1520 -- Noblese Oblige?: Swedish King Christian II ignobly executes 600 nobles.


1721 -- Author Mark Akenside lives.


1731 -- New Old World: American rights activist Benjamin Bannekar lives.


1769 -- England: First cooperative, the Weavers' Society of Fenwick, is formed, Ayrshire.
Source: [Robert Braunwart] [Hereafter attributed with symbol: ]


1771 -- Scotland: Robert Dale Owen, utopian, lives, Glasgow. American social reformer & politician. Son of the English reformer & utopian socialist Robert Owen, he was steeped in his father's socialist philosophy while growing up at New Lanark in Scotland.
On his father Robert Owen, see Kenneth Rexroth's chapter in
Communalism.
http://recollectionbooks.com/siml/library/anarchismEncyBrit.htm
http://www.marxists.org/glossary/people/o/w.htm#owen

1799 -- France: Napoleon Bonaparte, a popular young general, exploits political divisions & participates in a coup. He becomes dictator (First Consul) of France; 18 Brumaire VIII.


1803 -- Haiti: The remnant of the French army surrenders to Haitian rebels.


1813 -- US: Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader General, & future president, Andrew Jackson defeats the Creeks at Talladega (US-Creek War). The Americans destroy the village & kill more than 500 Indians.


1818 -- Novelist Ivan Turgenev (Fathers & Sons) lives Orel, Russia.
http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/turgenev.htm



1832 -- Émile Gaboriau, French novelist who became known as the father of the roman policier ("detective novel"), lives, Saujon. Gaboriau made his reputation with the publication in 1866 of L'Affaire Lerouge (The Widow Lerouge).



1839 -- France: Paule Mink (or Minck; nee Paulina Mekaraska) lives (1839-1901); friend of Louise Michel & Marie Ferré.

Daughter of Polish nobles, Communard, socialist, prominent feminist & the mother of the anarchist Henri Jullien. http://maurice-frankel.org/LaCommune/chap45.htm http://www.humanite.fr/31_07_2011-paule-mink-1839-1901-passionn%C3%A9ment-femme-%E2%80%A8f%C3%A9ministe-et-socialiste-19-477180 Source: [ L'Ephéméride Anarchiste ]

1853 -- Origin of Carrington rotation numbers for rotation of the Sun.

1855 -- US: Coast & Siletz Indian Reservations established in Oregon.


1862 -- US: Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader Union General & future President US Grant bars Jews from entering his military command.


1864 -- Canada: First export of goods from Burrard Inlet, British Columbia to a foreign country.


1872 -- US: One year, one month & one day after the "Great Chicago Fire," a fire in Boston razes more than 600 buildings, causing $75 million worth of damage.


1875 -- US: Indian Bureau reports that Plains Indians outside reservations are "well-fed . . . lofty & independent in their attitudes, & are a threat to the reservation system."

"Maybe we should not have humored them when they asked to live on reservations. Maybe we should have said, No, come join us. Be citizens along with the rest of us."

— (Bad)Acting President Ronnie Reagan during a trip to Moscow, when a student asks about US abuse of Native Americans

1877 -- Muhammad Iqbal lives (d.1938). Poet & Muslim activist. Widely regarded as having inspired the Pakistan Movement. Today (Iqbal Day) is a public holiday in Pakistan.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal



1880 -- France: Réception triomphale à la gare Saint-Lazare à Paris. French teacher & socialist, then an anarchiste, Louise Michel, freed by amnesty after nine years in prison, is met in Gare Saint-Lazare by an enormous crowd cheering her with cries of,

"Vive Louise Michel,
vive la Commune,
A bas les assassins!"

Louise Michel & the Paris Commune:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Commune
http://libcom.org/history/michel-louise-1830-1905
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise_Michel
http://www.infed.org/walking/wa-mich.htm

1886 -- Guy de Maupassant story "La Trou" (The Fishing Hole) is published.


