The stone walk is paved with dark cries.

       — Pierre-Jean Jouve

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Dominican Republic: INDEPENDENCE DAY.

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1534 -- Beginning of Anabaptist "New Jerusalem" on earth in Germany. All Lutherans & Roman Catholics are to be eliminated by driving them out or converting them, so as to create a community bound by love & without sin. Nonbelief or "misbelief" is made a capital offense. It resists besieging armies & lasts over a year.
See Norman Cohn, Pursuit of the Millenium, p262-3.


1803 -- India: Great fire in Bombay.


1807 -- Poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow lives, Portland, Maine. The most popular 19th century American poet & first to earn a living solely from writing verse. His best-known narrative poem, The Song of Hiawatha (1855) adapted its meter from the Finnish national epic Kalevala.
http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/long.htm


1812 -- The young Lord Byron, in his maiden speech before the House of Lords, denounces a death penalty measure for rebellious laborers.
’Source: Robert Braunwart’; some Web sources say the 7th
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Byron
http://www.englishhistory.net/byron/life.html


1833 -- US: God tells the Mormons to abstain from alcohol, tobacco & hot drinks. Keepin it all for herself.


1846 -- Herman Melville novel Typee is published, by John Murray in England.



1848 -- France: First anarchist journal appears, Proudhon's "Le Representant du Peuple". It claims that the emancipation of the working class can only be achieved by the working class itself — without the assistance of governments. Sells 40,000 copies.

To be governed is to be ... /siml/library/anarchQuotes.htm#ProudhonQuote

See 15 January.
http://recollectionbooks.com/anow/ppl/rev/proudhon/
http://www.ephemanar.net/fevrier27.html#representant

1848 -- Following the abdication of Louis-Philippe, a Republic is proclaimed in France with poet-diplomat Alphonse de Lamartine as acting head of state.


1861 -- Rudolf Steiner lives, Austria, founder of anthroposophy movement.


1861 -- Poland: The Warsaw Massacre — Russian troops fire on demonstrators against Russian rule.


1867 -- France: Paulin Mailfait (1867-1927) lives, Charleville. Ardennes anarchist, participant in "Sans patrie" (formed October 18, 1891) with Gustave Bouillard, Nicolas Thomassin, Pierre Leroux, etc. Mailfait did eight months in prison for helping a soldier desert in 1892.
http://www.ephemanar.net/fevrier27.html


1871 -- France: Regular soldiers, sent to confiscate cannon from the National Guard militia in Paris are confronted by the crowd who have gathered, with whom the troops decide to fraternize. In due course, General Lecomte is executed, along with Clement Thomas, long hated for his part in the repression of the 1848 revolution. This victory provides the opening for the Communard insurrection [1871].
'Calendar Riots'


1875 -- US: Eugene V. Debs becomes a charter member & secretary of the Vigo Lodge, Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen. By 1880, Debs had become grand secretary of the national Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen & editor of the Locomotive Fireman's Magazine. In June 1893 Debs helped found the first industrial union in the US, the American Railway Union. He also headed the bitter Pullman strike, often known as the "Debs Rebellion" which Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader President Grover Cleveland helped brutally crush with federal troops.

[Pullman Details / context]


1876 -- France: François Segond Casteu lives (1876-1935), Nice. Anarchist who attended Sebastien Faure's "Ruche" & a collaborator on Libertaire & Germinal, a weekly magazine of the Somme. Partner of the teacher Eugènie Trébuquet. His remarks often caused problems with authorities, &, in September 1927, he was imprisoned at Amiens for a series of anticlerical articles. Casteu was released following a hunger strike.
[Source: L'Ephéméride Anarchiste]


1880 -- African American poet Angelina Weld Grimke lives.

... show details

Although her distinguished biracial Grimke family of Boston gives her prominence in society, the sad tone of her works suggests a deep unhappiness & frustration. Many of Grimke's poems express inner turmoil as she feels her social position does not allow her to live openly as a lesbian.
Like most black woman writers, her works have very little visibility.
Nonetheless, Grimke wins acclaim for two dramas, several short stories & a great number of poems. Her play Rachel angrily dramatizes the personal impact of lynching.

1887 -- Italy: Giuseppe Monanni lives (d.1952). Editor, journalist & propagandist of individualist anarchism (ala Nietzsche & Palante).

... show details

Typographer by trade; founder of the review Vir, in Florence & collaborator on many other journals & reviews. Monanni was Leda Rafanelli's lifelong companion & together with Ettore Molinari & Nella Giacomelli they formed “Protesta umana”. Under the fascists his activities were constrained, but post-WWII he wrote for the paper Libertario under the pseudonym "Mony." http://www.ephemanar.net/fevrier27.html#monanni dell’anarchismo italiano [Details / context]

1902 -- Marian Anderson lives, singer, banned by D.A.R. ALT: Marion Anderson

... show details

When the Daughters of the American Revolution refuse to let her use Constitution Hall, African-American opera star Marian Anderson sings before 75,000 people at the Lincoln Memorial on Easter Sunday 1939. Some historians cite this as the first strategic victory of the modern civil rights movement. The DAR later manages to prevent Joan Baez from performing at Constitution Hall.

http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/s_z/taggard/anderson.htm

1902 --

John Steinbeck lives, Salinas, California. Novelist, story writer, playwright, essayist & screenplay writer. Received the Nobel Prize in 1962. Wrote The Grapes of Wrath (1939), a novel widely considered a 20th-century classic, did much to publicize the injustices of migrant labor, which led to much-needed agricultural reform. Steinbeck also wrote Cannery Row & East of Eden. Among his film scripts are Hitchcock's film Lifeboat (1944) & Viva Zapata! (1952).

