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id=\"rr_wrapper882\" class=\"rr_wrapper\" postid=\"882\"><\/div>\r\n\t<div id=\"rr_content882\"> <blockquote><p>In light to moderate conditions (when power to carry sail is not an issue), a center boarder or lee boarder has the advantage of more efficient and lower-drag lateral plane. All else being similar, it will point and foot better than a deep keel-ballasted boat&#8221;<br \/>\nPhil Bolger and Susanne Altenburger<br \/>\nWooden Boats<br \/>\nNovember\/December 2000 issue<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>I keep the WoodenBoat article with me. It explains why Catalina 30 skippers<br \/>\nback wind the jib while coming about where that trick is helpful only when racing Murrelet. MacGregor Yachts claims that the Mac26x points better than any previously built sail boat that can be trailered. But Mac26 Classic owners debate this. I have finally decided that &#8220;pointing into the wind&#8221; and &#8220;racing into the wind&#8221; are two different things. &#8220;When racing, if the course is all to windward and the wind is strong and the boats are big enough to make live ballast a minor issue, an efficient deep-ballasted boat will win. The shoal-draft boat will hold her own reaching, and will outrun the deep boat off the wind by hauling up the board(s) to reduce wetted surface&#8221; according to Bolger and Altenburger.<\/p>\n<p>My need to separate &#8220;pointing into the wind&#8221; from &#8220;racing into the wind&#8221; stems from a desire to explain how a slow boat can some times out point a fast one. Diagrams from the chapter on maneuvering in Cruising Under Sail are used to conclude that the sheets of a yacht designed to be fast need to be hardened in more than those of a slow yacht on the same course. But I draw a different conclusion from the diagrams.<\/p>\n<p>For me they show that any yacht requires sufficient headway in order to point well into the wind. The faster the boat goes the better pointing possible. Hence, the vessel that can make headway will out point one unable to match.<\/p>\n<p>My conclusion explains why the light displacement vessel with little wetted surface, such a Mac26x, will outpoint a heavy displacement deep keel vessel when conditions are normal. It just takes less wind to reach the same MPH. Hiscock&#8217;s statement that: &#8220;The usual fault the beginner makes when sailing close-hauled is to sheet his sails in too flat and then to point up to close to the wind, so that although his yacht may head in the desired direction she does not move fast enough through the water.&#8221; is fully explained by my conclusion. A full sail is more powerful. The power makes the vessel go faster and the speed allows a closer pinch to the wind (better pointing). You make the sails fuller by easing the sheets. The most power comes from the larger sail which is the Genoa on the Mac26x.<\/p>\n<p>Hiscock was well aware that pointing into the wind requires knowledge specific to the craft and practice. I am practicing more rounded tacks where immediately after coming about I set course just outside of the no sail zone (a close reach). Only after gaining speed do I attempt to sail on the wind (close hauled). I have found that as long as Murrelet picks up speed (as measured by my GPS) I can pinch the wind even more.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.eskimo.com\/~mighetto\/murrelet\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/20140412-162338.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.eskimo.com\/~mighetto\/murrelet\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/20140412-162338.jpg\" alt=\"20140412-162338.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"color: #008000; font-family: Arial; font-size: large;\">HOW TO SAIL:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 BY ROGER MACGREGOR<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><b><\/b><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">THE MOST IMPORTANT THING YOU MUST KNOW IS THE DIRECTION FROM WHICH THE WIND IS BLOWING.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Program someone to ask you, every 2 minutes &#8220;where is the wind coming from?&#8221; You must point to it instantly, and be right. Put a Windex wind vane at the top of the mast, and keep your eye on it. If you don\u2019t know wind direction, you will look sort of stupid when trying to use the wind as your engine. There are clues everywhere; flags, smoke, dust, moving clouds, ripples on the water, other sailboats, and blowing debris. Above all, you can feel the wind direction on your face. Turn toward the wind. When you are aimed straight at it, you will feel it evenly on both ears, cheeks, hair, etc.\u00a0 Be aware.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><b><span style=\"color: #008000; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">SAILING DOWNWIND<\/span><\/b><\/span><b><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sailing with the wind is easy. Just aim the boat and the wind will blow you along. A boat sailing downwind looks like this.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.macgregor26.com\/how_to_sail\/sailing_downwind.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"326\" height=\"370\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.macgregor26.com\/how_to_sail\/sailing_downwind_jib_out_drawing.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"409\" height=\"364\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sailing downwind<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"center\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>This is no more complex than letting a balloon blow with the wind. (Except that you can steer.)\u00a0 You can sail downwind, slowly,\u00a0 without sails.\u00a0 (This is good for docking.)