1899 -- Portugal: Acácio Tomás de Aquino lives (1899-1998), Lisbon. Militant anarcho-trade unionist & life-long anarquista. Wrote O Segredo das Prisões Atlânticas, (Lisboa: Regra do Jogo, 1982; The Secret of the Atlantic Prisons), a personal testimony (he was imprisoned 1933-1949 in the Tarrafal concentration camp) which is also very much a history of the Portuguese anarchist movement. Lifelong companion of Luísa do Carmo Franco Elias Adão, a nurse & also a militant anarquista.
Russia: Renewed pogroms of Jews. In the US the Orleneff troupe arranges benefit performances on behalf of Jewish victims. Emma Goldman accompanies Orleneff troupe on tour to Boston.



1914 -- England: Anti-imperialist Africa journalist Basil Davidson lives, Bristol.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basil_Davidson


1918 -- Germany: Berlin workers march on Reichstag during revolution. Philip Scheidermann declares a German Republic.
Its a busy day for Germany; Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates after WW I defeat - republic is proclaimed; German barons establish a short-lived Duchy of the Baltic; Antiwar general strike in Berlin brings the administration to a halt; Battleship "Britannia" becomes last ship sunk by German WW I U-boats.
http://www.colby.edu/personal/r/rmscheck/GermanyD2.html


1921 -- England: Metropolitan Police Commissioner, Sir William Harwood, poisoned by arsenic-filled chocolates. Didna read today's Bleed, or he would no it's "No Cookies" Day.
Source: [Calendar Riots]


1923 -- American poet James Schyler lives.


1925 -- Argentina: Perez Millan (rightwing nationalist who killed the anarchist Kurt Gustav Wilckens in his prison cell), is killed in an asylum in Buenos Aires. Boris Vladimirovitch, a doctor & biologist doing time for an "expropriation," feigned madness so as to be transferred to Millan's asylum. Vladimirovitch was unable to get close enough (Millan was "protected"), so another internee killed him. See Daily Bleed, http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/0125.htm


1925 -- Oscar Micheaux's movie "Body & Soul" is released, marking the film debut of Paul Robeson. (see 16 September 1933).

1928 -- Poet Anne Sexton lives, Newton, Massachusetts.
http://www.inch.com/~ari/as1.html
http://www.levity.com:80/corduroy/sexton.htm

1928 -- France: Paul Gourmelon dies. "Maison du Peuple" de Brest qu'il découvre l'anarchie et rencontre les compagnons Jules Le Gall, René Martin, Jean Tréguer, René Lochu, etc. See René Lochu's Libertaires mes compagnons de Brest et d'ailleurs. (1983; foreword by Léo Ferré).
http://www.ephemanar.net/novembre09.html


1928 -- Uruguay: At 4 am, in Montevideo, 300 stalwarts from the police force & the army encircle the house at 41-J.J. Rousseau street, trapping anarchist illegalists inside. Those sent to prison later escape, thanks to a tunnel built by anarchist comrades.

[Details / context]

1928 -- Spain: Felipe Cortiella lives (1871-1937), Barcelona. Prominent Catalan author, poet, translator & dramatist. An anarquista militant & CNT fighter, the chief focus of his literary & cultural effort was the theatre (he founded the Agrupació Avenir company) which he sought to place in the service of the common people.
http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/CortiellaFelipe.htm


1932 -- Switzerland: Army opens fire on crowd where thousands gather for an antifascist demonstration, killing 13 & wounding a hundred others.

In a Europe where the rise of fascism was creating fresh tensions, workers’ efforts to erect a barrier against the totalitarians were many & repeated. Thus on the evening of 9 November 1932, a fascist kangaroo court had decided to arraign socialist leaders at a public meeting. There were significant counter-demonstrations but there was no threat posed to the armed forces cordoning off the hall. Yet the army opened fire. Thirteen people died & 65 were wounded. Among the demonstrators is André, a member of the ligue d'action du bâtiment (L.A.B.) &, in 1957, one of the founders of CIRA (Centre international de recherche sur l'anarchisme) in Geneva. See his autobiography, Souvenirs d'un rebelle. Not surpisingly Lucien Tronchet is also among those rounded up in the ensuing police swoop. Yet again he is acquitted on the grounds of insufficient evidence, whereas other workers received prison terms. Once again no soldier & no fascist is charged. The real terrorists in society were getting off scot free. http://www.cira.ch/

1933 -- US: 200 assembly-line workers at Nash automobile in Kenosha, Wisconsin, walk out to protest new piece rates. In response, owner Charles Nash locks out all 3,000 workers at his Kenosha & Racine plants.

