/sell/retail + activity] Gyaloda mi gimay-ziday jaypide pyoda femi konjidi = I'll go shopping tomorrow when you're at the library. [index]
gyateda - haggle, dicker, negotiate, bargain. [Etym: buy/sell/retail + speech act] Pyoka femi gyadi maveki pye gyatevi gyacindi jinbyadi cinzando xedo bape = Why did you stay at the store and haggle with the merchant about that old broken stove? [index]
gyavendi - customer, client, buyer, patron. [Etym: buy/sell/retail + social/political/business relation] [index]
gyazwedi - counter, checkout (counter), table or other flat surface over which business transactions are conducted. [Etym: buy/sell/retail + furniture] Fida tetawdi byefido ma limoydu gyazwedi pyo lungyadi = There was a colorful parrot behind the counter at the pub. [index]
jadi - book, volume, tome. [Etym: "ja" is the 'social item' classifier] [index]
jagikindi - half sister. [Etym: parent's daughter + kin] [index]
jajakindi - grandparent. [Etym: parent's parent + kin] Repeat the initial ja to add one or more 'great' modifiers; e.g., use jajajakindi for 'great grandparent'. [index]
jajidi - town hall, city hall, municipal building. [Etym: public/social/communal + building] [index]
jajikindi - grandmother. [Etym: parent's mother + kin] Repeat the initial ja to add one or more 'great' modifiers; e.g., use jajajikindi for 'great grandmother'. [index]
jajukindi - grandfather. [Etym: parent's father + kin] Repeat the initial ja to add one or more 'great' modifiers; e.g., use jajajukindi for 'great grandfather'. [index]
jakindi - parent, mother or father. [Etym: parent + kin] [index]
jalaydi - park, common(s). [Etym: public/social/communal + infrastructure] [index]
jatagikindi - stepsister. [Etym: parent's spouse's daughter + kin] [index]
jaymaw - tenseless-perfective disjunct. This is the tenseless-perfective disjunct. See the chapter on Tense & Aspect in the language reference manual for more information. [index]
jaymwa - closing parenthesis. See kunmwa. [index]
jaypa - past-perfective disjunct. Jaypa is synonymous with pa. [index]
jaypi - present-perfective disjunct. This is the present-perfective disjunct. See the chapter on Tense & Aspect in the language reference manual for more information. [index]
jaypide - when, while, during, as, at [temporal], at the same time as. [index]
jaypika - spend (time), pass. [index]
jaypu - future-perfective disjunct. Jaypu is synonymous with pu. [index]
jazagakindi - cousin. [Etym: parent's sibling's child + kin] [index]
jazukindi - uncle. [Etym: parent's brother + kin] [index]
jicandi - fence [enclosure or barrier]. [Etym: building + separator] Xemo figuda femi jicandi ma canpyo nicejidi femu = You should have built a fence between the two buildings. [index]
jidi - house [residential], building for residence of typically one family or household. [Etym: "ji" is the 'other building' classifier] Jintada jikindi poy mi mave moyda mi jidi = My mother was angry at me because I was away from the house. [index]
jijudi - cat [domestic]. [Etym: house/habitual/inherent/reside + carnivore] Jijudi refers only to the domestic cat, Felis catus. Pi jiloda jijudi muki pyo jidi fepoy = How many cats live at your house? [index]
jikindi - mother, female parent. [Etym: female parent + kin] Jintada jikindi poy mi mave moyda mi jidi = My mother was angry at me because I was away from the house. [index]
jiloda - dwell, live, reside, make one's home. [Etym: house/habitual/inherent/reside + activity] See also jilokya. Pi jiloda jijudi muki pyo jidi fepoy = How many cats live at your house? [index]
jilokya - inhabit, live/reside at/in, occupy. See also jiloda. [index]
jimaw - tenseless-habitual disjunct. This is the tenseless-habitual disjunct. See the chapter on Tense & Aspect in the language reference manual for more information. [index]
jimawde - every (time), each (time). TBD: "every three weeks", "each time you shout" [index]
jimawsyade - usually, habitually, regularly, customarily, typically, routinely. [index]
jimawsyadi - habit, wont, custom, routine, convention. [index]
jimawsyado - typical, usual, habitual, regular, customary, routine, conventional. [index]
jimawvya - do habitually, be in the habit of. [index]
jinbyadi - stove, range, appliance used for cooking food. [Etym: fire/heat/yellow + other device] Pyoka femi gyadi maveki pye gyatevi gyacindi jinbyadi cinzando xedo bape = Why did you stay at the store and haggle with the merchant about that old broken stove? [index]