<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>Just get the sails out there at right angles to the wind. You control the angle of the sails to the wind with the sheets (the lines that connect to the rear of the jib and to the rear of the boom). The wind pushes on the sails, and the boat moves. Notice the turbulence behind the sails, just like the turbulence behind a truck as it speeds along. If the wind gets on the wrong side of the mainsail, it can slam over fast and hard, just like the wind will slam a door if it gets on the wrong side. This is called jibing. Be careful. More on this later.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><b><span style=\"color: #008000; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">SAILING ACROSS THE WIND.<\/span><\/b><\/span><b><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 This is a whole different act. Notice, in the next set of drawings and photos, that the wind is now flowing smoothly across the sails, much like the wind moves across the wing of an airliner.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.macgregor26.com\/how_to_sail\/reaching.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"326\" height=\"381\" border=\"0\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.macgregor26.com\/how_to_sail\/sailing_across_the_wind_drawing.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"511\" height=\"375\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #008000; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Sailing across the wind<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>Basically, the sails are diverting wind from its original direction toward the rear of the boat. Every pound of wind that is deflected toward the rear of the boat gives a forward push to the boat. Actually, the wind gives a push both forward\u00a0<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">and<\/span>\u00a0sideways (making the boat lean). However, the rudder and the centerboard keep the boat from sliding sideways, so it squirts forward, much like a watermelon seed shoots out forward when you squeeze it between your fingers.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><b><span style=\"color: #008000; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">SAILING INTO THE WIND.<\/span><\/b><\/span><b><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 This is just like sailing across the wind, except that the sails are pulled in closer to the centerline of the boat, and you are now trying to sail as close into the wind as you can. This is tougher to do, and the boat won\u2019t go as fast as when sailing across the wind. The following drawing shows the boat sailing toward the wind. This is as close into wind as you are going to get.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.macgregor26.com\/how_to_sail\/beating.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"284\" height=\"271\" border=\"0\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"left\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.macgregor26.com\/how_to_sail\/sailing_into_the_wind_drawing.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"381\" height=\"308\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #008000; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sailing into the wind<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"left\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>Notice the smooth wind flow across the sails, and the lack of turbulence. Wind is being properly diverted toward the rear of the boat, and like the blast of air coming out of the rear of a jet, pushing the boat forward and sideways. More of the force is now sideways, so the boat will tend to lean more, but it will still squirt forward, since the centerboard is keeping it from going sideways.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">You can&#8217;t sail straight into the wind<\/span>.\u00a0\u00a0 The sails will flap like flags, divert no wind, and you will just sit there, frustrated, dead in the water.\u00a0\u00a0 This is being &#8220;in irons&#8221;.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.macgregor26.com\/how_to_sail\/sailing_straight_into_the_wind_drawing%20.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"751\" height=\"327\" border=\"0\" \/><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #008000; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0 Trying to sail , unsuccessfully, straight into the wind.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>So how do you get to point A in the above drawing if you can\u2019t sail directly toward it. You zig zag, (tack) like this.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.macgregor26.com\/how_to_sail\/tacking_drawing.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"748\" height=\"161\" border=\"0\" \/><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008000; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<b>\u00a0Zig zagging (tacking) into the wind<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b><span style=\"color: #008000;\">THE FIRST DAY OUT.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0 Launch the boat on a nice day with a light breeze. There should be just enough wind to move the boat around. (You have to be moving if you expect the rudder to work.) Fill the ballast tank. Make sure the rudders and centerboard are all the way down. Start the engine. Power slowly out to the middle of a calm body of water, where there is nothing to bump into, point into the wind, and put up the mainsail. Keep the engine running slowly, moving the boat about 2 mph. With the engine running and moving the boat forward, try to duplicate what you see in the above diagrams. Sail with the wind, across the wind and as close into the wind as you can go. Blunder around like this for a while, trying to match the angle of the boom to the wind as you see in the diagrams. After a half hour or so of this, you will get a good feel of what works and what doesn\u2019t. If you screw up, or the sails shove the boat in a direction that you don\u2019t wish to go, overpower the sails with the engine. Use reverse if you have to stop. In a tug of war between the engine and the sails in moderate winds, the engine will win.