• See Joseph McCabe's A Biographical Dictionary of ... Freethinkers; also cited by Kropotkin in the famed 1910 edition of Encyclopaedia Britannica.

  [Details / context]

Nothing is more revolting than the majority; for it consists of few vigorous predecessors, of knaves who accommodate themselves, of weak people who assimilate themselves, & the mass that toddles after them without knowing the least what it wants.

— Goethe

Warren founded several “equity” stores, founded three Utopian colonies, & wrote True Civilization.

See Kenneth Rexroth's chapter on Josiah Warren in Communalism

Josiah Warren Archive, http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives/bright/warren/warren.html
Biographical article on Warren, with references & links,
http://faculty.evansville.edu/ck6/bstud/warren.html

EMILIANO AGUINALDO
Leader of insurrectionary forces for Philippine liberation from US occupiers.
American historical amnesia: the US policy of genocide meant the massacre of some 300,000 men, women & children in this small country, a feat not superseded until Hitler's Germany. The subject, surprisingly, is avoided or papered over in American schoolbooks & media.
http://www.nybooks.com/articles/6787


1873 -- Puerto Rico: The Spanish National Assembly finally abolishes slavery in Puerto Rico. The owners are compensated with 35 million pesetas per slave, & slaves are required to continue working for three more years.


1873 -- Spain: Fermín Salvochea y Álvarez, an early & important Andalusian anarchist, briefly mayor of Cadiz with the proclamation of the 1st Republic; among other measures, he implemented an 8-hour work day before having to flee the country. When he died in 1907, 50,000 people in Cadiz attend his burial & his tomb has never lacked a renewal of daily flowers.
http://www.andalucia.cc/almenara/105-11.htm


1882 -- US: The Edmunds Act is passed by Congress, making polygamy a felony offense, disenfranchising polygamists & barring them from public office. Apparently the only US law to deprive citizens of their civil rights without trial.



1893 -- France: Kleber Claux, French-Australian anarchist, naturalist, lives, Mogneville.
http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/gallery/galleryindex.htm#CLAUX


1895 -- Lumiere brothers first project films onto a screen in public.


1901 -- France: Pierre Fauvet (b.1859) dies. Militant member of anarchist groups in Saint-Etienne & organizer of tours in the region for Sébastien Faure.
http://ytak.club.fr/mai15.html#fauvet



1905 -- France: the trial of Alexandre Marius Jacob & his gang, begun on March 8th, concludes in Amiens. Alexandre Jacob was a burglar, & member of anarchist "Les travailleurs de la nuit" (Workers of the Night) gang, credited with 150 burglings.

The gang was formed with his companion Rose Roux, his mother Marie Berthou, & others. For three years during their spree, they methodically planned their jobs, based on railway networks & schedules, targeting rich homes, hotels, castles & churches — not for personal gain, but with the intent to attack the powerful & rich while creating a form of disruption in their social world.

Jacob & Félix Bour received life in prison, 14 others got sentences ranging from 5 to 20 years, while another seven were freed.

Jacob (1879-1954) is the original "Arsene Lupin" in the French detective novels of Maurice Leblanc, with only slight exaggerations which made him a sensational "fictional" character.

…As I see things, I am not a robber. In creating man, Nature gave him the right to live & man has the duty to exercise that right in full. So if society fails to provide him with the wherewithal to survive, the human being is entitled to seize what he needs from wherever there is plenty.

Alexandre Jacob serves as the model of anarcho-banditry: from a 13-year-old serving on a pirate ship in the Indian Ocean, he went on to become a well-known manufacturer of explosives at the age of 16. By the time he was 20, he was successfully robbing the homes & churches of the ruling class.

After escaping from prison, he decided that his previous crimes had not been enough, & he formed a criminal gang with some of his anarchist comrades. Calling themselves "les Travaillers de la Nuit" (the Night Workers), they formed a vast network of safe-houses, tool cooperatives, fences, so that as many as 100 people joined the gang & its satellites.

Of course, they helped anarchist causes as much as they helped themselves.

http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/JacobMarius/jacobFromRA.jpg

[Details / context]

1908 -- Louis L'Amour (1908-1988) lives. American writer of western fiction. After the 1950s L'Amour published, at the peak of his career, several westerns a year. Best known is Hondo.
http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/lamour.htm


1910 -- Nicholas Monsarrat, novelist (The Cruel Sea), lives, Liverpool, England.



1911 -- Bienvenido N. Santos (1911-1996) lives. "One of the giants of Filipino American literature."

antos also wrote The Volcano. In 1980, the University of Washington Press published Scent of Apples, his first & only book of short stories to appear in the United States. The next year it won the American Book Award from the Before Columbus Foundation.

Scent of Apples, is a masterful account of Filipino refugees living in America during WWII. Examines the racism these Filipinos faced, the class issues that they negotiated, & the attempts to survive in a country away from home.

http://www.dlsu.edu.ph/research/centers/bnscwc/bns.asp

1927 -- México: Passport regulations done away with for those who wish to enter its territory — a declaration since revoked.
[Source: Calendar Riots]


1942 -- Norway: Manifesto against Nazi control of education read in most churches.