jinbyedo - yellow. [Etym: yellow + color] Meki pi lida femi cetawdi jinbyedo gipe = Do you see that yellow bird? [index]
jincedi - fireman, fire fighter. [Etym: fire/heat/yellow + person] Pi faytada nijincedi tawxeda cadi topyodu calaydi may-ziday = The fire fighters are grateful that the water in the canal was high today. [index]
jincindi - chef, cook. [Etym: fire/heat/yellow + business/academic group member] [index]
jindi - fire, blaze. [Etym: "jin" is the 'non-weather natural phenomenon' classifier] Pi konda mi pi jinxeda jindi = I know that the fire is hot. [index]
jinfido - cooked, not raw, food prepared using heat. [Etym: fire/heat/yellow + binary non-relational state] [index]
jinfodo - cold, of relatively low temperature. [Etym: fire/heat/yellow + antonym scalar non-relational state] [index]
jingodi - thermometer, temperature indicator. [Etym: fire/heat/yellow + tool/instrument] [index]
jinkandi - firetruck, fire engine. [Etym: fire/heat/yellow + vehicle] [index]
jinloda - cook, prepare food using heat. [Etym: fire/heat/yellow + activity] [index]
jinsendi - recipe, cooking instructions. [Etym: fire/heat/yellow + protocol] [index]
jintada - angry, irate, furious, incensed, indignant, infuriated, mad. [Etym: fire/heat/yellow + emotional state] Note that "jintada" is a verb, not an adjective! Jintada jikindi poy mi mave moyda mi jidi = My mother was angry at me because I was away from the house. [index]
jintodi - kitchen, room where food is cooked or prepared. [Etym: fire/heat/yellow + room] [index]
jinxedo - hot, of relatively high temperature. [Etym: fire/heat/yellow + scalar non-relational state] Pi konda mi pi jinxeda jindi = I know that the fire is hot. [index]
jinxudi - urine. [Etym: fire/heat/yellow + plant/animal substance] [index]
jipa - past-habitual disjunct. This is the past-habitual disjunct. See the chapter on Tense & Aspect in the language reference manual for more information. [index]
jipasyado - past, former, prior, previous, earlier, preceding. Jipasyado has the sense 'past/former' as in the expression "past events" or "former employees". It implies habitual events or relationships. [index]
jipi - present-habitual disjunct. This is the present-habitual disjunct. See the chapter on Tense & Aspect in the language reference manual for more information. [index]
jipisyado - present, current, present-day/-time/-age. Jipisyado has the sense 'current' as in the expression "current events" or "current employees". It implies habitual events or relationships. [index]
jipu - future-habitual disjunct. This is the future-habitual disjunct. See the chapter on Tense & Aspect in the language reference manual for more information. [index]
jipusyado - future, following, later, coming, next. Jipusyado has the sense 'future' as in the expression "future events" or "future employees". It implies habitual events or relationships. [index]
jitudu - by nature, inherently, having the nature, quality, or characteristics of. [Etym: house/habitual/inherent/reside + other scalar relational state] [index]
jituki - what kind of [interrogative], being what by nature. [index]
jitukindi - stepfather, husband of biological mother that is not one's biological father. [Etym: mother's husband + kin] [index]
jodi - performance, production, show, presentation, engagement. [Etym: "jo" is the 'complete performance' classifier] Jutada cedi xemu ma jodi po nitakoncedi = A lot of people liked the students' performance. [index]
jofido - whole, complete, entire, total, intact, undiminished. [Etym: complete/finish/result/consequence + binary non-relational state] [index]
jofudi - stew, chowder, goulash, ragout, mulligan. [Etym: complete/finish/result/consequence + food item] [index]
jokonda - know by heart, know letter-perfect, have memorized, know perfectly and completely. [Etym: complete/finish/result/consequence + other mental state] [index]
jokonku - memorize, commit to memory, learn by heart, fix in the mind. [Etym: complete/finish/result/consequence + other mental state] [index]
jomaw - tenseless-completive disjunct. This is the tenseless-completive disjunct. See the chapter on Tense & Aspect in the language reference manual for more information. [index]
jomawsyu - come to an ending/finishing point, end, finish. [index]
jomawvya - finish, end, bring to an end. [index]