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>Then raise the jib. Remember that the jib control line is pulled in on the side of the boat away from the wind. The line going to the other side is left loose. As you zig zag into the wind (tacking), you will have to release the jib line (sheet) from one side and pull it in on the other. The mainsail control line (mainsheet) takes care of itself. You don\u2019t have to reset it each time you turn through the direction from which the wind is blowing.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><b><span style=\"color: #008000; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">STOPPING THE BOAT<\/span><\/b><\/span><b><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0 If you are sailing, with the engine off, you can always stop the boat by turning into the wind and letting go of the jib control line and the mainsail control line. When you do this, the wind pressure is off of the sails, the boat will coast a few more boat lengths and come to rest. This also is good for docking when the dock is upwind. A motor is better.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">HOW DO YOU KNOW IF THE SAILS ARE SET AT THE PROPER ANGLE TO THE WIND<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\">.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 There are some simple tricks that are used by the experts. When sailing in the same direction as the wind (called &#8220;running&#8221;), just let the sails out until they are at right angles to the wind. You are trying to catch as much wind as possible. Unfortunately, the mainsail blocks the wind from hitting the jib, so the jib will just hang, unless you can hold it out on the opposite side of the mainsail, as shown below. This adds sail area, but it only works when the wind is coming from directly behind the boat.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.macgregor26.com\/how_to_sail\/sailing_downwind_jib_blanketed.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"540\" height=\"334\" border=\"0\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #008000; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">\u00a0\u00a0<b>\u00a0Sailing downwind with the jib buried behind the mainsail<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"left\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.macgregor26.com\/how_to_sail\/sailing_downwind_jib_out_drawing.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"409\" height=\"364\" border=\"0\" \/><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"color: #008000; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sailing downwind with jib out<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>When sailing at right angles to the wind (called &#8220;reaching&#8221;), pull in the mainsail control line (mainsheet) and the jib control line (jibsheet) until the wind completely fills the sails.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>If the sails are not pulled in far enough, the fabric near the leading edge will flutter and ripple. This is the result of the wind hitting the sail on the wrong side and forcing the fabric toward the upwind side. This fluttering (often called &#8220;luffing&#8221;) is shown in the following drawing.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.macgregor26.com\/how_to_sail\/sails_partially_luffing_drawing.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"482\" height=\"291\" border=\"0\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #008000; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">\u00a0\u00a0<b>\u00a0Sails not pulled in enough\u00a0 (Luffing)<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>Keep pulling the mainsheet in until the fluttering just disappears, and the sail forms a smooth curve from the mast to the rear edge. Unfortunately, the sail will not tell you if it is pulled in too far; it will still look smooth and full, but will not move the boat well. Let the mainsheet out until the fluttering and bubble reappear along the mast. Then pull the sail in until the fluttering and bubble just disappear. This is now the perfect sail setting. Because the wind is always changing, you have to keep making this test for top performance.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>There is another neat trick to let you know when the mainsail is pulled in too far. Secure a 7&#8243; long piece of yarn near the rear end of every batten pocket. Use a large needle to push the yarn through the sail.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.macgregor26.com\/how_to_sail\/mainsail_streamer.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"496\" height=\"270\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><b>Mainsail streamer<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.macgregor26.com\/how_to_sail\/streamers_bad.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"204\" height=\"376\" border=\"0\" \/><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span style=\"color: #008000; font-size: medium;\">Streamers curling.\u00a0 Not good\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"left\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #008000; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.macgregor26.com\/how_to_sail\/streamers_good.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"211\" height=\"392\" border=\"0\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">\u00a0\u00a0<b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span style=\"color: #008000; font-size: medium;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span style=\"color: #008000; font-size: medium;\">Streamers straight.