Key's son Philip Burton Key was shot on the White House grounds by his girlfriend's husband, Congressman Dan Sickles. Sickles was tried & acquitted on the grounds that it was a crime of passion. He took his wife back, after demanding that she humiliate herself by confessing to her adultery in front of the servants.

1856 -- Giovanni Rossi (aka Cardias) lives (1856-1943). Italian veterinarian, teacher, collectivist anarchist, a founder of Cittadella Colony & the Brazilian Cecilia Colony. See the Anarchist Encyclopedia page, http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/RossiGiovanni.htm




1878 -- US: For the first time, milk is delivered in glass bottles by one Alexander Campbell, in New York. Previously moo juice was ladled out of a container by the milkman, right into the customer's container.

http://www.nineinchnails.net/graphicstrent.asp




1885 -- Alice Paul, first peace picketer at the White House, lives.
http://www.alicepaul.org/



1887 -- American naturalist Aldo Leopold lives.


1887 -- Jean-Jacques Liabeuf lives. French shoe-maker guillotined in 1910 despite massive protests initiated by the anarchists. Gustave Hervé, the revolutionary socialist & publisher of "The Social War", got four years in prison for writing articles defending Liabeuf.
http://ytak.club.fr/juillet1.html#2



1887 -- France: The anarchist thief Clément Duval goes on trial at the Seine Court of Assizes. Duval had broken into the apartment of a rich woman (25th October 1886), stolen her jewels & accidentally set it on fire.

From being the accused Duval became the accuser... The crowd which packed out the court-room was carried away by his vehemence, & echoed his words.

The hearing ended uproariously with Duval expelled, shouting "Long live anarchy", the police overwhelmed by the crowd, the judges in flight to their chambers, insults & blows, fights & arrests.

But freedom was closing its doors on him, & the inferno was to take him in, seemingly forever...

[Details / context]

JEAN-LEON GÉRÔME
Daily Bleed Saint 2002

French painter of the "decadent oriental." http://www.mala.bc.ca/~mcneil/gerome.htm




1906 -- Albert Hofmann, chemist, lives, Switzerland. He is inspires the slogan "Better Living Through Chemistry."



1908 -- South Africa: A prominent young lawyer, Mohandas Gandhi, is jailed for the first time, for refusing to register as an Asian. Johannesburg.



1908 -- Argentina: General Strike by workers in Buenos Aires.
"To make labor increasingly obedient & cheap..."
http://recollectionbooks.com/siml/library/index.html#galeano


1911 -- First "Modern School", based on ideas of Francisco Ferrer, founded by a group including Leonard Abbott, Alexander Berkman & Emma Goldman, New York City. Established in 1911, it was moved to Stelton, New Jersey, in 1914.

See Paul Avrich, The Modern School Movement (Princeton, 1980), & Laurence Veysey, "The Ferrer Colony & the Modern School," in The Communal Experience: Anarchist & Mystical Communities in Twentieth-Century America (University of Chicago, 1978).

Several women were instrumental in the school's development: Elizabeth Ferm, Jo Ann Wheeler, Nellie Dick & Anna Schwartz. Robert Henri taught at the Modern School. Other notable participants include Hippolyte Havel, Alfred Levitt, Will Durant & Man Ray. Visitors include Jack London, Margaret Sanger, Emma Goldman, & Peter Kropotkin. Voltairine de Cleyre, a teacher, translated Ferrer's book The Modern School from Spanish into English, helping to build the Modern School movement in the US, fostering dozens of schools which experimented with anarchist education & collective learning in the early 1900s.

Nice in-depth pages dedicated to the Modern School, Ferrer, etc, see Aaron Wunderlich's material at
http://www.talkinghistory.org/stelton/stelton.html
http://recollectionbooks.com/siml/library/reidRadicalEducatorsNYC/reidRadicalEducatorsInNewYorkCity.htm

See Rutger's Modern School collection, http://www.libraries.rutgers.edu/rul/libs/scua/modern_school/modern.shtml

See the University of Michigan's Modern School collection for the magazines edited, published & printed by Joseph Ishill at the Modern School, http://www.lib.umich.edu/spec-coll/ishill/modern.html

http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/5422/

For a more contemporary take, see http://www.infoshop.org/kidz/k_schools.html & http://www.infoshop.org/kidz/readings.html

In 1911, Man Ray "Begins going to Ferrer Center (so named after the Spanish anarchist). The Center functioned under libertarian principles, with classes in drawing, watercolor. "In fact, everything was open & free, even love."

http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/2419/spain_ferrer.html

The Lawrence Textile Strike of 1912 lasts 10 weeks & includes 32,000 textile workers, most of them unskilled, foreign-born, & many women. It begins after the legislature cuts maximum working hours for women & children from 56 to 54 hours per week, & the employers cut their pay along with the hours. The workers called in the IWW for help.