Workers at both the Racine plant & Milwaukee's Seaman Body are members of new federal labor unions, & they're ready to support the Kenosha workers. When the Kenosha lockout ends, both Nash plants ask for a 20% raise & strict seniority rules. In three months — February 21st, 1934 — Racine plant workers will strike, idling 1,200 workers. Seaman Body & the Kenosha local follow, taking out 1,800 in Milwaukee & 1,600 in Kenosha.

After eight weeks of federal mediation, all workers receive raises of up to 17 percent, & unions at each plant win sole bargaining rights.

1934 -- Scientist & author Carl Sagan enters the Cosmos.


1935 -- US: Congress of Industrial Organization (CIO) forms under John L. Lewis to expand industrial unionism.



1936 -- Spain: Formation of the Madrid Defense Junta. Varela switches attack to Carabanchel sector, & German forces reinforce & form the Condor Legion over the next week or so.

... show details

[Books & Newspapers to the Front]. Oficina de recogida. Delegación de propaganda y prensa, Medinaceli 2. Signed: Espert. Junta Delegada de Defensa de Madrid, Delegación de Propaganda y Prensa. Gráficas Reunidas, U.H.P, Madrid. Lithograph, 4 colors; 105 x 76 cm. >
http://orpheus-1.ucsd.edu/speccoll/posters/29.html
El oso de Madrid, see http://libraries.ucsd.edu/speccoll/visfront/oso.html

Ideological right-wing "libertarian" critique on the anarchists in Spain, see Brian Caplan's The Anarcho-Statists of Spain:

http://econfaculty.gmu.edu/bcaplan/spain.htm
& a response: http://www.spunk.org/texts/places/spain/sp001532.html

Posters from the Spanish Revolution of 1936,
http://libraries.ucsd.edu/speccoll/visfront/vizindex.html

& also at,
http://picturebook.nothingness.org/pbook/1936/display/35

An important critical
anarchist perspective is
Lessons of the Spanish Revolution
by Vernon Richards

See also Murray Bookchin's
To Remember Spain
http://www.spunk.org/library/writers/bookchin/sp001642/toc.html

See too the large collection of materials on the
Spanish Revolution at the Charlatan Stew page,
http://recollectionbooks.com/cs/

1937 -- Author Roger McGough lives.


1937 -- Canada: Quebec police take first action under Duplessis' anti-Communist Padlock Law, locking the doors of Montreal Communist newspaper Clart.


1937 -- Samoa: Anthropologist Margaret Mead arrives to begin her book.


1938 -- Germany: Kristallnacht, "Crystal Night," a night of Nazi terror against Jews, marking the beginning of the Holocaust with the killing of 91 Jews & the deportation of 30,000 to concentration camps. This episode, coming on the heels of the Munich crisis, causes outrage in the Western democracies & also diverts attention from the revolution & civil war in Spain.

"Wherever men or women are persecuted because of their race, religion or political views, that place must, at that moment, become the center of the universe."

— Elie Weisel, Nobel Prize laureate, survivor, author

http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/timeline/knacht-bio.htm
http://www.wiesenthal.com/
http://history1900s.about.com/cs/thirdreich/a/beerhallputsch.htm

1939 -- Got Yours Yet?: Nobel for physics awarded to Ernest O. Lawrence (cyclotron).




1939 -- US: Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader J. Edgar Hoover orders creation of an FBI list of possible political detainees — it ultimately includes Communists, labor leaders, journalists, poets, writers critical of the FBI & some members of Congress.

1939 -- US: Novelist Thomas Mann speaks in NYC; the address is later published as "This Peace."