\u00a0 Good<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>If they curl, gently let out the mainsail until they stream out straight and not try to hide behind the sail. The yarns tell when the sail is in too tight (which really slows up the boat and causes it to lean over more), but they do nothing to tell you when the sail is let out too far.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>Even if you point the boat straight into the wind and the sail is doing an impersonation of a flapping flag, the yarns will stream nicely to the rear. You have to watch for the fluttering and ballooning to appear at the front edge of the mainsail. Pull it in until the fluttering disappears. So, the fluttering tells you if it is out too far, and the yarns tell you if it is in too far.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>Trimming the jib is just about the same as trimming the mainsail. The jib, however, comes with built in streamers (called &#8220;tell tales&#8221;) to make it easy. The streamers are about 12&#8243; in from the front edge of the sail. There are 2 sets, evenly spaced up the sail.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>When the sail is pulled in just right, all of the streamers, on both the upwind and downwind sides of the sail, will be flowing straight to the rear.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>When the streamers on the downwind side are going around in circles and not flowing to the rear, the jib is pulled in too tight. The wind cannot make the sharp turn around the front edge of the sail, and the streamers are caught up in the resulting turbulence. Let out the sail.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>If the streamers on the windward side of the sail are dancing around and not flowing to the rear, the sail is not pulled in tight enough. Always trim the jib first, then the mainsail, since the flow off the jib affects the mainsail trim.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>You always have two ways to get the angle of the sails to the wind just exactly right. You can pull the ropes to change the sail angle, or you can keep ropes as they are and steer in a new direction. The latter is easier on the arms, but you may not get where you want to go, but you will be going a lot faster.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>When you are sailing as close as possible into the wind, secure the sails and adjust the angle of the sails to the wind by steering the boat into or away from the wind.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>When sailing across the wind or into the wind, try to sail a constant leaning (heeling) angle. If it leans to much, sail into the direction from which the wind is blowing (called &#8220;heading up&#8221;), relieving some pressure on the sails. If the boat starts to stand up straighter, steer away from the wind direction (called &#8220;heading down&#8221;). The wind will hit the sails at more of an angle and cause the boat to lean more, and you will get more power. This helps to keep the sails at the proper angle to the wind. A leaning (heeling) angle should look about like this when going into the wind in an 8 mph wind.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.macgregor26.com\/how_to_sail\/healing_angle_drawing.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"277\" height=\"307\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #008000; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Proper leaning angle in 8 mph wind<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">APPARENT WIND<\/span><\/b><\/span><b><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0 This is tricky, but important. The wind that the boat feels is actually two winds. The first is the wind that moves across the water, that creates the waves and makes flags stream downwind. (This is called the true wind). The second wind is the wind produced by the speed of the boat. If there is\u00a0<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">no<\/span>\u00a0true wind, and your outboard pushes the boat at 5 mph, you and the boat will feel a 5 mph wind coming right at the front of the boat. (This is called the apparent wind).<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>If there is a 10 mph true wind, and the boat is going straight into it at 5 mph, you and the boat will feel a 15 mph apparent wind from straight ahead.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>If there is a 10 mph true wind, and the boat is going with the wind (downwind) 5 mph through the water, you and the boat will feel a 5 mph wind at your back.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>If there is a 10 mph true wind, and you are powering at right angles to the wind at 5 mph, the situation is more complicated. The wind the boat feels will be a combination of the two winds; the true wind from the side and the wind created by the motor from straight ahead. The apparent wind will appear to come from about 60 degrees from the side of the boat. It takes trigonometry to calculate the exact apparent wind speed and direction. Looking at the wind vane is easier.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>The sailboat has only a small brain, and only feels the apparent wind, and this is what it must sail in. The apparent wind will determine how the sails are to be trimmed, and how the masthead wind indicator will point. It is the wind you must use to sail. But the complexity gets worse. As the speed of the boat changes, and as the true wind speed gusts and eases, the apparent wind strength and direction will change, and you have to keep trimming the sails or altering course as the changes occur. You don\u2019t have to, of course, you can just get it close enough to enjoy the ride. But if you want to sail like a superstar, you will have to keep tweaking and adjusting for perfect trim all the time. This wins races. (You can learn to sail quite well in a matter of hours. But it will take a lifetime to master all of the subtle little intricacies.)