Several hundred starving Sauk & Fox Indian warriors, together with wives & children, were massacred in Wisconsin by the Illinois militia, despite attempt to surrender.

Illinois militia catch up with retreating Sauk Indians. Forced off their land near Rockford, the Sauk offer a white flag of surrender at the Bad Axe River in Vernon County, Wisconsin. A militia commander records his impressions: (quote) "As we neared them they raised a white flag & endeavored to decoy us, but we were a little too old for them." The militia disregards the surrender attempt, & slaughter nearly the entire group, including women & children. A captured Chief Black Hawk offers a surrender speech (quote):

1832 -- Theosophist leader Henry Steel Olcott lives.


1849 -- US: Reconvened session of the woman's rights convention is held at the Unitarian Church in Rochester, NY. Amelia Bush is chosen chair, & is the first woman to preside over a meeting attended by both men & women.



1855 -- US: Deadbeats? Black River band of Chippewa sign treaty to compensate Chippewa for destruction of their homes by construction of the 500 Locks (Great Lakes). The Chippewa have yet to be paid.


1861 -- US: National income tax, the first of its kind, passed to aid the Union war effort.

Son of Catalan emigrants, he returned to Spain for his education, becoming an anarchist after meeting Anselmo Lorenzo. Director of the Polytechnic Academy of Barcelona. Arrested, later able to go into exile during the terror of the Clerics & military. Hounded, went to England & lodged with Kropotkin & Louise Michel.

Contributed articles to the international anarchist press, the avant-garde literary journal "La Revue Blanche" translator of Tolstoï; author of Anarquía, ateísmo y colectivismo (1885); Anselmo Lorenzo. Estudio crítico-biográfico; Les inquisiteurs d'Espagne (1897); Programa socialista libertario y la constitución del mundo (1908).
http://ytak.club.fr/aout1.html#1
See the Fernando Tarrida del Marmol Archive, http://www.marxists.org/archive/tarrida/index.htm


1865 -- Irving Babbitt lives, Dayton, Ohio. Critic, teacher, leader of the movement in literary criticism known as "New Humanism". George Santayana (supported Franco's fascist takeover of Spain) & T. S. Eliot, are among its followers.
http://www.nhumanities.org/babbitt2.htm


1867 -- US: 60 striking miners wounded by police in Scranton, Pennsylvania.


1869 -- George Eliot begins work on Middlemarch.
http://lang.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~matsuoka/Eliot.html


1870 -- During this month [I don't have exact date & place —ed.] the anarchist Mikhail Bakunin is expelled from the Geneva section of the International due to his support for the Jura faction. Karl Marx, after a long concerted smear campaign against Bakunin, succeeds in having him expelled along with James Guillaume in 1872. To maintain dictatorial control of the International, Marx also moved its General council to NY, away from the membership & effectively destroying the First International.
[Source]

One of the few lawyers in Seattle, Washington, willing to represent members of the Industrial Workers of the World during WWI & after.

He represented the defendants in the Everett & Centralia massacres, as well as workers & labor unions during & after the Seattle General Strike of 1919.

http://www.fvhscc.org/1996history/timberbeasts.htm
http://struggle.ws/revolt/hist_texts/seattle1919.html
http://digital.lib.msu.edu/collections/index.cfm?CollectionID=23
http://content.lib.washington.edu/iwwweb/

1876 -- US: Wild Bill Hickock is shot in the back & killed in a poker game, Deadwood, South Dakota.
http://www.historybuff.com/library/refhickok.html


1878 -- Aino Kallas, Finnish writer, lives, Vyborg, Russia. Wrote also as Aino Krohn & Aino Suonio. Wrote The Wolf's Bride; The White Ship: Eros the Slayer.
http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/akallas.htm



1878 -- Italy: During this month [I don't have exact date — ed.] Malatesta, Stepniak, Ceccarelli, Cafiero, & other anarchists branded as the "Gang of Matese" (la “banda” del Matese), are brought to trial after languishing in prison for the past year. They had been captured by the army while liberating towns in the Benevento province. All were acquited.
[Further details here]

(...) un universitaire, Régis Messac, traitait déjà (lu problème dans L'Université nouvelle avant de publier en 1934 un pamphlet destiné à faire le point sur la question : À bas le latin! Dans cet ouvrage, Régis Messac démontre notamment la faiblesse du fameux argument selon lequel l'étude du latin développe l'esprit de synthèse : " À mesure que la pensée devient plus complexe, écrit-il, elle exige un instrument de plus en plus souple, mais aussi de plus en plus simple, dépouillé de toutes les fioritures ornementales qui nuiraient à un usage intensif, rationalisé et rationnel ".

http://imago.library.mcgill.ca/font/FONT9ABS.HTM#Satirical
http://www.fr.e-loft.com/channels/entertainment/bd-(comics)/novel/article.jhtml?articleID=7944 http://ytak.club.fr/aout1.html#2
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9gis_Messac
http://www.sdm.qc.ca/centre/bibliographies/pol/po51.html

1894 -- The Italian anarchist Jeronimo Santo Caserio (1873-1894) is condemned to die by a Rhône court for stabbing & killing Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader French President Sadi Carnot (on June 24th, to avenge the execution of Auguste Valliant).