1947 -- US: Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader President Truman issues an order calling for strict FBI check-ups into the loyalty of all prospective Federal employees. The order results in the creation of the "Attorney General's List" of subversive organizations.

The order requires more than two million people to swear they never directly or indirectly associated with any of 78 subversive organizations listed by Attorney General Tom Clark. Employees are invited to speak "freely" — with absolute discretion — about any "deviant" acquaintance. Not even those named will learn who snitched (unable to confront their accusers). The first person convicted under the order is Rhodes scholar & publisher Carl Marzani, who was sentenced to three years in prison for perjury.

The last organized resistance to the loyalty oaths will be a 1949 lawsuit by 26 postal workers. Several hundred federal employees are fired under the program, & 438 people will resign rather than sign. Thousands more remain under suspicion for years.

1954 -- US: Admiral Arthur W. Radford, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, announces that "the French are going to win" in Indochina.


1956 -- Carl Perkins injured in a car accident enroute to New York City for an appearance on the Ed Sullivan show. He spent several months in the hospital. Before he recovers, Elvis Presley covers his hit, "Blue Suede Shoes", & Perkins' career never recovered.
http://www.hotshotdigital.com/OldRock/CarlPerkins.Images/carl.ra


1958 -- South Africa: Women demonstrate against pass laws.



1961 -- Ettore Bonometti (1872-1961), Italian anarchist militant, dies in Brescia.

Bonometti first went to prison in March 1892 where, to the delight of many — & the consternation of certain others — he regaled everyone with his anarchist songs & anti-monarchist views.

Obviously he won the adoration of his jailers, as they insisted on encores numerous times, & he again graced Italy's jails in August 1892, November 1893, February 1894, & April 1895 — & many other times over the years.

http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/BonomettiEttore.htm

1963 -- EMI-Parlophone releases the Beatles' first album, "Please Please Me" in the U.K.


1966 -- Sopwith Camel appears at the Matrix in the Marina District in Frisco.

• History of Sopwith Camel

1966 -- Italy: L'(in)giustizia di stato condanna a sei mesi di reclusione per pubblicazione oscena la scrittrice Milena Milani e il responsabile dellla Longanesi Mario Monti rispettivamente autrice ed editore del romanzo "La ragazza di nome Giulio."
[Source: Crimini e Misfatti]

1968 -- France: Students occupy the school at Nanterre & the March 22nd Movement emerges — an organization with no hierarchy & no ideological program. Includes members of various groups & also unorganized students.

150 students, calling themselves anarchists, occupy the administrative building. Courses are suspended until April 1.

Dany Cohn-Bendit soon established himself as a principal spokesman; describing himself as 'a megaphone for the movement & an anarchist by the negation of authoritarian hierarchies as communism & capitalism.'

Cohn-Bendit & the Situationists wanted central coordinated worker/student-councils, who act together but preserve their autonomy. The Sorbonne was transformed from an institutionalized bureaucracy to 'a volcano of revolutionary ideas'. Day & night in every lecture hall were passionate discussions. The spirit of the Paris Commune was back ...

'People who talk about revolution & class struggle without referring explicitly to everyday life, without understanding what is subversive about love & what is positive in the refusal or constraints, such people have a corpse in their mouth.'

       — Raoul Vaneigem, The Revolution of Everyday Life

• http://membres.lycos.fr/mai68/
• Daniel Cohn-Bendit's Biographical Info links dwardmac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives/bright/Bendit/benditbio.html
  
• Cohn-Bendit page, http://www.cohn-bendit.de/
  
• Situationists, see http://www.mital-u.ch/Dada/index.html

  [Sources]

1968 -- US: President's daughter, Lynda Bird Johnson, ordered off cable car for eating ice cream cone in Frisco.
http://www.cablecarclassics.com/gg.html



1968 -- US: March 22-23: A MOBE conference in Lake Villa, Illinois brings together MOBE, Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), & Yippie activists to plan the Convention demonstrations.
http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Delphi/1553/c68chron.html


1968 -- Czechoslovakia: Antonin Novotny resigns the Czech presidency setting off alarm bells in Moscow. The next day leaders of five Warsaw Pact countries meet in Dresden, East Germany to discuss the crisis.
[Source: WholeWorld is Watching]



1969 -- Spain: Miguel Garcia released from prison.

Former Portuguese diplomat, Antonio de Figueredo, despairing of attempts at ameliorating the dictatorship of Dr Salazar, persuades local anti-fascists to unite with Iberian dissidents, including ETA & the anarchist militants such as Garcia.

[Details / context]

1972 -- Furry Freak Brothers?: 13-member National Commission on Marijuana & Drug Abuse recommends legalization of marijuana.
http://hempfest.org/

Collage by SaintMeister James Koehnline

1972 -- US: Congress approves Equal Rights Amendment (ERA, never ratified).

1974 -- US: First & founding CLUW (Coalition of Labor Union Women) Convention – March 22-24, 1974.