jomay - earlier (in the indicated time period). Jomay never appears alone. It must always be followed by a time-measure previous-word modifier and will represent a time before the current time but within the indicated time period. See also lumay. [index]
jomi - we/us, we/us here but not others. This is the inclusive first person pronoun and refers to the speaker plus any listeners, but not to others. [index]
jomo - consequentiality modal disjunct. This is the consequentiality modal disjunct. See the chapter on Modality in the language reference manual for more information. [index]
jomoki - interrogative consequentiality modal disjunct. See jomo. [index]
jomu - four. Fida fekandi cinfido jomu ma topyo kanjidi = There were four bicycles in working order in the garage. [index]
jomwa - complete parenthetical expression stop. See camwa and fepye. [index]
jopa - past-completive disjunct. This is the past-completive disjunct. See the chapter on Tense & Aspect in the language reference manual for more information. [index]
jopaw - here or there [near listener], either here or there near you. [index]
jope - this/that. Jope can refer to something near the speaker or near the listener or both. It has no real English equivalent. [index]
jopi - present-completive disjunct. This is the present-completive disjunct. See the chapter on Tense & Aspect in the language reference manual for more information. [index]
jopoy - our, both my and your but not of others. This is the inclusive first person genitive adjective and refers to the speaker plus any listeners, but not to others. [index]
jopu - future-completive disjunct. This is the future-completive disjunct. See the chapter on Tense & Aspect in the language reference manual for more information. [index]
jopye - if, as long as, in the event, provided (that), on condition, if it should happen that, etc. [index]
jopyeda - depend on, be contingent on, be conditional on. [index]
jopyede - as long as, depending on, provided/providing (that), on condition (of), if. [index]
jopyeki - What if ...?. [index]
jopyekwe - then [conditional]. Note that the word jopyekwe meaning 'if' can NOT be used here even though English requires it. See also jopye. [index]
jopyekweda - imply, entail, connote, presuppose, mean, involve. [index]
jotado - satisfied (with), content(ed), at ease, comfortable. [Etym: finish/result/consequence + emotional state] [index]
jotodi - apartment, flat, tenement, chambers. [Etym: finish/result/consequence + functional section of building] [index]
joydi - boat, ship. [Etym: "joy" is the 'water vehicle' classifier] [index]
jozada - result (in), produce, lead to, bring forth, yield, have as a result/product/outcome. [Etym: finish/result/consequence + binary relational state] [index]
jozade - that, such that, producing, leading to, bringing forth, the result/outcome being. [Etym: see jozada] [index]
jozando - incomplete, partial, deficient, lacking, wanting, short. [Etym: finish/result/consequence + opposite binary non-relational state] [index]
judi - dog. [Etym: "ju" is the 'carnivore' classifier] Judi includes all breeds of Canis familiaris. [index]
jukindi - father, male biological parent. [Etym: male parent + kin] [index]
jutada - like, enjoy, delight in, relish, be pleased with. [Etym: like/friend + emotion/desire mental state] Pi jutada mi tawgyadi mave pi jutinda nicedi pyodu lungyadi tawho = I like the airport because the people at its pub are friendly. [index]
jutado - pleased (with), delighted, thrilled, gratified, appreciative. [Etym: see jutada] [index]
jutindo - friendly, amiable/amicable, congenial, agreeable, pleasant. [Etym: like/friend + scalar non-relational state] Pi jutada mi tawgyadi mave pi jutinda nicedi pyodu lungyadi tawho = I like the airport because the people at its pub are friendly. [index]
jutoydo - unfriendly, unamicable, uncordial, unsociable, hostile. [Etym: like/friend + antonym scalar non-relational state] [index]
juvendi - friend, buddy, pal, chum, comrade, intimate. [Etym: like/friend + social/political/business relation] [index]
kancindi - mechanic, one who repairs and maintains vehicles and other mechanical items. [Etym: vehicle + business/academic group member] Teda kancindi mi pu cinfivyu kanhi kandi poy maswa binzidi jobumu ma = The mechanic told me that he'll fix my car for forty dollars. [index]