The courthouse is encircled by the army &, in a climate of anti-anarchist hysteria & anti-Italian feelings, no lawyer will agree to defend Caserio, who is exectued on August 16, 1894.

L'interrogatorio di Sante Caserio, is from
Anarchist, libertarian & rebel songs page http://www.quid.fr/2000/Q024030.htm
Graphic is from Flavio Costantini
http://ytak.club.fr/aout1.html#2
http://www.anarca-bolo.ch/a-rivista/275/60.htm




1902 -- Lola Iturbe lives (1902-1990; pseudonym, Kyra Kyralina, in tribute to the famous novel of Panait Istrati ). Militant anarcosindicalista, member of Mujeres Libres, secretary of Sindicato del Vestido de Barcelona, editor of the collection, La mujer en la Lucha Social y en la Guerra Civil de España (Editores Mexicanos Unidos, 1974).

"Su vida fue la de un ser entrañable, entregada, sin reservas, al bienestar común enraizado en el respeto a la dignidad y a la libertad del ser humano".

— Antonina Rodrigo Mujer y exilio, 1939 (Compañía literaria, 1999) http://ytak.club.fr/janvier1.html#iturbe
http://www.nodo50.org/despage/Nuestra%20Historia/75Aniversario/Mujeres_Libres/mujereslibres.htm

1903 -- Macedonia: Insurrection breaks out in the area of Bitola, two other areas of Skplié & Salonique. In Thrace, revolutionists also intervene. But the Turkish troops react & crush the revolutionists.


1914 -- Japanese playwright & leader in the attempt to revitalize the post-WWII theater, Junji Kinoshita, lives, in Tokyo. Created a unique genre of "folk plays," Yuzuru (Twilight Crane, 1949) being an outstanding example, & plays Investigating the role of guilt, such as Kaeru Shoten (Ascension of the Frog, 1951) & Shimpan (The Judgement, 1970).


1914 -- Sherlock Holmes' last adventure, "His Last Bow: An Epilogue of Sherlock Holmes" begins today (in Strand Magazine, September, 1917; Collier's September, 1917). http://www.diogenes-club.com/hoybaringgould.htm
http://www.diogenes-club.com/diogeneseclub.htm


1917 -- US: Greencorn Rebellion.


1920 -- Pancho Medrano, Sr., lives.


1921 -- Italy: Patto di pacificazione tra fascisti e socialisti / pact of pacification between socialists & the fascists.
[Source: Crimini e Misfatti]


1922 -- Mécislas Charrier (1895-1922) dies, guillotined in Paris. French anarchist individualist & illégaliste. Raised until the age of five by the anarchist Mécislas Golberg (or Goldberg).

On July 25, 1921, Charrier & two accomplices attempted to rob the First Class travellers on the Paris-Marseilles train, but things went badly & a person was killed. Afterwards in Paris, he was arrested, & his accomplices were killed by the police. Charrier went on trial on April 28, 1922. Mécislas, while not the killer, argues before the court his anarchist illegalism & defies it to take his head. The court did exactly that, sending to the guillotine a simple idealistic robber.

At four o'clock in the morning, he approaches death in song, singing "l'Internationale", "L'hymne au 17e" et "La Carmagnole".

"Je ne puis me défendre de la sympathie que j'éprouve pour vos conceptions ; j'en reconnais toute la valeur, mais que voulez-vous, j'ai trop souffert pour ne pas vouloir me venger, et j'ai été trop écoeuré par les inégalités sociales pour vous suivre dans l'âpre voie du travail (...)"

— "Le Libertaire," May 26, 1922

http://ytak.club.fr/aout1.html#2

1923 -- US: Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader President Harding dies at the Palace Hotel.
http://www.detnews.com/history/edison/edison.htm

Wrote Nobody Knows My Name; Another Country; Blues for Mister Charlie; A Rap on Race, (with Margaret Mead).

Giovanni’s Room, focused on a homosexual relationship, interestingly enough between two white men. A number of publishers turned it down & Baldwin had to revise portions of it to get it published.