<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>Another complexity. As you pick up speed, the wind from the front of the boat increases, and the apparent wind will come more from the front of the boat. Actually, the apparent wind will now be stronger than the true wind, so you have more usable wind to sail in. With each new change in wind speed or boat speed, you will need a new sail trim.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>When you watch the tell tales on the jib and the streamers at the rear of the mainsail, you will notice that the top ones don\u2019t always flow in the same manner as the lower ones. This means that the sail is not at the same angle to the wind at various heights. Wind blows harder as you go higher, and there will be a different apparent wind (and wind angle) up there. (This is because the friction of the earth and water slows wind down at low levels.) You may see the upper mainsail streamers trying to hide behind the mainsail, and the lower ones flowing nicely to the rear. This means that the top of the sail is in too tight. The boom vang controls this. Loosen the vang, and watch the upper part of the sail sag outward away from the wind. Tighten the vang, and it pulls down on the boom and pulls in on the upper part of the sail. When the vang is set right, all the streamers will behave the same. Fortunately, sailcloth is a bit stretchy, and the top will usually sag off just about enough to match the angle change caused by stronger winds higher up.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>The jib has no boom, therefore there is no vang. But you can use the position of the jib sheet pulley on the deck track to control twist. If you move the sliding pulley forward on the track, the top part of the sail will be pulled in tighter. Move it to the rear, and the top part sags off downwind. Move the jib pulley on the track so that all of the telltales flow the same. If the top one on the upwind side flutters before the bottom one, move the pulley forward. If the bottom one is the first to flutter, move the pulley to the rear.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>When sailing upwind you can also tell how you are doing by watching the forward edge of the jib. As you point the boat up into the wind, the leading edges of the jib will start to flutter and collapse inward. Turn away from the wind until the fluttering at the front part of the sail stops and the sail appears full. Try to steer the boat so that the front of the jib is just on the edge of starting to flutter and collapse. You will notice that the tell tales start flopping around just as the sail starts to flutter in front of the tell tales. The tell tales and the fluttering are both giving you the same message.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>The jib halyard must be very tight, or the sail will sag between the snaps on the forestay. This is a most common problem for beginners. The mainsail halyard should be tight, but not so tight as to create vertical wrinkles at the leading edge of the sail, parallel the mast.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>The outhaul, mainsail halyard and jib halyard should be tighter in heavy air to flatten the sails, an loosened in lighter wind. In general, you want a very flat sail in heavy wind, to kill off some of its power, and very full and baggy sail in light wind, when you need all the power you can get. The fuller the sail (baggier) the more the power.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>There are light lines sewn into the rear edge of each sail. Adjust these lines just tight enough to keep the rear edge of the sail from fluttering. If you get the lines too tight, the rear edge of the sail will cup toward the wind and slow the boat up a small amount.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>The time to reduce sail area is when you first think that it might be necessary. Even with less sail, the boat will be faster if the heeling angle can be kept below 25 degrees. Beyond that, performance goes all to hell.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>The reefing sequence goes like this:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote style=\"color: #000000;\">\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>1. If you can\u2019t keep the leaning angle below 25 degrees, flatten the mainsail with halyard and outhaul. Flatten the jib or genoa by tightening the halyard. Loosen the vang to allow the top of the mainsail to twist downwind and spill wind. Move the jib deck pulley to the rear of the track to let wind spill out of the top of the jib.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>2. If you still can\u2019t stand up straighter than 25 degrees, roll the genoa about 1\/2 way in. If you don\u2019t have roller furling, change from genoa to jib.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>3. After that, put a reef in the main, and keep the partially rolled genoa or the full jib.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>4. If it still leans too much, roll away more genoa, (or get rid of the jib) and keep the reef in the mainsail.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>5. If that isn\u2019t enough, consider pulling down the sails and powering home. Or pull down all of the sails and ride it out until the wind lets up. If you are sailing downwind, you can use just the jib or reefed genoa. (This doesn\u2019t work well upwind.)<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>When sailing into the wind, try leading the genoa sheet between the upper shroud and the lower shroud. This will allow the boat to point 5 to 7 degrees closer into the wind.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>When racing in heavy wind, have at least a 4 man crew. In light air, the fewer the better. Remember it is against the rules to throw crew members overboard to lighten the boat.