kandi - automobile, car, auto. [Etym: "kan" is the 'other vehicle' classifier] Teda kancindi mi pu cinfivyu kanhi kandi poy maswa binzidi jobumu ma = The mechanic told me that he'll fix my car for forty dollars. [index]
kanfodo - slow, leisurely, having a low rate of motion or activity. [Etym: go/move/fast + antonym scalar non-relational state] [index]
kangyadi - gas station, filling station, service station. [Etym: vehicle + place of business] [index]
kanjadi - license plate. [Etym: vehicle + social item] Bufayvo nikanjadi po jinkandi pyodu kanlaydi = The license plates of the firetruck in the parking lot were stolen. [index]
kanjidi - garage, carbarn, coach or carriage house. [Etym: vehicle + building] Fida fekandi cinfido jomu ma topyo kanjidi = There were four bicycles in working order in the garage. [index]
kanjodi - trip, journey, voyage, jaunt, excursion. [Etym: go/move/fast + complete performance] Pi zizada kanjodi pyosudu cajindi xesendi xedo ma = The trip to the waterfall is an old tradition. [index]
kanlaydi - parking lot. [Etym: vehicle + infrastructure] Bufayvo nikanjadi po jinkandi pyodu kanlaydi = The license plates of the firetruck in the parking lot were stolen. [index]
kanloda - go, travel. [Etym: go/move/fast + activity] Tada nifocedi kanlovi pyosude lijogyadi = The children wanted to go to the movie theater. [index]
kanxedo - fast, quick, having a high rate of motion or activity. [Etym: go/move/fast + scalar non-relational state] [index]
kindi - relative, kinsman, kin, relation. [Etym: "kin" is the 'kinship' classifier] See also bekindi and zubekindi. [index]
konbindi - faculty, teaching staff. [Etym: knowledge/learning + business/academic group] [index]
koncindi - teacher. [Etym: knowledge/learning + business/academic group member] See also konloda. Teda koncindi nitakoncedi fomoyda konjidi xedo cajindi ma = The teacher told the students that the old library was near a waterfall. [index]
konda - know (about), have knowledge of, realize. [Etym: "kon" is the 'other mental state' classifier] [index]
kondo - knowing, cognizant, aware, in the know. [Etym: see konda] [index]
konjadi - textbook, schoolbook. [Etym: knowledge/learning + book] [index]
konjidi - library, a place, typically a single building, that has a large collection of books. [Etym: knowledge/learning + other building] Teda koncindi nitakoncedi fomoyda konjidi xedo cajindi ma = The teacher told the students that the old library was near a waterfall. [index]
konjodi - lesson, lecture, class, unit of teaching or learning. [Etym: knowledge/learning + complete performance] [index]
konka - keep track of, keep up on, keep abreast of, monitor, keep oneself up-to-date about. [index]
konku - determine, find out, ascertain, learn. [index]
konloda - teach. [Etym: knowledge/learning + activity] See also koncindi. [index]
konmendi - school, educational institution. [Etym: knowledge/learning + site] [index]
konsu - learn, find out, come to know, discover, realize. [index]
konteda - explain, explicate, expound, spell out, clarify, elucidate, make something well understood. [Etym: knowledge/learning + speech act] [index]
kontindo - wise, sage, sagacious. [Etym: knowledge/learning + scalar non-relational state] Pi posa nucedi kontindo bujuvendi bumu ma = Wise people have no enemies. [index]
kontodi - classroom, schoolroom. [Etym: knowledge/learning + room] Pi fida konzwedi muki topyo kontodi bape = How many desks are in that classroom? [index]
kontoydo - foolish, unwise, imprudent, asinine, senseless, witless, dumb. [Etym: knowledge/learning + antonym scalar non-relational state] [index]
konva - keep current/up-to-date on. [index]
konvenda - know, be acquainted with, be an acquaintance of. [Etym: knowledge/learning + social/political/business relation] Pi konvenda mi bingyacindi bupye bume konvenda mi cindi = I know the banker but I don't know the doctor. [index]
konvendi - acquaintance, someone that one knows or has met. [Etym: knowledge/learning + social/political/business relation] [index]
konvu - inform, make aware of, enlighten. [index]
konzindi - teaching, pedagogy, education, instruction, schooling. [Etym: knowledge/learning + business/academic profession] [index]
konzwedi - desk, writing table. [Etym: knowledge/learning + furniture] Pi fida konzwedi muki topyo kontodi bape = How many desks are in that classroom? [index]
kunmaw - tenseless-imperfective disjunct. This is the tenseless-imperfective disjunct. See the chapter on Tense & Aspect in the language reference manual for more information. [index]
