kind of a broad subject, too broad really, so I will narrow it down (at least for these pages) to freedom, hardly any less broad, but a little more focused perhaps.
First, some basics,
These united states are a loose federation of independant states, with a constitutional republic form of federal government. The Supreme law of that government, the document that gives it what power it has is the Constitution if it isn't listed in there, the federal government has no authority to do it. Not that they bother paying attention to the rules but still. We at least should remember.
Also important is the Declaration of Independance Being the document which explains why we have a government in the first place.
But please don't stop your reading there, Starting before there was a united states, there have been americans (and others) writing about freedom, it's costs, and the things that threaten it. Thomas Paine wrote Common sense which fanned the fires of incipient rebellion. Adam Smith wrote the Wealth of Nations, describing why freedom is the best economic system of all. After the revolutionary war, there were more writers extolling the virtues and necceseities of freedom. Among them founding fathers like Thomas Jefferson and Samual Adams. But there is a common thread through all the writings about freedom, that is that no-one can give it to you. Only you can make yourself free. Not all the chains that bind a slave are of iron.
Unfortuately, in today's world, the two primary parties in these united states, are the Republican and Democrat, neither of which has a very good record on freedom lately. In fact, of the parties out there, only one has a consistant stance on freedom, the Libertarian party. I won't go into the positions they hold here, better if you visit their web page and see for yourself. If the only information on the Libertarian party you have is from your school, or politicians from other parties, then you are allmost certainly being lied to. So check it out yourself.