The FBI started a file on Baldwin after the novel Another Country in 1962. They further became interested after his 1963 meeting with the Kennedy brothers, where a number of emotional outbursts shaded his political opinions of them. Their file on him grew to 1,750 pages. Compare this to Sinclair Lewis’ 150 pages, Pearl Buck’s 280, & William Faulkner’s 18. They were afraid of Baldwin’s extreme popularity & influence in the 1960’s which was spurred by his connections to Martin Luther King, Jr., Elijah Muhammed & Malcolm X.

“When a negro becomes famous, he’s assumed by the bulk of those he helplessly represents to have become a whore... they’ll also feel that I made some kind of deal to have ‘made it ‘“ (June 16, 1963)

One of numerous black writers, such as Richard Wright, Chester Himes, who fled to Paris to escape American parochial & racial attitudes. He warns early on, in The Fire Next Time, that violence would result if white America does not change its attitudes toward black Americans. His works from the 70s, after the failure of the civil rights movement & assassination of Martin Luther King, Baldwin started bitterly to acknowledge that violence may be the only route to racial justice.

Further reading: The Furious Passage of James Baldwin by F. Eckman (1966); Stealing the Fire: The Art & Protest of James Baldwin by Horace A. Porter (1988); Conversations with James Baldwin, ed. Fred L. Strandley (1989); James Baldwin: An Artist on Fire, by W.J. Weatherby (1990).

http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/database/baldwin_j.html
http://www.uic.edu/depts/quic/history/james_baldwin.html


1931 -- Albert Einstein urges all scientists to refuse military work.
http://www.westegg.com/einstein/


1933 -- Spanish-born novelist who writes in French, Machel del Castillo, lives, Madrid. Famous at 24 with the short novel, Tanguy (Child of Our Time), which, like The Diary of Anne Frank, told with the poignancy of a child's witness to cruel historical events, tells of his actual experiences as a political refugee & prisoner in concentration camps.
http://www.albany.edu/museum/wwwmuseum/holo/index.html
http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Atlantis/2671/

1934 -- First airplane train, plane tows three mail gliders behind it.


1935 -- Alexander Woollcott writes to Mrs. Otis Skinner that he has been "weeping steadily because once again I had come to the great healing last chapter of the brothers Karamazov. It always chokes me up & fills me with a love of mankind which sometimes lasts till noon of the following day."

1935 -- Italy: Dal balcone di piazza Venezia il duce degli italiani annuncia, tra scene di giubilo a Roma e altrove, l'imminente aggressione all'Etiopia. Mussolini è solo il portavoce delle criminali manie di grandezza di un intero popolo che, mai come in questo caso, si stringe intorno al suo duce.
[Source: Crimini e Misfatti]



1936 -- France: French Cabinet decides on a policy of non-intervention towards the war in Spain between the fascist military & the Republicans.

Photo: La miliciana Marina Jinesta en la plaza de Catalunya
[Sources] http://orpheus.ucsd.edu/speccoll/visfront/chron.html
http://orpheus.ucsd.edu/speccoll/visfront/vizindex.html

1937 -- That ol' "satanic" music explains it all...




1938 -- US: First test of a yellow baseball (Dodgers vs Cardinals).


1938 -- England: British anarchist pacifist & militant Tony Smythe lives.


1939 -- Albert Einstein sends a letter to President Roosevelt describing the possibility of constructing an atomic bomb.
http://www.westegg.com/einstein/

1939 -- US: Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader Roosevelt signs into law the Hatch Act, which prohibits political activity by employees of the federal government.
http://xroads.virginia.edu/~1930s2/Time/1939/1939fr.html


1942 -- Author Isabel Allende lives.


1943 -- PT-109 rammed & sunk.

PT-boats could accelerate from 8 to 40 knots in about 11 seconds, begging the question, if you can't get out of the way of a destroyer, why no court-martial for the bonehead who had to be asleep at the helm?

1943 -- Eight hundred inmates revolt at the Treblinka concentration camp, raid the SS arsenal & kill over 20 guards, allowing more than 100 prisoners to escape.
Source: 'Calendar Riots'


1949 -- Chinese poet Bei Dao lives (pseudonym of Zhao Zhengkai). In the 1970s Bei Dao became the voice of his generation with themes of the pressures of a conformist society, disillusionment, & the sense of rootlessness.
http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/beidao.htm


1963 -- Oliver La Farge dies in Albuquerque, New Mexico.


1964 -- Semi-High Seas: US destroyer Maddox reports it has been attacked by North Vietnamese torpedo boats in the Gulf of Tonkin. (See 31, July, 4 August; 7 August.)