1943 --

1943 US: Today, after Igal Roodenko's strike had reached the 12th day, he was arrested for refusal to work & held in the Denver County jail on $3,500 bail. He was tried & found guilty in Denver. It was thereafter decided to make of Roodenko & two others a Supreme Court"test case" in which the constitutionality of the Selective Service Act was argued, but the Court turned the case down. On June 6, 1944 a Denver judge found Roodenko guilty & sentenced him to three years in a federal penitentiary.

On September 29, 1943, six war objectors imprisoned at Lewisburg, PA, started a hunger strike against censorship of mail & reading material by prison authorities. In October, Roodenko began his own hunger & work strike in support, stating: "My concern was [with] . . . censorship which occasionally reached preposterous depths of pettiness & stupidity, censorship of mail & reading matter which frequently denied men the opportunity of reading & writing about those very matters which made them sacrifice comforts & respect for the ignominy & disrepute of a prison record. & it should be noted that the opinions of such men were not treasonous, but those objections to warfare recognized by Congress in the Selective Service Act." http://www.swarthmore.edu/library/peace/DG151-175/dg161irood.html

1949 -- US: Mobs of up to 2,000 attack negroes & Jews in Chicago.


1950 -- Luis Bunuel movie "Los olvidados" premiers, Mexico.

1953 -- Welsh poet Dylan Thomas dies, age 39, following a six-day coma brought on by drinking 18 straight whiskeys in a New York tavern. At the funeral parlor, a friend looking down at the body with its rouged face & garish suit, carnation in buttonhole, says: "He would never have been seen dead in it."

DYLAN THOMAS, Daily Bleed Patron Saint 2006-2010
Welsh Poet, drunk, high-liver, lifestyle libertarian.

"I hold a beast, an angel, & a madman in me, & my enquiry is as to their working, & my problem is their subjugation & victory, downthrow & upheaval, & my effort is their self-expression."

Bleedmeister,

One hates to find fault with history as reported but the late Dylan Thomas consumed twenty eight shots, singles at the White Horse Tavern, the staff was adament as to the number & if memory has not failed the drink was Old Bushmills.

A feat attempted by myself, unfortunatley I was plucked from the gutter by my future exwife. I think I was transported to gutter by the kindly staff. I was giving drunks a bad name.

— Cordley Coit, 9 Nov 2003

http://web.archive.org/.../lumiere/fugitive/influences/

1953 -- Abdul-Aziz ibn Sa'ud, founder of Saudi Arabia, dies.


1955 -- US: Two whites recently acquitted of the murder of Emmet Till escape a kidnap indictment as well when they admit abducting the black youth, but solemnly swore they let him go unharmed (see 31 August; 23 September).


1961 -- England: Brian Epstein first sees the Beatles at The Cavern, Liverpool.


1961 -- Interview with Asger Jorn in the Danish journal Aften-Posten on the foundation of the Scandinavian Institute of Comparative Vandalism in Silkeborg. Situationist International anarchist art

Also today in München, Flugblatt, a tract in German by Sturm, Fischer, Zimmer, Kunzelmann & Prem denounces the seizure of all six issues of the journal Spur & the indictment of the Spurists — countersigned by another 31 individuals, mostly situationists. Indictment of Uwe Lausen, a minor at the time, for contempt of court. http://members.chello.nl/j.seegers1/doc_si/doc_spur1961-5.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situationist | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asger_Jorn http://www.cddc.vt.edu/sionline/chronology/chronology.html | [Situationist Resources]

1962 -- US: Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader JFK tells reporter Tad Szulc his advisers are pressuring him to order Castro's assassination.


1963 -- US: Polish Refugees Liberated? End of poll taxes in Texass.


1965 -- US: Roger Allen La Porte, Catholic Worker, immolates himself in front of UN.
http://www.catholicworker.org/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Allen_LaPorte


1965 -- US: New York Blackout; biggest power failure in history occurs as all of NY State, portions of seven neighboring states, & parts of eastern Canada are plunged into darkness, affecting 30 million people (all pretending that they weren't in the dark before).