The name "Bread & Roses" comes from the title of a poem written by James Oppenheim in 1912 about a textile strike in Lawrence, Massachusetts. Ten thousand women & children marched against brutal working conditions, long hours & insufficient wages. The strike also inspired a massive "pageant" to publicize the strike, since newspapers like the NY Times refused to report on it, or simply sided with the owners against these ungrateful nasty strikers, many of whom were ignorant immigrants.

As we go marching, marching, we battle too for men,
For they are women's children, & we mother them again.
Our lives shall not be sweated from birth until life closes;
Hearts starve as well as bodies; give us bread, but give us roses.

hhttp://ehistory.osu.edu/osu/mmh/1912/labor_problem/unions.cfm
See Joyce Kornbluh's Rebel Voices,
http://www.lucyparsonsproject.org/iww/kornbluh_bread_roses.html

Long article from this period which appeared in the Atlantic Monthly:
http://www.theatlantic.com/issues/12may/deland.htm
http://www.iww.org/
http://www.holtlaborlibrary.org/Lawrence.html
http://www.columbia.edu/~melissa/petronella/songs/bread-roses.html
http://www.breadandroses.com/
Mary Heaton Vorse on the Lawrence Strike,
http://www.marxists.org/subject/women/authors/vorse/lawrence.html
http://womhist.binghamton.edu/law/intro.htm

1914 -- US: Emma Goldman delivers an extensive lecture series on the modern drama, from January 11-March 8, in New York City

Goldman expands her repertoire to discuss the works of British poet & dramatist John Masefield, & American playwrights Mark E. Swan, William J. Hurlbut, Joshua Rosett, & Edwin Davies Schoonmaker. Responding to the massive unemployment of the time, Goldman requests contributions for the jobless at each lecture.

See Emma Goldman's The Social Significance of the Modern Drama (1914), the full text of which is online.

1922 -- Canada: At Toronto General Hospital, 14-year-old Leonard Thompson becomes the first person to receive an insulin injection as treatment for diabetes.

Diabetes had been recognized as a distinct medical condition for over 3,000 years, but its exact cause was a mystery until the 20th century.

...over 3,000... years (?)

— Bleedster Philip, 1999

1924 -- US: Slim Harpo, musician, lives.


1925 -- Aaron Copland's First Symphony premiers, in a Paris ensemble directed by Nadia Boulanger, his teacher.


1928 -- Eat Yer heart Out?: Thomas Hardy dies at his home near Dorchester at 87. His heart (more or less) is buried in the grave of his first wife in Dorset; his ashes are deposited next to those of Charles Dickens in Westminster Abbey. His dried balls are worn as earrings by his second wife.

His family wanted a part of his mortal coil kept in his native Dorsetshire. An elderly cousin was given the canister containing the heart the night before the burial. Her cat sniffed it out, knocked the canister over, & ate Hardy's heart. The cousin put the lid back on, & unbeknownst to the world, the empty vessel was buried. The cousin did not confess until years later.

1928 -- Russia: Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader Leon Trotsky is in deep doo-doo. Trotsky played no less a role as Lenin in the Russian Revolution, & was a rival to Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader Joseph Stalin, who exiles him today. Trotsky called Stalin's rule a distortion of a "proletarian" dictatorship, but it was just power politics, a dictatorship Trotsky wanted to head. He was stabbed to death in México in 1940 by an agent under Stalin's orders.

First arrested as a revolutionary in 1898 & exiled to Siberia, Trotsky escaped to England where he collaborated with Vladimir Lenin, & his radical activities led to arrests throughout Europe before his return to Russia in 1917. In the power struggle after Lenin's death, Stalin bested Trotsky, who thought himself Lenin's heir.

http://www.corpse.org/issue_5/critical_urgencies/elias.htm

1929 -- After two weeks in Paris, Emma Goldman returns to St. Tropez during January-February, where she learns that friends, principally Peggy Guggenheim & Mark Dix, have contributed enough money to help her purchase the cottage & ensure her a place to live & write. She returns to working full-time on her autobiography, interrupted only by the visit in February of her nephew Saxe Commins & his wife Dorothy.



1930 -- France: In Paris for the winter, Emma Goldman continues writing; Alexander Berkman, who lives nearby in St. Cloud, helps edit her manuscript. She mails the first installment of her autobiography to Knopf. American journalist & editor H. L. Mencken visits Goldman.



1931 -- Emma Goldman finishes her autobiography, Living My Life, having written 100,000 words since she began the last two chapters in July 1930.



1932 -- Spain: Rising of Casas Viejas Pueblo in Cadiz, Spain, heralds Civil War; anarchist elder "Seisdedos" fights to the death against the hated Civil Guards. See The Anarchists of Casas Viejas by Jerome Mintz.

CASAS VIEJAS TANGO

Quien vivio, quien vivio
en esas casas de ayer,
viejas casas que el tiempo bronceo,
patios viejos color de humedad,
con leyendas de noches de amor.

Platinadas de luna las vi,
y brillantes con oro de sol,
y hoy sumiso las veo esperar,
la sentencia que marca el adios,
y alla van sin rencor,
como va al matadero la res,
sin que nadie le diga un adios.

