The Samoyed Club of Washington State


May/June 2003 Web Edition

In This Issue:
President's Message
Progressive Retinal Atrophy

Delta Society

 


 

President's Message

SCWS Championship Awards

The following are the Rules for Championship Awards given by the SCWS to members who have dogs earning their CKC, AKC, SCA or Agility titles during the past year.  Please read carefully if you have a dog that has earned an award and follow directions in the rules.  The awards are given at the SCWS Annual Meeting and Banquet after the State Specialty show in August. 

1. The dog must be owned or co-owned by a member of the Samoyed Club of Washington State at the time of confirmation of championship or title.

2. Awards are given to dogs whose confirmation of championship or title is received between July 1, 2002 through June 30, 2003. Awards will be based on the date of the confirmation, not on the date of the show where the dog finished.

3. The owner of the dog must send notification by August 1, 2003.  This notification consists of the following information:

  • a. Full name of the dog and title(s) earned during the past year.

  • b. Call name of the dog

  • c. Name of the kennel club or organization where the dog finished

  • d. Date of confirmation (send copy of certificate)

  • e. Owner(s) of the dog

4. The awards are to be presented by the President at the SCWS Annual Meeting and Banquet on August 15, 2003.

Darlene


Progressive Retinal Atrophy

PROGRESSIVE RETINAL DEGENERATION / PROGRESSIVE RETINAL ATROPHY

Progressive retinal degeneration (PRD) is also known as progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) and refers to retinal diseases that cause blindness. Some breeds have blindness by abnormal development of the retina and this is called dysplasia. Other breeds have a slowly progressive degeneration or death of the retinal tissue and this is degeneration. These two types of diseases affect many breeds. In general these diseases are thought to be inherited but inherited differently in each breed.

In all animals with PRD the outcome, age of the patient and what the veterinary ophthalmologist sees are the basis for the classification of exactly what type of condition the patient has. Different breeds of dogs have variations in the age the problem starts and speed with which the blindness develops. The condition of PRD has been seen in almost every registered breed and in mixed breed dogs as well. This same condition occurs in humans and is known as retinitis pigmentosa.

As the name PRD implies, a slow death of retinal tissue occurs. It is a slowly progressive disease and the earliest signs may be overlooked. As stated above, these diseases are known to be passed from parents to offspring even though the parents may have normal eyes. Therefore, identification of breeding animals with PRD is essential to prevent spread of this condition.

To better understand PRD, a basic understanding of the function of the retina is needed. The retina is a highly complicated tissue located in the back of the eye. Light strikes the retina and starts a series of chemical reactions that causes a nerve impulse. The impulse passes through the layers of the retina to the optic nerve and from there to the brain where vision takes place. In the retina, cells called rods are involved with black and white or night vision and cells called cones are involved with color or day vision. Progressive retinal degeneration may effect either the rods alone, the cones alone or both the rods and cones together.

Progressive retinal degeneration is not a painful condition so your pet will not have a reddened eye or have increased blinking or squinting. For this reason most clients will not notice the early stages of the condition. Some clients will notice an abnormal shine coming from their pet's eyes. This abnormal shine is because the pupils are dilated and don't respond as quickly to light as pupils of normal dogs. The earliest signs of PRD include night vision difficulties that in most cases will progress to day blindness. Clients will often remember that their pets seemed disoriented when going out to the yard at night and they had to leave a light on for them. Night blindness may be manifested by a pet that is afraid to go into a dark room. Occasionally these pets will get lost in their own home after the lights have been turned off.

The veterinary ophthalmologist examines the retina with an instrument called an indirect ophthalmoscope. Changes in the retinal blood vessel pattern, the optic nerve head, and the reflective substance within the dog's eye called the tapetum can be seen which are classic for PRD. However in some breeds PRD characteristics have little or no early changes. The eyes of these dogs may appear normal until they are in the later stages of the disease. Progressive retinal degeneration will progress at different rates in different breeds. This variation causes difficulty in determining just how long any particular dog will continue seeing.