kunmwa - opening parenthesis. Use Kunmwa and jaymwa to enclose coordinated phrases that require common modification. See the chapter on COORDINATION AMBIGUITY in the reference manual. Kunmwa and jaymwa should also be used to prevent an argument or modifier from attaching to the immediately preceding constituent when it is necessary to instead attach to its head. [index]
kunpa - past-imperfective disjunct. This is the past-imperfective disjunct. See the chapter on Tense & Aspect in the language reference manual for more information. [index]
kunpi - present-imperfective disjunct. Kunpi is synonymous with pi. [index]
kunpu - future-imperfective disjunct. This is the future-imperfective disjunct. See the chapter on Tense & Aspect in the language reference manual for more information. Kunpu jinloda mi jaypide kunpu gyaloda femi = I'll be cooking while you'll be going shopping. [index]
kunxedo - long [temporal], lengthy, protracted, prolonged, long-lasting. [Etym: long/period of time + scalar non-relational state] [index]
kunxesa - last [temporal], go on, take. [index]
kunxesade - for (a period/duration of), lasting. [index]
kunxeswi - time, measure the duration of. [index]
labyomo - average necessity modal disjunct. See byomo. [index]
lacudi - pond, a small lake. [Etym: average polarity + lake] [index]
lado - good, desirable, nice, opposite of bad. [Etym: "la" is the 'other scalar non-relational state' classifier] Pi buda fekandi fepe bupye fida ladi femu ma topyo kanjidi = That bicycle is bad but there are two good ones in the garage. [index]
lafawme - average significance modal disjunct. See fawme. [index]
lafayda - donate, contribute, bestow, give for a benevolent reason. [Etym: good + exchange/swap/transfer] Lafayda mi binzidi jobumu ma make xecingyadi ma masedu nucedi bintoydo = I donated forty dollars to a hospital for poor people. [index]
lafedi - island/isle. [Etym: average polarity + other non-water natural location] Teda Najoncedi mi pi fida judi fexodo lamu ma pyo lafedi = John told me that there are several wild dogs on the island. [index]
lageme - average acceptability modal disjunct. See geme. [index]
lagemeda - approve (of), accept, countenance, sanction, feel that focus is acceptable. [index]
lagemedo - approving, accepting, satisfied, feeling that something (the focus, if specified) is acceptable. [index]
lagemesodo - acceptable, admissible, okay. [index]
lagomu - about half. [index]
lajomo - average consequentiality modal disjunct. See jomo. [index]
lakonmendi - high school, secondary school, middle school. [Etym: average polarity + school] [index]
lalime - average evidentiality modal disjunct. See lime. [index]
lalimeda - suspect, imagine, feel that there is reasonable evidence for. [index]
lamado - ordinary, average, so-so, typical, common, usual, average in degree or magnitude. [index]
lamay - about now, at about this time. [index]
lame - average probability modal disjunct. See me. [index]
lamo - average obligation modal disjunct. See mo. [index]
lamoda - supposed to, highly obligated to. Note that lamoda is a verb, not an adjective! [index]
lamu - several, some, a moderate quantity of. [index]
lamukoy - sometimes, at times, now and then, occasionally. [index]
lamwa - as (much/many), comparative modifier. See also tupye. [index]
latamu - medial, middle, midway, midmost, intermediate, halfway, midway in a sequence. [index]
latonme - average inevitability modal disjunct. See tonme. [index]
lavendi - co-worker, workfellow, fellow worker, colleague. [Etym: average polarity + social/political/business relation] See also vendi. [index]
laxwame - average hedge modal disjunct. See xwame. [index]
laydi - road(way), carriageway, thoroughfare. [Etym: "lay" is the 'infrastructure' classifier] Pi fida laydi pe mave pi tada cedi xemu ma kanlovi pyosude cajindi = This road exists because a lot of people want to go to the waterfall. [index]
layfedi - peninsula, cape, promontory, headland. [Etym: long(spatial) + other non-water natural location] [index]
laygodi - ruler, rule, straightedge. [Etym: long(spatial) + tool/instrument] [index]
laygyadi - railroad station/depot, train station/depot. [Etym: train + place of business] Pi cinzuda tawcandi tawxedo topyodu laygyadi = The high ceiling in the train station is weak. [index]