Whole lot of alleges & widening gulfs, beginning with these. August 2 & 4, 1964
The Gulf of Tonkin Incident. North Vietnamese torpedo boats attacked the U.S. destroyer Maddox in the Gulf of Tonkin. A second attack allegedly occurs on August 4.

http://servercc.oakton.edu/~wittman/chronol.htm

1965 -- Vietnam: Morley Safer sends first Vietnam report indicating US is losing the war. No one running the war is listening, they see lights flashing at the end of the V.C. tunnels.


1968 -- Bolivia: Student demonstrations in Cochabamba confronted by the army — hundreds arrested, two killed, 10 injured.


1969 -- Bob Dylan shows up unexpectedly to his 10-year high school reunion in Hibbing, Minnesota. He & his wife leave early when a drunk tries to pick a fight with him.
http://www.rockmine.music.co.uk/BobBooks.html

1972 --

"A free society cannot be the substitution of a new order for the old order; it is the extension of spheres of free action until they make up the most of social life."

"I move in a society so devoid of ordinary reality that I am continually stopping to teach good sense, to give support, to help out, as a young gangster might help an old lady across the street on his way to the stick-up."

1972 -- Brian Cole, an original member of the Association, dies of a heroin overdose. He played bass on the hits "Windy", "Cherish" & "Never My Love."


1976 -- Filmmaker Fritz Lang dies.

1980 -- US: American humorist, actor, playwright, Academy Award-winning screenwriter, (Blacklisted during McCarthy / HUAC witchhunt), Donald Stewart, dies at 85, in London, England.

BLACKLISTED WRITERS RECEIVE
CREDIT FOR SCREENPLAYS

WGA Announces Correction of
Screen Credits for 23 Films

The Board of Directors of the Writers Guild of America, west, has unanimously voted to officially correct the writing credits of 23 films written or co- written by writers who were "blacklisted" starting in 1947 & into the 1960s.
http://www.wga.org/pr/1097/blacklist.html

http://www.writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/50s/blacklist.html
See Howard Zinn's Peoples History of the US, http://www.writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/50s/zinn-chap16.html
& Navasky's Naming Names, http://www.writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/50s/navasky-chap10.html

http://www.moderntimes.com/palace/blacklist.htm
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/entertainment/july-dec97/blacklist_10-24.html

1986 -- South Africa: Fire in nuclear power plant kills two workers, Johannesburg.
http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/history.html

1988 -- Raymond Carver poet/short story writer, dies at 50.

______________

"It's strange. You never start out life with the intention of becoming a bankrupt or an alcoholic or a cheat & a thief. Or a liar."

— Raymond Carver

http://recollectionbooks.com/links.html#RaymondCarver

______________

1990 -- Iraq invades Kuwait, following grievance over oil, loans & land, after discussing plans with US Ambassador April Glaspie. The Lies That Made The Gulf War:
http://www.csun.edu/CommunicationStudies/ben/news/gulf.html
Right Road Lost:
http://www.gamburgfilms.com/films/rightroad.shtml
U.S. Bishops' Statement on Iraq:
http://www.christusrex.org/www1/icons/bishops.html Saddam-Glaspie meeting:
http://www.totse.com/en/conspiracy/the_new_world_order/glaspie.html
Operation Desert Storm:
http://www.desert-storm.com/War/chronology.html
Gulf War, 12 Years Later...:
http://www.counterpunch.org/cohen03142003.html


1991 -- In A Funk?: Funk singer Rick James, arrested on sexual torture charges.

The cut-up method brings to writers the collage, which has been used by painters for 50 years. & used by the moving & still camera. In fact all street shots from movie or still cameras are by the unpredictable factors of passersby & juxtaposition cut-ups. & photographers will tell you that often their best shots are accidents . . . writers will tell you the same.

— William S. Burroughs, THE CUT-UP METHOD OF BRION GYSIN, from The Third Mind

---

1999 -- Alberto Gironella, a leading Mexican surrealist painter & promoter of literature & arts, dies, age 70.

3000 --

"It is by losing ourselves in inquiry, creation & craft that we become something. Civilization is a continual gift of spirit: inventions, discoveries, insight, art. We are citizens, as Socrates would have said, & we have it available as our own. "

— Paul Goodman

“I regard the President as my public servant whom I pay, & berate him as a lousy employee. I come on as an old fashioned patriot, neither supine nor more revolutionary than is necessary for my modest goals.” Goodman's goals were forthright rather than modest. He wanted a society in which children have bright eyes, nobody is pushed around, rivers are clean, & in which there is useful work, tasty food, & “occasionally satisfying nookie.”

— Marty Jezer

Quotes from Anarchists

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