There is no possible treatment for PRD although a number of vitamin therapies have been suggested by various people. One such vitamin "Ocuvite" manufactured by Stortz has been recommended for people with retinitis pigmentosa and some patients claim that their vision is improved somewhat. At this time, none of the vitamin treatments have been proven to be effective scientifically, so use of Ocuvite must be deemed a naturopathic remedy rather than a medical treatment. Use of any other megavitamin treatment is discouraged.

Cataracts may occur in some patients with PRD and generally occur later in the disease. Formation of cataracts may interfere with the ophthalmologist's direct examination of the retina and make other tests such as an electroretinogram (ERG) essential for diagnosis.

Diagnosis is made and confirmed by the ERG. This test involves sophisticated instrumentation used to measure the response of the retina to flashes of light. Your pet would be anesthetized for this test. The pet is then placed into a darkened area, a special contact lens with a gold ribbon is placed on the cornea and two tiny needles are placed under the skin around the eye. A light flash that has been dimmed with filters stimulates the retina and this procedure is repeated intermittently for 20 minutes. Finally, a bright red, blue and white flash are used for final analysis. A healthy retina will produce a characteristic wave form that builds from the time the lights are turned out. The ERG is sensitive enough to diagnose dogs with PRD before they begin to demonstrate signs of the disease.

In summary, PRD refers to a broad group of inherited retinal disease which result in the blindness of dogs. Because of the nature of the disease and sometimes the late onset, repeated examinations may be required to detect individuals with the condition. Patients affected should not be used for breeding. Pedigree studies are used to help eliminate other carriers of this condition such as the pet's brothers, sisters, mother, father and any offspring. How to adjust to having a pet that is blind is important and is discussed on the web page entitled How to Deal with a Blind Pet.

For more information on PRA in dogs, Dr. Gregory Acland has produced some excellent reference material located at The Dog Genome Project Homepage.

Written by Dr. Dennis Hacker, Edited by Dr. Michael Zigler

Copyright ©2001, Eyevet Consulting Services.


"How's it going Mr. Peterson?" - Woody "It's a dog eat dog world, Woody, and I'm wearing milk bone underwear." - Norm from Cheers

"Recipe: a series of step-by-step instructions for preparing ingredients you forgot to buy, in utensils you don't own, to make a dish the dog won't eat." - Unknown

"He's got his dog trained so that it only does it on newspapers. The trouble is it does it when he's reading the blasted things." - Honore de Balzac

"The dog is the god of frolic." - Henry Ward Beecher


by Michelle Edmondson

Zephyr was a 6 year old male Sam with a past full of blind alleys. First he was to be a show dog, but refused to raise the 2nd ear. Next he was neutered due to an optic nerve coloboma. While excelling at doing very precisely anything asked of him, he had to bow out of agility after completing all the pre-trial classes due to a torn ligament in his right pastern. This made the jumping potentially injurious for him. He passed the Canine Good Citizen test with flying colors (the second time, after the Old English in heat was removed from the area!). But what to do with that? He passed his Herding Instinct Testing but didn’t live anywhere near any sheep. Another show dog came into the home, was finished, had a litter and they finished too….Meanwhile, Zephyr sang woo-woo’s, delighted to do tricks for folks when asked, and wondered what was his special purpose. He withdrew and waited, sometimes a bit grumpily, for his turn to shine.

Willow was a cute-ti-ful 3 year old Sammie girl who didn’t quite make it as breeding stock. Possessed of a playful spirit, she proved to be a good auntie to her house-mates’ pups. She learned quickly and just as quickly became bored with obedience (except for the food). Always interested in people and other critters, she perfected her cuddling skills, practiced kisses on the home crew, and distinguished herself in agility for creative acts like combining the jump and tunnel commands into a jump-on-tunnel exercise which was quickly taken up by all the other dogs in the class. Nonetheless, it just wasn’t people oriented enough for her, so she wondered when she would find her niche and waited, sighing dramatically.