At 5:16 p.m., a 230-kilovolt-transmission line near Ontario, Canada, trips, causing several other heavily loaded lines to also fail, precipitating a redirection in the normal flow of electric power from its usual northerly direction, toward Toronto, to a southerly direction, toward Canada's interconnections with the US. The resulting surge of power from Canada overwhelms the transmission lines in western New York, causing a "cascading" tripping of additional lines & resulting in the eventual breakup of the entire Northeastern transmission network.

http://members.optushome.com.au/bronwynkelly/tinc/politics.html

1966 -- Rumor & morbid speculation grows, from the "Paul is Dead" hoax of 1969, that Paul McCartney is fatally decapitated today in a car crash & replaced in the Beatles by a lookalike, one William Campbell — or is it Billy Shears?


1966 -- US: Ken Kesey & several Diggers (Emmett Grogan, Peter Berg, Kent Minault, Robert La Morticello, & Brooks Buchet) meet briefly in an elevator in the San Francisco Hall of Justice while going to separate legal appearances.
http://www.diggers.org/chronology.htm



1967 -- First issue of rock oriented magazine Rolling Stone, which includes a free "roach clip," is published in Frisco. Published by Jann Wenner, with John Lennon on the cover.


1968 --

1968 A US Army captain tells Rolling Stone magazine, "Rock & Roll music contributes to both the usage of drugs & the high VD rate among listed men in the army today."

1968 -- Entra en vigor la libre circulación de trabajadores entre los países de la CEE.
http://www.elmundo.es/larevista/num132/textos/crono.html


1968 -- Germany: Premiere of Hans Werner Henze oratorio "The Raft of the Medusa" is canceled in Hamburg because the chorus objects to its dedication to Che Guevara.


1968 -- US: Leo Huberman, cofounder of the socialist magazine Monthly Review, dies.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Huberman


1969 -- USA: 78 Indians land on Alcatraz Island in Frisco Bay to "hold the rock" — occupied for 6 months. Site of an abandoned military base & famous prison.

Bay Area's Indians Of All Tribes organization invades Alcatraz. To draw attention to the government's systemic disregard for all previous Amerindian treaties, they demand recognition of the 1868 Sioux treaty which allowed Amerindians to reclaim land that had been taken for government use & later abandoned.

The occupiers comprise members of the Tlingit, Iroquois, Blackfeet, Chippewa & Navajo nations.

1970 -- US: Nixon White House promulgates an economic-warfare plan against Chile.
http://recollectionbooks.com/cs/index.htm#chile


1970 -- US: Trial of the Seattle 8, Vietnam anti-war protesters, begins.
Seattle Radical Timeline



1970 -- NY: "The People's Flag Show," with a massive contributions by various artists, is held at NYC's Judson Memorial Church. The show was shut down by the Attorney General's office & Faith Ringgold, Jon Hendricks & Jon Toche — dubbed the Judson 3 — were convicted for violating federal flag desecration legislation. They justified their actions by claiming, "If the flag can be used to sanctify killing, it should be available to people to stop killing".

http://www.nycny.com/history_section/judson_flag_show.htm
http://ringgoldinthe1960s.blogspot.com/2010/05/peoples-flag-show-1970.html
http://www.flickr.com/photos/janvanraay/485075287/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m1qE2vJdDw4

1971 -- US: Feeling Listless? John List kills family & moves to Colorado.


1979 -- US: Computer error causes six-minute "nuclear war alert." US Air Defense Command computer reports that Russia is attacking.



1982 -- Zonker Harris receives one vote for the governorship in Illinois.

"Reader, suppose you were an idiot. & suppose you were a member of Congress. But I repeat myself. "

— Mark Twain: Manuscript note, c.1882.

1982 -- Acting President Ronnie Reagan is asked if he'll be visiting the new Vietnam Veterans Memorial.

"I can't tell until somebody tells me," he says,

"I never know where I'm going."

1984 -- Nicaragua: US peace activists sail shrimp boat into Port of Corinto to confront US warships threatening Nicaragua.


1985 -- US: Carpetbagger? Toasting Princess Diana on her first visit to America, Acting President Ronnie Reagan refers to her as "Princess David."

Better yet, observes a BBC correspondent,

"President Reagan greeted the Prince & Princess wearing a plaid jacket that was remarkably similar to the carpet at Balmoral Castle."