laykandi - train, railroad train. [Etym: long(spatial) + vehicle] [index]
laypyo - along (the length of). [index]
layxedo - long [spatial], lengthy. [Etym: long(spatial) + scalar non-relational state] Meki pi lida femi jicandi layxedo gipe = Do you see that long fence? Pi layxesa jicandi gipe layzidi cabubumu ma = That fence is one hundred meters long. [index]
layzidi - meter [unit of measurement]. [Etym: long(spatial) + measurement] Pi layxesa gyazwedi topyodu lungyadi layzidi timu ma = The counter in the pub is eight meters long. [index]
lazidi - hour, unit of measure equal to 60 minutes. [Etym: average polarity + measure] [index]
lebubyedo - brown. [Etym: orange + black + color] [index]
lebyedo - orange [the color]. [Etym: orange + color] [index]
ledi - bee. [Etym: "le" is the 'bee & wasp' classifier] Ledi includes all members of superfamily Apoidea. [index]
libyadi - television (set), TV. [Etym: see/vision/clear + other device] Cinfivyu byacindi ma libyadi femay-ziday = A technician fixed the television yesterday. [index]
licandi - window. [Etym: see/vision/clear + separator] Canzanvyu femi candi maveki pye canfivyuvi licandi = Why did you open the door and close the window? [index]
lida - see, detect with the eye(s). [Etym: "li" is the 'physical relationship' classifier] Lida mi Najoncedi pyo futodi fulode = I saw John in the dining room eating. [index]
lifedi - mountain/mount, alp. [Etym: see/vision/clear + other non-water natural location] [index]
ligodi - glasses, spectacles, eyeglasses. [Etym: see/vision/clear + tool/instrument] [index]
ligyadi - museum. [Etym: see/vision/clear + place of business] Pi juvenda Naryacedi buvendi lumu bape lipyodu ligyadi = Mary is a friend of those five strangers in front of the museum. [index]
lijodi - movie, motion picture, film, flick. [Etym: see/vision/clear + complete performance] Pi bume bikonda mi lijodi po lida mi lihi pyo lijogyadi may-ziday = I didn't understand the movie that I saw at the movie theater today. [index]
lijogyadi - movie theater, cinema, movies. [Etym: movie + place of business] Pi bume bikonda mi lijodi po lida mi lihi pyo lijogyadi may-ziday = I didn't understand the movie that I saw at the movie theater today. [index]
likonda - imagine, visualize, picture, fancy, see in one's mind. [Etym: see + other mental state] [index]
liloda - read, understand the meaning of written symbols. [Etym: see + activity] [index]
lime - evidentiality modal disjunct. This is the evidentiality modal disjunct. See the chapter on Modality in the language reference manual for more information. [index]
limeda - accept as possible, admit the possibility of. (The agent admits the possibility of the focus because there may be evidence in support.) [index]
limeki - interrogative evidentiality modal disjunct. See lime. [index]
limesodo - plausible, conceivable, reasonable, justifiable. [index]
limoy - behind, in back of. Note that "limoy" is a LOCATIVE case tag, NOT a temporal one. Pi topyoda nifekandi zujidi limoydu jidi = The bicycles are in the shed behind the house. [index]
lipyo - in front of, ahead of. Note that "lipyo" is a LOCATIVE case tag, NOT a temporal one. Pi juvenda Naryacedi buvendi lumu bape lipyodu ligyadi = Mary is a friend of those five strangers in front of the museum. [index]
litawdi - owl. [Etym: see/clear/vision + other bird] "Litawdi" includes all members of order Strigiformes. [index]
lituda - resemble, look like. [Etym: see/clear/vision + other scalar relational state] [index]
lixanda - sleep, slumber, doze, snooze, be asleep. [Etym: see/clear/vision + opposite binary non-relational state] [index]
lixando - asleep, sleeping, slumbering. [Etym: see/clear/vision + opposite binary non-relational state] [index]
lixansyu - fall asleep, go to sleep, drop off, doze off, drowse off. [index]
lixodo - awake, up, conscious. [Etym: see/clear/vision + binary non-relational state] [index]
lixosyu - wake (up), awake(n). [index]
lobindi - union, labor union, trade union. [Etym: work/labor + business/academic group] Bume jutada lobindi binsendi mave bume binfayda binhi binjadi gemu ma = The labor union didn't like the contract because it didn't pay enough money. [index]
loda - work (on), labor (at/on). [Etym: "lo" is the 'activity' classifier] Teda xevendi nifovendi xeho tada xehi loda fohi topyo bitodi = The boss told his subordinates that he wanted them to work in the auditorium. [index]