With a growing number of Sams in the household, mom was always working hard to figure out how to do a special one-on-one activity with Zeph and Willow. One day she read the Woo-Woo Review and discovered the Delta Society Pet Partners Program. By either a video plus correspondence course, or by attending a short series of weekly classes over a couple of months, she learned that a short stint of effort could qualify both of them as a team of Certified Pet Partners. Could this be the solution?

A Delta Society Pet Partner must pass an evaluation based upon the Canine Good Citizen test, but modified for work in institutional settings. (“I could be very good at that”, said Zeph.) The ‘work’ is mostly visiting with people who are staying in some sort of institution, temporarily or permanently. They could be in a nursing home or a hospital for rehab or treatment, in a long term care setting due to age or loss of spouse, in a prison, or simply at a school assembly.(“Think of all the people who could pet me there!”, said Willow.)

Mom contacted the Delta Society via their website (www.deltasociety.org), but you can call at 425-226-7357, and locate a training/evaluation series nearby. A call or an email, a check in the mail, a few brush-up obedience classes, and Viola! We were groomed, outfitted in smart therapy-dog-in-training vests, and helping mom learn what to do and not to do in visiting folks with us.(Do bring lots of treats for them to give us, don’t let us too close to their stuffy collections! And don’t forget to wear your badge and sign in and out.)

Mom chose a course to gain experience prior to taking on an independent visitation schedule at an institution. The classes were in a Health Care Center once a week, and we went visiting together one other day a week for half an hour or an hour, followed by writing up notes on the visits and who was visited and how we did. It was worth it, as everyone who took the course passed their evaluations, while many who just studied at home and showed up to take the test found it too strange and didn’t pass the first time.

The skills of dog and handler are tested as a team in a series of exercise lasting collectively no longer than half an hour. An evaluator is assisted by role playing ‘patients’ and a neutral dog, who may try to distract, overwhelm or startle the dog while they are being tested. A dog who is steady and a handler who can anticipate their dog’s reactions and manage them through it all will pass.

The classes cover health issues and manners, accident procedures, handling skills, situations that may arise, and how to contact, evaluate, set up and maintain your own visiting program. The test also determines aptitude, which helps for choosing the latter.

How did we do? Willow proved to be better at quick visits in large groups, tender kisses and patience during long conversations with lonely or reminiscing residents. She had as a special visit pal a lady with Alzheimer’s who never remembered her from week to week, but was always delighted to meet her and warmed to telling her about her own past pets. Willow passed just one point short of a complex rating, so she can take mom into Predictable settings, such as adult wards, care homes and public demonstration booths. Zephyr passed with the higher rating of Complex. He had excelled at doing tricks for folks visiting in the home, making residents laugh, encouraging a depressed lady to get dressed and out of bed and walking her to her hair appointment with her walker, and in helping folks to be as good a trooper as he is taking his heart meds. He proved to be steady no matter what crowds, clumsy petting, arguing folks, noises or distractions came his way. He is qualified to visit in Complex settings such as mental hospitals, children’s wards or schools, and prisons.

After passing the test, Willow and Zeph had to surrender their training vests, and mom had to send off a photo for a badge for each team, a set of completed forms, a small fee, a health check from the vet, and an order for a Real Vest! In the fall, once our badges (good for two years) and vests arrive, we will be insured for up to a million dollars liability in any institution mom arranges for us to visit.

Hey, its fun training, its great to be the star of a different kind of show, we’re making a real contribution to the well-being of others as true working dogs, we can work toward a Therapy Dog Certificate if we want, and we are great ambassadors for the Great Samoyed Breed!

Sign us - No longer waiting for our special purpose - Willow and Zephyr at Luminous


Past Newsletters

April, 2003
March, 2003
February, 2003
January, 2003
November/December, 2002
October, 2002
September, 2002
August, 2002
July, 2002
June, 2002
May, 2002
April, 2002
February, 2002
January, 2002
December, 2001
November, 2001
October, 2001
September, 2001
July-August, 2001
June, 2001
May, 2001
April, 2001
March, 2001
February, 2001
January, 2001
December, 2000

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