We didn't come here to swap recipes...

http://www.cluw.org/

1975 -- US: A technician checking for air leaks with a lighted candle causes a $100 million fire at the Brown's Ferry reactor in Decatur, Alabama. The fire burns out electrical controls, lowering the cooling water to dangerous levels. Musta been a leak.

1976 -- US: Presidential candidate Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader Jimmy Carter tells audience at the National Association of Record Merchandisers' Scholarship Foundation Dinner that Bob Dylan, the Grateful Dead, Led Zeppelin & other bands inspired him while working late nights as Governor of Georgia. To prove he would never lie to them, he quotes lines from the Beatles' "Yesterday" & Dylan's "Blowin' in the Wind."



1977 -- Iran: To alleviate a chronic power shortage (caused by anti-regime strikes & sabotage) the Shah of Iran institutes a 1 hour daylight saving time. Public outrage against this measure becomes a symbol of opposition protests & result in the collapse of the regime soon after. CIA, once again, was apparently in the dark all the while.

[Source: Calendar Riots]



1978 -- Puerto Rico: Karl Wallenda dies while crossing a wire between two hotels in San Juan, he is knocked off balance by a gust of wind & fell to his death ten stories below.


1980 -- US: 30,000 march against conscription, Washington, D.C.


1983 -- US: Midnight Special? 16 arrested in four-day cross-country demonstration against shipments of nuclear warheads by train.



1987 -- US: The 'Mobro 4,000', piled with 3,168 tons of NY garbage, begins a 162-day, 6,000-mile search for a port willing to take its' load. As the boat barges its way into the media spotlight — a surreal symbol of man's inability to clean up his own mess — it's rebuffed by 6 states & three countries before NY City agrees to burn the trash.
http://www.astc.org/exhibitions/rotten/rtintro.htm
http://www.garbage.org/events.htm



1987 -- Uruguay: Eugen Relgis (1895-1987), Rumanian poet, antimilitarist & prolific anarchist author of some distinction, dies, Montevideo. Wrote Cosmometapolis (1950); La letteratura, l'arte e la guerra (1968); Principi umanitaristi: Umanitarismo e socialismo (Principles of Humanism, 1969, published in 18 languages), the biography, Han Ryner (1971), among others.

alt sp;
[Details / context]



1990 -- England: Death of Geoffrey Ostergaard (1926-1990), gentle anarchist/pacifist. Wrote on workers' control, & also similarities of Sarvodaya in India & anarchism.

Geoffrey Ostergaard RESISTING THE NATION STATE the pacifist & anarchist tradition     Senior lecturer in government at Birmingham University for most of his academic career, Ostergaard was an anarchist & a pacifist. A member of the PPU & sometime Chair of Peace News Trustees, he was a notable contributor to anarchist & pacifist scholarship, in particular through The Gentle Anarchists (1971) & Nonviolent Revolution in India (1985). "Resisting the Nation State" questions the assumption that the nation-state is the 'norm of modern political organisation.' The essay looks at two traditions of political thought & action which have challenged over many centuries the concept of absolute sovereignty of institutions over individuals & the supposed right of such institutions to coerce individuals to fight in war. The connection, as well as distinction between pacifism & conscientious objection is discussed, as is also the relationship between anarchism & socialist & liberal thought. Pacifism & anarchism are shown to converge in the latter-day 'nonviolent revolution', whereby a truly human community is rediscovered at all levels from the global to the local. http://www.ppu.org.uk/e_publications/dd-trad1.html

'In [the ideal state] every one is his own ruler. He rules himself in such a manner that he is never a hindrance to his neighbor. In [such a state], therefore, there is no political power because there is no State.' — Gandhi

2001 -- England: Tom Robinson & Lee Griffiths: THE DOGS BOLLOCKS TOUR 2001 UK.
http://www.tomrobinson.com/




2001 -- Tony Gibson dies, ripe young age of 86. British psychologist, BBC producer of programmes on youth groups & social workers, writer & an anarchist.Wrote the science fiction novel, Breaking In The Future (Zenith Books, Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1965).




2003 -- Iraq: An American soldier raises an American flag above the Iraqi flag, a symbolic sign of occupation.

Meanwhile hundreds of thousands continue daily protests against the Bush Cabal & its vendetta against Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader Saddam.

The father of one American soldier killed in Iraq voices his continued opposition to the war & sends a message to Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader Bush, noting that

"Now every Thanksgiving there will be an empty chair at our table."

http://www.markfiore.com/user/1/animation/232
http://dir.salon.com/story/news/feature/2005/05/19/lies/
http://www.bopsecrets.org/rexroth/sf/1965.htm#Cowboy%20Diplomacy

2228 --

Captain James T. Kirk of the Starship Enterprise lives (aka William Shatner [1931-].)

3000 --




3000 --

"We are upping our standards ... so up yours."

      — Pat Paulsen for President, 1988, cited in Mike Harding's collection of stupid quotes, The Armchair Anarchist's Almanac

http://www.ttinet.com/pjf/fortunes.txt

---

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