1988 -- US: John Cage's reading 'On Anarchism' at the Cooper Union in New York.

"...We have no need for imaginary mountain ranges between separate nations."

What makes Cage's art special, & to my senses politically original, is that his radical politics were expressed in decisions not of content but of form. For instance, one quality of nearly all works of his for large ensembles is that they do not need a conductor. By extension, the work implies that outside of music, as well as in, it is possible to create social mechanisms that likewise can function without conductors, without chiefs. In other words, in the form of his art, in the form of performance, is a representation of an ideal polity.

Richard Kostelanetz
The Anarchist Art of John Cage

http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives/bright/cage/works.html

1989 -- Germany: Berlin Wall comes tumbling down, signaling end of half- century-long Cold War. Wall opens in response to nonviolent action.

... show details

The East German government opens its borders to West Germany, allowing thousands to pass freely. The Berlin Wall, "the anti-fascist protection wall," was erected in 1961 to stem the flood of East German refugees escaping to West Germany via the Western occupation zone in Berlin. Berliners from both sides of the infamous Cold War division greet the opening of the Berlin Wall with jubilation, & thousands celebrate by climbing on top of the wall, painting graffiti on its face, & removing fragments as souvenirs. The next day, East German troops begin dismantling the wall, & less than a year later, Germany is formally reunited.

---

Imagination knows no limits
Freedom knows no walls

---

"We walked through the border. On both sides the guard towers were empty & the barbed wire was shoved aside in great piles. Large signs told us that we needed sets of car documents. The East German guard asked if we had documents. I handed him my Danish cat's vaccination documents, in Danish. He waved us through."

http://home.wanadoo.nl/d.stijgeren/thewall/thewall03.htm
http://www.andreas.com/berlin.html
http://www.appropriatesoftware.com/BerlinWall/welcome.html

---

With the so-called "Fall of the Wall" rent prices in West Berlin skyrocket as more people become homeless, while in East Berlin thousands of living spaces are empty, with no clear idea of who "owns" them.

Over the next year & into the 1990s huge battles take place as the German government attempts to dislodge homeless squatters.

http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/10ref.htm#03/1990
http://www.notbored.org/squatworld.html

1992 -- Italy: Anti-racist protests held in 30 cities.


1992 -- Thailand: Thai military officers are granted amnesty for massacre of civilians.


1992 -- Germany: 180,000 demonstrate against racism on the anniversary of Kristallnacht.


1993 -- Bosnia-Herzegovina: The Old Bridge, symbol of unity since 1567, destroyed by shellfire, Mostar.

2000 -- US: Ballots reviewed in Florida after Bore loses to Gush by margin of 666 votes. Meanwhile, Cuba offers to send poll watchers to Florida, apparently to observe first hand how rigged elections work.



2000 -- US: Malaysia: Opposition leaders in are imprisoned for leading protests.


2000 -- UN General Assembly censures the US for its Cuba embargo, 167-3.


2001 -- US: Berkeley Critical Mass bike ride.


2001 -- US: Masterbatus Interuptus? Star Wars test rocket has to be destroyed seconds after launch when controllers lose contact with it, Kodiak, Alaska. The bears are not amused.

"We have a better-than-zero chance of successfully intercepting, I believe, an inbound warhead."

—Lt. Gen. Henry A. Obering III, director of the United States Missile Defense, July 2005

http://www.improbable.com/2005/07/26/better-than-zero-essay-competition/

2002 -- Italy: 500,000 people protest war on Iraq in Firenze.


2004 -- Sweden: Stieg Larsson, author & journalist, dies. Editor of the magazine Expo, a member of the Communist Workers' League, & editor of the Trotskyist journal Fjärde internationalen. A leading expert on antidemocratic right-wing extremist & Nazi organizations. He died in 2004, shortly after delivering the manuscripts for The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, The Girl Who Played with Fire, & The Girl Who Kicked the Hornet's Nest.
http://www.stieglarsson.com/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stieg_Larsson


2346 -- Outer Space: The Khitomer Massacre — the Romulans slaughter over 4,000 Klingons on an agricultural colony; Worf & Kahlest are the only two survivors.

3500 --

---

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