Daily Bleed Patron Saint 2004
Socially committed American novelist & journalist, his books are often banned in schools in the "Land of the Free" where no one is free unless free to ban, censor, or burn books.

... show details

According to the American Libraries Association, in 1993, the Mingus, Ariz. Union High School challenged the choice of Of Mice & Men as an appropriate English curriculum assignment because of "profane language, moral statement, treatment of the retarded, & the violent ending."

A Putnam County, Tenn. School Superintendent pulled the same book from a classroom a year later "due to the language in it." He said, "We just can't have this kind of book being taught."

The Loganville, Ga. High School also challenged (1994) its "vulgar language throughout."

Who then had the assigned pleasure of licking the 1979 John Steinbeck commemorative postage stamps?

ttp://as.sjsu.edu/steinbeck/
http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/johnstei.htm

1904 -- Radical American novelist James T. Farrell lives (1904-1979) Chicago, Illinois. Known for his realistic portraits of the working class Irish on the South Side of Chicago, best-known is his Studs Lonigan trilogy.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_T._Farrell


1905 -- US: "Regeneración" begins republishing in St. Louis, Missouri. This anarchist publication, issued by the brothers Ricardo & Enrique Flores Magón & their Partido Liberal Mexicano, is soon repressed by the American government (on October 12).
[Details / context]



1908 --

US: Today's edition of the San Francisco Chronicle declares that proclaiming oneself an anarchist is “a decisive proof of incurable madness.” http://www.ephemanar.net/fevrier27.html

1910 -- Peter De Vries lives, Chicago, comic novelist (The Prick of Noon).

"I love being a writer. What I can't stand is the paperwork."

1912 -- Anglo-Irish novelist, playwright, poet, Lawrence Durrell lives, Darjeeling, India.

It is the duty of every patriot to hate his country creatively. — Lawrence Durrell

... show details

Best known for The Alexandria Quartet. Worked as a jazz pianist in a London nightclub. In the 1930s he went to Paris, where he started his career as a writer & associated with such authors as Henry Miller, who became his mentor. Durrell's brother Gerald, zoologist/traveler, gained popularity with his animal stories.

Bleedster S. notes, "Born in India, lived there only 4 years, spent the rest of his life moving around, lived in England, France, Greece, Egypt, Yugoslavia, & Argentina. Spent the last 33 years of his life in various places in France, mostly near the Mediterranean. He didn't like being called "English" either — had vague pretenses to being Irish, but had English passport.

For much greater detail, see Ian MacNiven, Lawrence Durrell (1998)."

http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/durrell.htm

The futurist sweep of London is well documented. 40,000 attended the Sackville show, & Marinetti's pronunciamentos were fast absorbed by a range of young artists.

Futurism is the pre-war art world's embrace of technological advances in communications & the print media especially: Marinetti's revolution was, among other things, an incorporation onto canvas & onto the literary page of the jarring appeal of the advertising poster. The clamor of performance, of mass culture event, had invaded a previously staid arena.

Ezra Pound was not politically active before WWI, but his writings from the period around Marinetti & BLAST show that the flooding of his own art with such technological influences was accompanied by a layering of his aesthetics with political terms.

Initially blaming anarchists, the Nazi's arrest Erich Mühsam while Rudolf Rocker manages to slip their grasp.

Prudhommeaux was an early Council Communist, then an anarchiste. He participated in the defense campaign for Marinus van der Lubbe.

Marinus van der Lubbe, born in Leiden 1909, a half blind militant of the Dutch communist party & an ultraleft partisan of workers' councils, confessed to setting fire to the Reichstag in Berlin. He was beheaded in Leipzig on 10 January 1934. Most believe van der Lubbe was framed or set up by the Nazis so they could seize full power in Germany. Some French anarchistes, mostly individualists, took his defense, glorifying his action.

Before the trial you were good as dead, the hangman knew he'd have your head while you sat in gaol your death to await, I wept beside you at your fate. . . . — Willem Elsschot (1882-1960), Marinus van der Lubbe http://www.lelibertaire.net/article134.html http://www.hull.ac.uk/php/abspjl/Dutch/vdLubbe.html

In the late 1930s & early 1940s HUAC & State Senator Jack Tenney's California Joint Fact-finding Committee on Un-American Activities launched attacks on liberals & left-wingers in the film industry. Dies spearheaded an attack on the Federal Theatre Project, which succeeded in getting its funds cut off in June 1939.

When leading liberal & radical figures in Hollywood attacked his committee's operations, the Texass congressman told the press that the movie industry was a "hotbed of communism."

http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/1999/02/kaz2-f23.html

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