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>The boats bottom, rudders and centerboard must be clean and shiny. A few days of marine growth will slow the boat dramatically. Any bumps at all, even microscopic, will create turbulence and destroy the orderly flow of water across the surface, and really screw up performance.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>Keep the boat moving. With the small centerboard, forward speed is essential to keep the board lifting the boat into the wind. No speed, no lift, and the boat will just slide sideways.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>Be sure to get rid of all extra weight. Crew can be moved to the windward side to keep the boat level. Junk in the boat is hard to move, and it will just slow the boat down. Light weight is very important downwind. Going upwind, added weight can sometimes be helpful. Waves and chop tend to slow up a light boat, while a heavier boat can plunge right on through. Keep rudder motion to a minimum. Steering creates lift from side to side. Lift is always accompanied by drag. Keep the rudder angle steady.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>When trimmed properly, the boat should want to head up into the wind when you let go of the wheel. When sailing into the wind, the front of the rudders should be turned about 5 degrees toward the upwind side of the boat.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>When sailing with the wind, avoid sailing straight downwind. Point up into the wind about 20 degrees, until the jib is not smothered by the mainsail, and starts to work. If your destination is straight downwind, tack back and forth as shown below. The boat will go a lot faster, which will more than make up for the fact that you have to sail a bit farther.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"left\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.macgregor26.com\/how_to_sail\/tacking_downwind_drawing.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"810\" height=\"153\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><b><span style=\"color: #008000; font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span style=\"color: #008000; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>Tacking downwind<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>This will also reduce the risk of accidentally jibing. When you do want to jibe, pull in the mainsheet until the boom is near the centerline of the boat, and gradually let it out on the other side. Don\u2019t let it slam over hard. Keep the crew off the cabin top if there is risk of jibing. The boom can whack them.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>When sailing, make sure the ballast tank is full. When under sail in heavy winds, keep the crew weight aft and to the windward side. In light wind, keep the crew forward and positioned so the transom is almost out of the water and the boat heels about 5 to 10 degrees. This heeling reduces the amount of hull surface in contact with the water. In light wind, the surface area touching the water creates most of the drag. The more surface in contact with the water, the slower the boat will go. A 10 degree angle of heel reduces this area significantly.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>It has been said that the art of seamanship is not getting yourself in a position where you need seamanship. Always be careful.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Roger MacGregor<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n <\/div>\r\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In light to moderate conditions (when power to carry sail is not an issue), a center boarder or lee boarder has the advantage of more efficient and lower-drag lateral plane. All else being similar, it will point and foot better than a deep keel-ballasted boat&#8221; Phil Bolger and Susanne Altenburger Wooden Boats November\/December 2000 issue&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":883,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[9],"tags":[45,11],"class_list":["post-882","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-racing","tag-centerboard","tag-mac26"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.eskimo.com\/~mighetto\/murrelet\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/20140412-161318.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4nQeu-ee","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eskimo.com\/~mighetto\/murrelet\/Wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/882","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eskimo.com\/~mighetto\/murrelet\/Wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eskimo.com\/~mighetto\/murrelet\/Wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eskimo.com\/~mighetto\/murrelet\/Wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eskimo.com\/~mighetto\/murrelet\/Wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=882"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.eskimo.com\/~mighetto\/murrelet\/Wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/882\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1242,"href":"https:\/\/www.eskimo.com\/~mighetto\/murrelet\/Wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/882\/revisions\/1242"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eskimo.com\/~mighetto\/murrelet\/Wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/883"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eskimo.com\/~mighetto\/murrelet\/Wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=882"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eskimo.com\/~mighetto\/murrelet\/Wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=882"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eskimo.com\/~mighetto\/murrelet\/Wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=882"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}