Se van, se van,
las casas viejas queridas,
Demas estan,han terminado sus vidas.
Llego el motor y su roncar,
ordena que hay que salir.
El tiempo cruel, con su buril,
carcome y hay que morir.

Se van, se van,
llevando a cuestas su cruz,
como las sombras,
se alejan y esfuman, ante la luz

Se van, se van,
llevando a cuestas su cruz,
como las sombras,
se alejan y esfuman, ante la lu

http://www.spunk.org/library/reviews/

1935 -- Amelia Earhart took off from Honolulu on first trans-Pacific solo flight by a woman.


1935 -- American literary critic Edmund Wilson writes to John Dos Passos that he had visited Gertrude Stein in Paris & found "the whole setup rather creepy."


1936 -- Raymond Chandler & Dashiell Hammett are introduced to each other at a dinner for "Black Mask" magazine contributors in Los Angeles.
http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Parthenon/3224/
http://www.thrillingdetective.com/eyes.html

1936 -- US: Auto workers sit-in at General Motors plant in Flint, Michigan.
'Calendar Riots'

Murdered by an unknown assailant. Gentle & courtly in person, Tresca was an outspoken foe of Fascism in Germany & Italy & of Communism in the Soviet Union. The FBI accumulated a mere 1,358 pages on this outstanding citizen, they revealed on February 25, 2000, under the Freedom of Information Act.

Coppola describes his opera as "a presentation of the circumstances & the characters involved in a dramatic tragedy." In Sacco & Vanzetti, the characters in the prologue are Carlo Tresca, a Protestant Minister, a Roman Catholic Priest & a congregation of worshipers. Carlo Tresca was a leader of the Italian Anarchist Movement in America. His ghost functions as the narrator throughout the entire opera, introducing & commenting on characters & situations as they arise... We are shown the suspicion, hatred, & fear of those already in America toward those newly arrived. This darkness of humanity stands in contrast to the seeming piety of the religious faithful. Those 40 years have not changed anything. Tresca forewarns us that they will be no different in the 1920s & beyond, saying (in French), "The more things change, the more they stay the same."

Carlo Tresca edited a number of papers which stood up for workers rights & denounced the hypocrisy & corruption of those in power. One of his favorite targets was the clergy, whom he attacked relentlessly. Tresca was a skilled labor agitator, leading strikes & urging workers to stand up for their rights. Served on the famed John Dewey Commission, which declared Trotsky "not guilty" of the charges presented at the Moscow Purge Trials. Once Tresca took such positions, the Communists conducted a campaign of character assassination aimed at destroying his influence in the antifascist movements. See Gallagher's All the Right Enemies.

See also H. L. Mencken article on Tresca, http://www.theothersideofkim.com/index.php/forums/viewthread/11610/

From left, Patrick Quinlan, Carlo Tresca, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, Adolph Lessig, & Bill Haywood at Paterson, 1913

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Tresca
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAtresca.htm

1974 -- US: Spy vs. Spy?: "Well-informed sources" report Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Admiral Thomas Moorer, placed military "spies" in the executive branch of government to obtain secret information on US diplomatic initiatives.



1975 -- CIA (terrorists par excellence) assassinates two Puerto Rican independence activists, Luis Chavonnier & Eddie Ramos, also killing a six-year-old child & injuring 10 others.

Were terrorists to take over the MTV transmitter, line the video jockeys up against the studio wall, & shoot them, viewers would rightly wonder what new group was being promoted.

— Greil Marcus, Artforum, November 1983

1981 -- El Salvador: The Farabundo Marti Front for National Liberation launches a general offensive. Embattled El Salvadoran junta imposes dawn-to-dusk curfew. In two days the guerrillas' political arm will call for a General Strike. By January 15th, about half the shops in the capital city, San Salvador, are closed & 20,000 government workers walk out.

[Details / context]

"To make labor increasingly obedient & cheap... the poor countries need legions of executioners, torturers, inquisitors, jailers, & informers... "

http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/sinners/CenturyoftheWind.htm

1981 -- Puerto Rico: The "Macheteros" blow up 11 jet fighters of Puerto Rico's National Guard near San Juan.
http://www.spanamwar.com/SanJuan.htm


1986 -- US: First African American Lieutenant Governor since reconstruction sworn in (Douglas Wilder of Virginia).


1990 -- 200,000 demand return of Lithuania's independence.

— Katie Bell Oliver, a grandmother in Craven County, NC, who's attempting to raise four grandchildren on welfare.

Oliver receives $272 per month for the three youngest children & a tiny disability check for the oldest; the family lives well below the federal poverty line.

— Reported in the Washington Post Weekly, 1/11/99.

1999 -- Italy: Fabrizio De André (-1999), Sardinian anarchist songster, dies in Milan. Buried two days later, in Genoa, the ceremony is attended by an immense crowd of about 10,000.
http://www.viadelcampo.com/html/tribute_to_fabrizio_de_andre.html

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